高考英语短文改错套路十点.docx

1、高考英语短文改错套路十点高考英语短文改错套路十点英语短文改错口诀：动词形，名词数;注意形和副;非谓动词细辨别;习惯用法要记住;句子成分多分析;逻辑错误须关注。英语短文改错绝对不是一道难题，它所考查的语法和词汇都是最基础的。下面是高考英语短文改错套路十点，供参考。一、高考英语短文改错十大常见错误短文改错是有一定的规律可循的，纵观近几年的高考试题及我们平常的模拟考试，可以发现短文改错主要有以下十大错误：1.形容词与副词的误用。如exciting与excited，hard与hardly，possible与possibly，here与there等，以及形容词与副词的比较级与最高级。2.名词的单复数误用

2、。如在several，many，various，different，a few，one of等之后，常用名词的复数，在every与each之后常用单数。3.代词的误用。如you与your，its与its，it与they或them，one与ones，宾格(如me)与反身代词(如myself)等的误用。4.介词的误用、缺少或多余。常见的如in 与on，to与for，instead与instead of，because与because of等的误用。5.时态的错误。看一篇文章，要有一种大局观，要上前下挂，看看上下文的时态是否一致。6.连词的误用。如or与and的误用，and与but的误用，so与bu

3、t的误用，because或since与so连用，though与but连用等。7.第三人称单数后的动词形式。8.一些固定结构的误用。如so.that被误用作very.that，too.to被误用very.to，as.as被误作so.as等。9.定语从句中，which，that，when，where等混淆不清。10.一些常用词，如what与how，except与besides，any与some以及它们的合成词如any-thing与something，anywhere与somewhere等混淆不清。二、高考英语短文改错命题规律(一)上下文语义矛盾通过对近年改错部分的分析，发现出现错误率的频率最高的就

4、是上下文语义矛盾这一项，上下文语义矛盾，也就是说，根据上文的内容，紧接下来的部分应该是肯定意义，结果原文却用了否定;反之，根据上下文的连贯关系，下文本该用否定却用了肯定。(二)缺漏和多余缺漏某些不可少或加了某些不必要的词都会使句意不通顺。一般来说，缺漏和多余的词多为介词、代词、冠词或连词。多余还可能出现相同意义的词语叠加在一起或出现两个主语现场。(三)介词误用介词使句中某些词与其他词发生一定的关系，其在英语中占很重要的地位，故成为又一重要考点。(四)代词误用如果某一代词根本无所指，或与其所指代的实词意义不一致那么就需要对其进行纠正。(五)非谓语动词错用非谓语动词是令人头疼的改错类型，它包括不定

5、式、分词、动名词。改错中的主要出现是非谓语动词与主要谓语动词之间的混淆。(六)形容词、副词(包括比较级和最高级)误用形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级是改错考题中必考的项目之一。常见错误类型有：1.不能区分哪两部分进行比较，是主语之间、宾语之间还是时间状语之间、地点状语之间的比较。2.不可分级的形容词、副词误用了比较结构。(七)一致性方面的错误一致性(Agreement或Concord)在英语中属于一种很基础、很常见的语法现象。一致性指主谓一致、名词单复数与其修饰语的一致，代词与先行词的一致，还有时态一致、修辞手法一致等。考试改错题中常见的一致性方面的错误有以下几类：1.主谓一致。主谓不一致错

6、误是高考改错题内容之一，主要表现为主语名词与谓语动词间隔较长，首尾不能相接，造成视觉上的混淆。2.名词单复数。有时名词可以不用复数，但是在特定的句子中由于前面有明确的量词修饰，如may,several,a number of,a variety of 等等，就要变成复数形式。3.代词与先行词一致。代词的主要功能是指代已出现的名词、词组或一个意群，因此代词的出现必须有所指，而且形、数等与前面所代的部分相符。这是代词改错的核心。(八)用词不当英语中有很多同义词、反义词、易混词，如assure/ensure,rise/arise/raise,effect/affect等。从历年改错题看，对这些词的误

7、用构成改错的一个重要的错误类型。误是被动语态被误用为主动语态。(九)逻辑关系混乱现主句和从句时态可能不一致的情形。另外，改错题中最常见的语态错这类错误常常不易被发现，因为它不属于句子内部的语言知识，而是句子与句子之间串联的关系。要想把这类错误纠正出来，需要考生对文章有总体的理解，头脑中有个大的框架。一般改错中的连接词错误都会使句子的逻辑关系发生改变，或造成句子的语义逻辑混乱。综合改错中对逻辑关系的考查主要集中在因果、转折、条件、让步等关系上，其中以因果和转折连接词最为常见。(十)时态、语态错误一篇结构完整的短文中，时态的使用应该是连贯一致的，但高考改错中常出现主句和从句时态可能不一致的情形。另

8、外，改错题中最常见的语态错误是被动语态被误用为主动语态。三、高考英语短文改错考点之错词错词的情况最为复杂，大致可分为虚词选择错误、实词词形错误、同(近)义、形似词选择错误等。(1)虚词选择错误介词或副词选择错误：这种情况极为复杂，各种情况都有可能。这里只提供几组作为参考：before/ago,among/between,after/in,below/under,on/above/over,across/through,except/besides,with/in(用),to/for(对于),like/as等。连词选择错误或连词与介词混淆。如：because/for(since,as),if/w

