大学英语四级段落信息匹配题技巧8462.docx

1、大学英语四级段落信息匹配题技巧8462英语四、六级段落信息匹配题一、英语四级段落信息匹配题是什么？长篇阅读理解篇章后附有 10 个句子，每句一题。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。 有的段落可能对应两题，有的段落可能不对应任何一题。 四级考试需要各位同学做的是， 大家需要去看十个左右的段落， 然后去匹配十个信息点。 但是到六级当中， 我们的难度就要增加了，我们见到的情况是六级当中变成了 15 个段落，去匹配十个信息点。但总体来看，不管题型怎么变， 其实学习方法没变， 还是仍旧需要大家提高阅读的能力，比如说读文章的时候，是不是直接拿英语读，如果读快速阅读的

2、时候，还是拿中文边翻译边读的话， 会发现阅读速度一直会比较慢， 所以那么长的文章很难找到细节，所以大家一定要养成拿英语直接阅读的这样一种习惯， 这样才能保证我们的阅读速度又快又准。二、信息匹配题难点分析1.考生难以按照阅读题一贯遵循的“顺序原则 ”解题。由于这一题型要求考生把细节信息与其所在的段落进行匹配，因此细节信息的排列绝对是“乱序的 ”，这就意味着考生从文章开头到结尾按顺序定位的方法是行不通的。精品文库2.题干信息复杂，考生难以迅速抓住要领。题干中的细节信息通常是极复杂和繁琐的名词短语或长难句，考生往往在寻找到合适的定位词之前，就已经被题干信息的复杂表述弄得晕头转向了。3.考生难以寻找到

3、合适的定位词。 即使考生能够读懂题干中晦涩难懂的细节信息，但也会在寻找定位词时遇到很大障碍。因为题干提供的细节信息中往往不会出现非常明显的定位词(如数字、时间、地点、人物、特殊字体和特殊符号等 )。即使考生能够找到一个定位词，这一定位词也通常和欢迎下载 2精品文库文章主题密切相关，会在文章中多次出现，因而也没有太大的意义。三、匹配题出题特点及应试技巧匹配类题型有很多种，常见的种类有： 1）人名 -观点匹配； 2）.地名 -描述匹配； 3）句子 -句子匹配； 4）分类题(Classification)；5）段落 -标题匹配；6段落 -细节匹配。其中前四种做题方法比较类似，而后两种相对较复杂。这里

4、将阐述前四种题型的做题方法。1.扭转做题思维先要扭转做题思维，不是找到句子答案所在，而是判断这句话在哪一段欢迎下载 3精品文库会出现。所以我们首要明确，考官出这个题是要考察我们什么阅读能力，我认为不是细节阅读能力，而是对文章框架思路的把握能力。2预览题干，明确关键词该题型的解题基本思路是：先快速地将题干读一下，划出关键词 ;然后采用 skimming和 scanning的方式通读原文，匹配信息。3快速掌握文章脉络通过阅读中心句快速掌握文章脉络。中心句一般出现在首位句，转折词如 but 或者因果关系联接词如 as欢迎下载 4精品文库a result 引领的第二句，或者问句后面的答句。一般建议在找

5、到中心句后，读一下末句，可以更精确地掌控段意。若无特别明显的中心句，首尾句的阅读也有助于理解段意。阅读过程当中，有的信息点明确可直接先去选出答案。这里我们也要明确要多看英文，掌握英文的行文思路。一般而言剑桥里的文章组织有三大类。一是按时间，如货物运输，这是最简单的。二是按观点 原因 发展 瓶颈 措施 目标的布局来分析一件事物。三是 偏科普的 夹杂很多不同派别的理论，这个相对而言比较难。欢迎下载 5精品文库4.注意字句的形式变化。在长篇阅读中寻找相关信息的难度很大程度上取决于考生对字句形式变化的辨识能力。需要注意三种变化形式：1）题干只对原文中个别单词或词组进行同义改写或转述； 2）题干对原文中

