高考英语短文改错超级讲义.docx

1、高考英语短文改错超级讲义2020高考英语 短文改错专题讲练 各省历年高考考点平均出现次数考点各省历年高考考点平均出现次数命题趋势2018201720162015动词3432短文改错文章以记叙文为主，考察词类覆盖面广，涉及名词、动词、冠词、代词、介词、形容词、副词等的基本用法在短文改错中占相当大比例的是动词的形式变化，包括一般现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词、现在分词、及被动语态等其他如名词的单复数变化、主谓一致、词与词之间的搭配等方面的错误也会出现。错误比例分布 多词 ：缺词 ：错词普遍 1 ： 1 ： 8偶尔 2 ： 1 ： 7偶尔 1 ： 2 ： 7启示：.核对错项时，若的确有一时难以

2、改出的地方，可以参考所改动项是否基本符合“1：1：8”的比例。即多一词1个，缺词1个，错词8个。核对改正的语法项目是否有重复。因为短文改错往往覆盖面广，一般不会出现重复考查某个语法点的现象。名词1111连词2111形容词1102副词0110代词1111冠词1101介词1021全国课标卷I近四年考点范围2018201720162015动词1. Think-thought2. Must found-find3. Since then,we had (been doing)-have1. Used to doing-do2. Passed-passed1. When things did wrong

3、-did 改为went2. When I tear apart my改为tore形容词/副词1. A seriously problem-serious2. Much rare animals-many1. Grow wanderfully tomatoes2. (the fruits are juicy and taste-tastyRemember sb very muc-much改为well/clearlyLittle aggressive-less连词Or-andAlthoug-but把but去掉或改为yet1. 两句间加and2. During-when See which was

4、happenning-改为what名词Airs-airThese year-yearsshouldersToy-toys代词Your-our/theThere are so much-many Himself-himFor a while parent-在parent后面加上myIt-them 冠词In countyside(加the)As result(加a)In a fact(去掉a)介词On the development of (改为with)With the help by(by改为of)Fromtoward-to1. No more toys to you 改为for2. Make

5、 my toys to last去掉to上下文逻辑关系(the plants are growing) somewhere-everywhereNever-ever短文改错的常见错误类型 1. 动词错误类型：时态、语态 （历年考试的重点和热点）时态错用（和主体时态矛盾） and 前后动词时态不一致; 主谓不一致 缺少动词,特别是be动词; 第三人称单数形式错用 主动语态和被动语态错用。固定搭配错误 1）历年都有时态错误的小题，而且改动基本集中在一般过去时与一般现在时之间。时态的更改要以上下文的主体时态为依据，以明显的时间状语为依据。eg. I was only four when she pa

6、sses away. (根据I was only four)注意：主从复合句中，如果主句是一般现在时，从句可以根据需要用各种时态；如果主句是一般过去时，从句需要用相应的过去时态。举例说明：I think that he is a good man/that he did not finish his work yesterday.He said that he had visited the park.2) and/but前后都有谓语动词称为并列谓语，以短文主体时态为准，一定注意两个动词时态是否一致。eg. She liked it very much and reads it to the

7、class. All said the story was. As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to3.1)主谓不一致一般都是考简单句：主谓宾/主系表，所以注意主语和谓语实义动词/be动词是否一致就变得不难了。eg. One evening she told me that something happened wh

8、en her parents was out. 3.2) 主语后有with,together with,along with, as well as, like, but, except, rather than, besides, including 等短语时，谓语动词和主语一致。（A together with B 作主语，谓语动词依A来定）Nobody except my parents knows anything about it.3.3）or, neithernor., eitheror, not onlybut also连接并列主语遵循就近原则。He or his brother

9、s was to blame for the broken window.3.4)one of +复数名词后的定语从句谓语动词用复数，但the (only/very/right) one of +复数名词后的定语从句，谓语动词需用单数。Eg. James is the only one of my friends who are lazy.3.5) no, many a, more than on+单数名词表示复数意思，但因中心词是单数，谓语仍用单数。Eg. More than one student have been to Bazhong.3.6）有些名词只有复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词用

10、复数。Clothes, glasses眼镜，shoes，chopsticks筷子，scissors剪刀, trousers, jeans, stocks. Eg. This pair of trousers belong to my sister. Mine are being washed.主谓一致(语法一致原则/就近一致原则/意义一致原则)更多参见一轮复习书P160-161.4)简单句句子结构：主系表/主谓宾，注意完整性。She is a student. I like music.eg. There will an important game next month. 5) 第三人称单数