9、hether,if/unless,so as/so that,hardlywhen/no soonerthan,while/when,till/until等。感叹句用词选择错误：how/what。冠词选择错误：a/an,a(an)/the。(2)实词词形错误名词词形错误：名词的单复数形式，特别注意不规则名词的复数形式;名词的所有格，特别注意不规则复数名词的所有格，如：the childrens;名词所有格的绝对形式。如：My son is older than my elder brothers.动词词形错误：不规则动词的过去式、过去分词形式错误，特别注意几组易于混淆的词，如：lie(躺)/l

10、ie(说谎)/lay;hang(挂)/hang(绞死);find/found(建立);fall/fell(砍倒);bear(忍受)/bear(生育)等的过去式与过去分词。非谓语动词用法的选择，特别是充当状语、表语、定语或宾语补足语时是用过去分词还是现在分词(取决于主语、名词中心词与宾语的关系);在to后是用不定式还是动名词(取决于to是介词还是小品词);以及在并列结构中后面动词的形式，必须与第1个动词保持一致。谓语动词时态形式的选择，是现在时还是过去时还是其他时态;情态动词和will(would),shall(should)等助动词后面的动词形式的选择(只能用原形)。形容词与副词词形错误：是用

11、原级、比较级还是最高级，是加more,most还是加-er,-est构成比较级和最高级。词性选择错误：不同的词性充当不同的句子成分，要注意实词的词性是否适合其功能，不符合则应换用适当的派生词。其中特别要注意：连系动词后常用形容词充当表语，而不用副词。如：He feels cold.作状语用副词，而不用形容词。如：He works well.(3)同义词、近义词、形似词选择错误这里举一些常见的例子：accept/receive,alive,living/lively,allow/let,alone/lonely,aloud/loudly,already/yet/still,also/too/ei

12、ther,number/amount/quantity,answer/reply,asleep/sleepy/sleeping,bring/take/fetch/carry,clothes/clothing,deep/deeply,cost/spend/take/pay,hard/hardly,high/highly,job/work,late/lately,lend/borrow,raise/rise,say/speak/tell/talk,sit/seat,sound/noise/voice.2019年Ive had many dreams since I was a child. Now

13、 my dream is to opens a cafe. Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts. What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one. I want my cafe have a special theme such as like Tang Dynasty. In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environm

14、ent what is created for them. If I succeed in manage one, I will open more. I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city. Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style.2018年It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin. Everyone was silent, wait to see who

15、would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud. Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity, others were nervous and anxious. I had done myself homework but I was shy. I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger group of people. At that moment, I remembered that

16、 my father once said, The classroom is a place for learning and that include leaning from textbooks, and mistake as well. Immediate, I raised my hand.2017年When I look at this picture of myself. I realize of how fast time flies. I had grown not only physically.and also mentally in the past few years.

17、 About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time,car magazines and musical instruments.I enjoyed studying difference kings of cars

18、 and planes,playing pop music,and collecting the late music albums.This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.2016年The teenage year from 13to 19 were the most difficult time for me . They were also the best and worse years in my life . At the first,I thought I

19、knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. However,my parents didnt seem to think such.They always tell me what to do and how to do it.At one time ,I ever felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.N

20、ow I am leaving home to college.At last,I will be on my own,but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help. 2015年One day , little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. It was very crowded. Tony saw a toy on a shop window. He liked it so very much that he quickly walked i

21、nto the shop. After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. Tony was scared and begun to cry. A woman saw him drying and telling him to wait outside a shop. Five minutes later, Tony saw parents. Mom said,“How nice to see you again! Dad and I were te

22、rrible worried. ” Tony promised her that this would never happen again.2014年Nearly five years before, and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes（圣女果）in our back garden. Since then - for all these year - we had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.

23、As result, the plants are growing somewhere. The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste. There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors. Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems. We ar

24、e growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!2019年全国1卷I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident. One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly football feel just in front of me but almost hit me. I stopped the ball and kicked it

25、hardly back to the playground. To everyones surprising, the ball went into the net. All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. From now on, I started to play my football with classmates after school. I am a good player now. 2019全国2卷Since I was a k

26、id, Ive considered different job I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much. When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered mg goal or decided to b

27、e a doctor. They were two reasons for the decision. One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor. And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.2018年全国2卷When I was little， Fridays night was our family game night. After supper， we

28、 would play card games of all sort in the sitting room. As the kid， I loved to watch cartoons，but no matter how many times I asked to watching them， my parents would not to let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain. Still I unwilling to play the games for them sometime

29、s. I didnt realize how right my parents are until I entered high school. The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.2018年全国1卷My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that 1 love .Though not very big ,but the restaurant is popular in our are

30、a .It is always crowded with customers at meal times .Some people even had to wait outside My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short p

31、eriod of time. Instead,he hopes that our business will grow steady.2017年全国1卷In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructors orders, so once I started the car, m

32、y mind goes blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turning left!” I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.2017年全国2卷Mr. and Mrs.Zhang all work in our school.They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a h