高考英语二轮复习推理判断类 专项训练含答案解析doc.docx

1、高考英语二轮复习推理判断类 专项训练含答案解析doc 第三讲 推理判断类专项练习【分类真题】（2019年全国卷二.B）You can use me as a last resort（选择）, and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it. This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids lacrosse（长曲棍球）club.I guess that theres probably some demanding

2、 work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids arent even on At th

3、is point the unwilling parent speaks up, Alright. Yes, Ill do it.Im secretly relieved because I know theres real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the

4、 way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.Still,

5、most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community（社区）as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteerin

6、g just feels so good.In that sense, Im pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than Id freely like to admit. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies?24. What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragra

7、ph l?A. She knows little about the club. B. She isnt good at sports.C. She just doesnt want to volunteer. D. Shes unable to meet her schedule.【答案】.C 【解析】推理判断题。本题题干意为：从第一段那位家长的回答中我们可以推断出关于她的什么？文章中，那位家长的回答是“你可以把我作为最后一个选择，如果没有其他人愿意当志愿者，那么我就做”。根据其回答可以知道，她其实是不太愿意做志愿者的，故C项正确。25. What does the underlined p

8、hrase tug at the heartstrings in paragraph 2 mean?A. Encourage team work. B. Appeal to feelings.C. Promote good deeds. D. Provide advice.【答案】.B 【解析】词义猜测题。本题题干意为：第二段中的画线短语“tug at the he-artstrings的意思是什么？根据上下文可知，此处表示“我”又试了一次，这回开始打感情牌。画线短语意为“触动心弦”，故B项正确。A:鼓励团队合作；C:促进良好行为；D:提供建议。26. What can we learn ab

9、out the parent from paragraph 3?A. She gets interested in lacrosse. B. She is proud of her kids.C. Shell work for another season. D. She becomes a good helper.【答案】.D 【解析】推理判断题。本题题干意为：从第三段中，我们能够得知那位家长的什么情况？在文章的第三段，作者记述了那位家长在活动中所做的事情，即安排饮食计划、发送邮件、募集资金等，她成了团队中一个重要的成员。因此D项（她成了一个好助手）正确。27. Why does the a

10、uthor like doing volunteer work?A. It gives her a sense of duty. B. It makes her very happy.C. It enables her to work hard. D. It brings her material rewards.【答案】.B 【解析】推理判断题。本题题干意为：为什么作者喜欢做志愿工作？根据文章倒数第二段中的“Connecting to the community.provides a real joy”以及“Volunteering just feels so good.”可知，作者认为，做

11、志愿工作能让她开心。故B项正确。A:这给予她一种责任感；C:这让她能努力工作；D:这给她带来了物质上的回报。（2019年全国卷三.C）Before the 1830s,most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10 a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly

12、, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.The trend, then, was

13、toward the penny paper a term referring to papers made widely available to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible(but not easy

14、)to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830,but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printers office to purchase a copy. Street sales were almost unknown. However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first the price of single c

15、opies was seldom a pennyusually two or three cents was charged and some of the older well-known papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase penny paper caught the publics fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.This new trend of newspapers for the man on the

16、street did not begin well. Some of the early ventures(企业)were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.28.Which of the following be

17、st describes newspapers in America before the 1830s?A. Academic. B. Unattractive. C. Inexpensive. D. Confidential.【答案】.B 【解析】细节理解题。本题题干意为：下面哪个选项对19世纪30年代之前美国报纸状况的描述是最准确的？根据文章第一段的描述可知当时的报纸很昂贵，只有富人才能买得起。同时，当时的很多报纸对大众没有吸引力。因此B项（没有吸引力的）符合题意。A:学术的；C:便宜的；D:机密的。29.What did street sales mean to newspapers?A

18、. They would be priced higher. B. They would disappear from cities.C. They could have more readers. D. They could regain public trust.【答案】.C【解析】 推理判断题。本题题干意为：街头销售对报纸来说意味着什么根据文章第二段的描述，当报纸开始在街头销售之后，价格很低，容易买到，所以C项（它们会有更多的读者）符合题意。A:它们的定价将会更高；B:它们将从城市消失；D:它们将重获公众的信任30.Who were the newspapers of the new t

19、rend targeted at?A. Local politicians. B. Common people.C. Young publishers. D. Rich businessmen.【答案】.B【解析】细节理解题。本题题干意为：新趋势下报纸的目标群体是哪些人？根据文章第二段和第三段对报纸改革的描述，尤其是第二段的The trend, then, was toward the penny paper-a term referring to papers made widely available to the public.可知，新的趋势为报纸大众化。故B项（普通人）符合题意。31.

20、What can we say about the birth of the penny paper?A. It was a difficult process. B. It was a temporary success.C. It was a robbery of the poor. D. It was a disaster for printers.【答案】.A 【解析】推理判断题。本题题干意为：我们可以如何评价“一分报纸”的诞生？根据文章对“一分报纸”发展历程的描述，尤其是最后一段的This new trend of newspapers for the man on the stre

21、et did not begin well.(这种面向街头普通人的报纸的新趋势一开始发展得并不好。可知，A项（这是一个艰难的过程）符合题意。B:这是暂时的成功；C:这是对贫穷者的掠夺；D:这对印刷工人来说是灾难。（2019年全国卷三.D）Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with

22、 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the monkeys combinedor addedthe symbols to get the reward.Heres how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screen

23、s. On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seve

24、n drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers17 in this example.After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculat

25、ion, not just memorizing the value of each combination.When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate（低估）a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in valuesometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of

26、 8 and 6. The underestimation was systematic: When adding two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction（小部分）of the smaller number to it.This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains, Dr. Livingstone says.

27、“But in this experiment what theyre doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.”32. What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them?A. They fed them. B. They named them.C. They trained them. D. They measured them.【答案】.C 【解析】细节理解题。本题题干意为：研究人员在对猴子进行测试之前对它们做了什么？

28、根据题干中的before testing them以及第二段第二句中的The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined定位至第二段，再根据第一句中的A team of researchers trained three Rhesus mon-keys可知答案为C项。A:他们给它们喂食；B:他们给它们起名字；D:他们测量它们。33. How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment?A. By drawing a circle. B. By touching a screen.C.

29、 By watching videos. D. By mixing two drinks.【答案】.B【解析】细节理解题。本题题干意为：在实验中，猴子们如何得到奖励？根据题干中的reward定位至第三段的后半部分。根据第三段最后一句If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewar-ded with seven drops of water or juice.可知答案为B项。A:通过画一个圆圈；C:通过观看视频；D:通过将两种饮料混合。34. What did Livingstones team find

30、 about the monkeys?A. They could perform basic addition. B. They could understand simple words.C. They could memorize numbers easily. D. They could hold their attention for long.【答案】.A 【解析】推理判断题。本题题干意为：Livingstone的团队从对猴子的研究中发现了什么？根据第四段中 the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the t

31、ime, indicating that they were performing a calculation可知，答案为A项（它们可以做基本的加法）。B:它们可以理解简单的文字；C:它们可以轻松地记住数字；D:它们可以长时间保持注意力。35. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?A. Entertainment. B. Health. C. Education. D. Science.【答案】.D 【解析】推理判断题。本篇文章出现了研究人员（researchers)、实验（ex-periment)、实验结果（the res

32、ults of the experiment)等关键词，向读者展示了自然科学研究成果，因此本篇文章在报纸中应放在科学版块，故答案为D项。A:娱乐；B:健康；C:教育。（2018年全国卷一.D） We may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置)well after they go out of style. Thats bad news for the environment- and our wallets - as these outdated devices cons