11、名词代词作主语，谓语动词要用单数，be动词was，is；实义动词加s （一般情况加s如takes，reads；辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i+es如：try-tries，reply-replies;以/s/,/,/t/音素结尾和o结尾的动词+es如：do-does，watch-watches，guess-guesses）have-has是特殊。若非第三人称单数作主语，谓语动词不能乱用单数。eg. My dream school look like a big garden. 6) 被动语态的结构：be done/be being done/have/has been done.但不及物动词（短语）

12、无被动：come out, run out, belong to, date back to, come up(被提出)，happen，occur(发生)，consist of, appear, die, lie, rise,.eg. This book was belonged to me. 7）动词短语考搭配，一般都是一些基础的常用短语，需要大家熟记分清。Eg. My sister is going to graduate college soon and find a job. 2. 名词单复数和名词所有格错误类型可数名词：单复数错用 （高频考点） 可数名词和不可数名词混用名词所有格中“

13、s”的误置 无生命所有格of漏用/误用1.1）单复数错用改动依据一：名词前的修饰限定成份（单数名词前常有a/an; 复数名词前有many，several, a few等；不可数名词没复数，其前常有much，little 等 ）；改动依据二：上下文的逻辑关系，谓语动词的单复数（be动词is,was 配单数名词；be动词are，were 配复数名词；实义动词原形配复数名词；实义动词第三人称单数配单数名词）1.2）名词复数规则要记清：（详见一轮复习书P14） (1) There are advantage for students to work. (2) That was a dinner we

14、had waited for several month. (3) a few minute on the Internet. (4) But one and a half year later. (one and a half意思为一个半)2）不可数名词无复数，不能直接用冠词或数词修饰，常见的要记清：clothing服装（总称，information, advice, news, weather, equipment, traffic, trouble, furniture, fun, paper纸, sugar，work（工作）luggage行李. 既是可数名词又是不可数名词的。词性取决于

15、语境。 名词作“不可数”时复数形式名词作“不可数”时复数形式coffee咖啡几杯咖啡custom习惯；习俗海关silk丝绸各种丝绸force力气；力量军队hair头发几根头发glass杯子；玻璃眼镜time时间次数；倍数；时代sand沙子沙滩；沙漠food食物各种食物work工作作品；工厂fruit水果若干种水果chicken鸡肉鸡wood树木树林manner举止，态度礼貌iron铁熨斗arm手臂武器paper纸试卷；论文；报纸word消息字；词；话 Eg. We have called several time about Hippys early morning barking.Their

16、 word were a great encouragement to me.3.1) 表示“的”通常在名词词尾直接加-s;以s结尾的复数名词直接加“ ”即可如：friends, friendsbut she marked strictly on students actual performance. 3.2)注意一些习惯用法：表示店铺，某人的家，诊所等; at the barbers/dentists, at my aunts 等 表示时间，距离，集体，城市，团体，机构的，yesterdays newspaper, five minutes walk 走路五分钟的路程Eg. I forgo

17、t my favorite book at my friend this weekend.4）无生命所有格，“of+名词”如：a picture of my family 一张我家的全家福Eg. Without the help by his parents, he bravely got out of the financial problem. 3. 形容词、副词错误类型系动词后误放副词 误用副词修饰名词;误用形容词修饰动词、形容词 误用形容词作评注性状语误用副词修饰主语表状态 v-ing 和v-ed形容词混用误用形容词或副词的原级、比较级和最高级 近义词误用误用带-ly的副词与不带-ly

18、的副词最后，注意根据上下文该用比较级而未用的“暗中比较”特别指正：1) 系动词后常用形容词（be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词 smell /feel）The memory stayed fresh. The food tastes good.2)修饰名词用形容词 serious problem；3）修饰动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词：She sings well; I firmly believe you can succeed；I had an extremely special birthday. She was particularly

19、interested in English. 4) 副词 (un)fortunately, surprisingly, luckily 等放句首作评注性状语修饰整个句子。改错题热门考点eg. Unfortunately, I failed to go the party. 不幸的是，我没能去参加聚会。5）形容词可以作状语修饰句子主语。eg. Tired but happy, we won the game.6）Ving的adj常修饰物，“令人的”，ved的adj常修饰人，“感到.”She was surprised at the latest surprising news. She had

20、a very surprised book on her face.7.1) much 可以修饰形副词的比较级，many不可以。eg. The Internet plays a much more / more important role in our life.7.2) the+比较级，the+比较级 “越越”常成为考点，注意前后一致，都要用比较级。eg. The more progress we have made, the easier the life is. 7.3) adj/adv比较级+than “比更”注意than前要用比较级。He is better at English