6、整句话进行同义改写或转述；3）题干对原文中几句话或整段内容进行综合概括或推断。这就对考生的单词量、对某一单词多重释义的了解以及对句意的概括或推断能力提出了新要求。5.注意标记。在首次阅读的过程中如果不能确定某些单句是否与该段落相匹欢迎下载 6精品文库配，最好做个记号，以便第二次阅读时更有针对性。第二次阅读的目的：一是检查已初步确定的段落与单句是否确实匹配；二是完成第一遍阅读中尚未解答的题目。6.注意时间的合理使用，不要为确定某个细节问题而浪费大量的时间。【关键词的类型】1.人名、地名和专有名词2.一些拼写较长的词，比如：internship，competitiveness，globalizat

7、ion，integration，sustainability，innovative，欢迎下载 7精品文库immigration 等。这些词属于低频词，一般不会大篇幅地出现。利用这些词可以高效地查找匹配段落。另外，这些词有时会作为生词在文中标注出来，像 internship，在原文中用斜体印刷，并以括号备注中文。我们选它做关键词，瞬间就能找到原文出处了。2.数字，包括年代、百分比、特殊事件等。如四级样卷中的：mid-1970s, 3.9 percent，20 percent，September 11等。教研君利用这些数字进行定位，测得的准确率是 100%哦!欢迎下载 8精品文库3.以连字符连接的

8、特殊词汇。如： university-based，one-child。这些词是由两个 (或三个 )单词连接的新词，一般当成形容词使用。三个单词的例子如： hard-to-grasp 难以理解的。这些词也属于低频词，一般不会大篇幅出现。需要注意的是有时候我们需要将这些词拆开来定位，如one-child在原文中是没有的， 原文是这样的 “They often compromise byhaving just one child. 这里的”onechild 就不是整体作为形容词使用了。4.研究、报告、书籍型词汇，如：report，study，books等。一般来说欢迎下载 9精品文库研究、报告等内容

9、都是易考点，这些信息经常出现在特定的段落里，所以根据这些词汇作为关键词也很容易定位。5. 最高级，如 best， worst，most等。如六级第 54 题，关键词之一为the best solution。然而仅凭此关键词我们可能无法迅速地找到答案，因为原文的表述是 the most effectivemethod，用的词汇是完全不一样的。这时，我们还需要增加一个关键词pension，帮助我们定位。 这就提醒我们在平常的阅读中应多关注最高级出现的地方，因为它常常是考点。欢迎下载 10精品文库6.具有特殊意义的指示性词汇。 这类词汇虽然不是通常意义上的定位关键词，但其特殊含义可将考生的注意力指向

10、原文的开头、结尾或是某个具有特殊特征的段落。这些词通常包括如下三类：能够指示开头段的词汇 (如 overview、introduction、initiation、main idea、 definition 等)；能够指示结尾段的词(如 overview、future、 solution、conclusion、suggestion、summary等)；能够帮助考生回原文定位的特殊词汇 (如 rate、ratio、 proportion、percentage等词往往对应含 “ %”的段欢迎下载 11精品文库落； number、figure、statisticaldemographics等词往往对应

11、数字集中的段落； financial、income、revenue、salary 等词往往对应含诸如“ $”“￥”等货币符号的段落 )。考生能够通过这些指示性词汇缩小回原文定位的范围，从而快速判定欢迎下载 12精品文库表 1四级样卷长篇阅读欢迎下载 13精品文库表 2六级样卷长篇阅读欢迎下载 14精品文库欢迎下载 15精品文库Passage OneUniversities Branch OutA)As never before in their long history, universities have become instruments of national competition

12、as well as instruments of peace. They are the place of the scientific discoveries that move economies forward, and the primary means of educating the talent required to obtain and maintain competitive欢迎下载 16精品文库advantage. But at the same time, the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, se

13、rvices, information and especially people has made universities a powerful force forglobal integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability.B)In response to the same forces that have driven the world economy, universities have become more self-consciously global: seeking students from ar

14、ound the world who represent the entire range of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to prepare them for global careers, offering courses of study that address the challengesof an interconnected world and collaborative ( 合 作 的 ) researchprograms to advance sciencefor the欢迎下载 17精品文

15、库benefit of all humanity.C)Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than the movement across borders. Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent, from 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2004.

16、 Most travel from one developed nation to another, but the flow from developing to developed countries is growing rapidly. The reverse flow, from developed to developing countries, is on the rise, too. Today foreign students earn 30 percent of the doctoral degrees awarded in the United States and 38

17、 percent of those in the United Kingdom. And the number crossing borders for undergraduate study is growing as well, to 8 percent of the欢迎下载 18精品文库undergraduates at America sbest institutions and 10 percent of all undergraduates in the U.K. In the United States, 20 percent of the newly hired profess

18、ors in science and engineering are foreign-born, and in China many newly hired faculty members at the top research universities received their graduate education abroadD)Universities are also encouraging students to spend some of their undergraduate years in another country. In Europe, more than 140

19、,000 students participate in the Erasmus program each year, taking courses for credit in one of 2,200 participating institutions across the continent. And in the United States, institutions are helping placestudents in summerinternships( 实习 )欢迎下载 19精品文库abroad to prepare them for global careers. Yale

20、 and Harvard have ledthe way, offering every undergraduate at least one international study or internship opportunityand providing the financial resources to make it possible.E)Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend involves sourcing portions of a research program to

21、 another country. Yale professor and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a research center focusedon the geneticsof human diseaseat Shanghai sFudan University, in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. The Shanghai center has 95 employees and graduate stude

22、nts working in a4,300-square-meter laboratory欢迎下载 20精品文库facility. Yale faculty, postdoctors and graduate students visit regularly and attend videoconference seminars with scientistsfrom both campuses. The arrangement benefits both countries; Xu sYale lab is more productive, thanks to the lower costs

23、 of conducting research in China, andChinese graduate students, postdoctors and faculty get on-the-job training from a world-class scientist and his U.S. team.F)As a result of its strength in science, the United States has consistently led the world in the commercialization of major new technologies

24、, from the mainframe computer and the integrated circuit of the 1960s to the Internetinfrastructure ( 基 础 设 施 ) and欢迎下载 21精品文库applications software of the 1990s. The link between university-based scienceand industrial application is often indirect but sometimes highlyvisible: Silicon Valley was inte

25、ntionally created by Stanford University, and Route 128 outside Boston has long housed companies spun off from MIT and Harvard.Around the world, governments have encouraged copying of this model, perhaps most successfully inCambridge, England, where Microsoft and scores of other leadingsoftware and

26、biotechnology companies have set up shop around the university.G)For all its success,the United States remains deeply hesitant about sustaining the research-university model. Most politicians recognize the link between investment in science欢迎下载 22精品文库and national economic strength, but support for r

27、esearch funding has been unsteady. The budget of the National Institutes of Health doubled between 1998 and 2003, but has risen more slowly than inflation since then. Support for the physical sciences and engineering barely kept pace with inflation during that same period. The attempt to make up los

28、t ground is welcome, but the nation would be better served by steady, predictable increases in science funding at the rate of long-term GDP growth, which is on the order of inflation plus 3 percent per year.H)American politicians have great difficulty recognizing that admitting more foreign students

29、 can greatly promote the national interest byincreasinginternationalunderstanding.Adjustedfor欢迎下载 23精品文库inflation, public funding forinternational exchanges and foreign-language study is well below the levels of 40 years ago. In the wake of September 11, changes in the visa process caused a dramatic

30、 decline in the number of foreign students seeking admission to U.S. universities, and a corresponding surge in enrollments in Australia, Singapore and the U.K. Objections from American university and business leaders led to improvements in the process and a reversal of the decline, but the United States is still seen by many as unwelcoming to international students.I)Most Americans recognize that universities contribute to the nation well-being through their scientific research, but many fear that foreignstudentsthreatenAmerican