21、than me. 8)注意一些近义词的区别：lonely, alone; farther, further; alive, live, lively; likely, possible, probable, likely.9) 注意一些形容词可以做副词， 而+ly也为副词，但意义不同。尤其注意late， lately；close，closely；high，highly; hard, hardly; most, mostly; like, likely 的区别。（可参阅一轮复习书P77）Tips: 形容词变副词规则要记牢：一般词尾+ly, fortunate, interesting,helpf

22、ul,，以le结尾去e+ly, gentle,possible, ；以辅音字母加y结尾变y为i+ly, happy, heavy,angry.强化练习：1. They came back lately and had some tea. 2. you always gave me specially attention. 3. . they fly down immediate and catch them without delay. 4. Yes，it is clearly that your life in your country is quite different from . 5

23、. I know you are particular interested in Human Rights. 4. 非谓语错误类型（动名词、不定式、ving分词、ved分词）不定式符号to的添、删 谓语和非谓语混用ving分词/ved分词作状语混用 忽视动名词doing作主语、宾语and 连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致（尤其距离较远时） 1.1）接不定式作宾补省略to的有“11个半”（半个帮助help，一个感觉feel，两个听 listen to, hear,三个使役动词make，let，have，五个看see, watch, look at, observe, notice）注意：在被动句

24、中to不能省略。eg1. They were made do the job from morning till night.eg2. to help each other and to make their friendship to last long.1.2) 情态动词后及短语动词had better, would better, cant (help) but,do nothing but,cant choose but, prefer to do rather than等后的不定式要省略to。 Eg. Id rather stay at home than to go to see

25、a film with Jane.2) As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.3)过去分词和现在分词短语作状语时，有特征：动词短语放句首/中/尾，有逗号隔开。现在分词与主语存在逻辑上的主谓（主动）关系，表示主动和进行；过去分词与主语存在逻辑上的动宾（被动）关系，表示被动或完成。One night, we sat by the fire, have our barbecue. (一个主语，两个动词且有逗号隔开，无连接词but/and/or 判定有一个动词需用ving/ved分词作

26、状语)4）动名词作主语谓语动词用单数；动名词放在特定动词后作宾语：suggest doing sth.Playing football not only makes us grow tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit5. 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词的错误类型 1 女性代词指代男性或相反； （she,he 反用; him, her 反用；物主代词his,her 反用） “你（们的）”、“我（们的）、他（们的)”混用； （尤其our，your，their混用） 单数指代复数或相反；

27、eg. It-them） 代词词性误用；物主代词-名词性物主代词，宾格-反身代词缺少人称代词不定代词混用something/anything;some,any;both,all;neither,either,none;other,another改正方法：看到代词寻找指代对象，联系上下文推敲逻辑关系核实是否一致不定代词需关注：another三者及以上中的另一个，one.anotherthe other 两者中另一个onethe otherother+复数名词；some.others.一些.另一些都任何都不 两者botheitherneither三者或以上allanynonesomething常用

28、于肯定句，否定句常用anything.强化训练：1. The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.2. I have a good friend whos name is Liu Mei.3. It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the mountain. The three of them were very excited.4. Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to expre

29、ss me in simple English.5. One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.6. 介词的错误类型 固定搭配错误2 习惯用法错误考察方向：多用、漏用、误用 特别指正：1） 时间名词前有特定词如this, that, last, next, there, one, every, yesterday, today，不再用介词on, at, in 等。eg. I visited Beijing with my parents on last month.2） 及物动词后不用介词；动词不定式作后置定语修饰名词时，与

30、名词有逻辑上的动宾关系，如果不定式是不及物动词，其后需加介词。eg. He found no room to live in. 3）the moment, the minute, every time 等名词短语充当连词引导时间状语从句“一就”其前不用介词4) 熟记和介词搭配的短语，(常见短语，易混短语)常见短语如：belong to， look forward to， take care of， listen to， laugh at，make fun of，make use of，take advantage of，play tricks on, pay attention to, get rid of易混短语如：pick up -pick out，come up-come up with, give in-give up . Tips：固定搭配要记牢，介词后边跟宾语，结合语境细推敲.牢固掌握介词的基本用法更易得分，当然介词常和动词搭配考，所以看到动词短语，一看搭配介词是否正确是否符合句意，二看是否少介词，三看是否和