非谓语动词用法总结.docx

1、非谓语动词用法总结非谓语动词用法总结非谓语动词是历年高考英语的重要考点之一，同时也是较难掌握的难点之一。它贯穿于英语学习和考试过程的始终。但是，只要认真分析、透彻理解、看透本质、准确把握，就一定能在高考中运筹帷幄，游刃有余。一非谓语动词区别简表 类别区别to dodoingdone含义主动被动同位或将来主动或（正在）进行被动或完成成分（名词）主语、宾语、表语（不定式）定语、状语、补语（动名词）主语、宾语、表语、定语（表用途）(现在分词)定语、状语、补语（过去分词）作定语、状语、补语、表语（多表状态）否定（not）to do(not)doing(not)done时态一般：to do进行：to b

2、e doing完成：to have done一般：doing进行：本身完成：having done（只作状语）一般：done进行：无完成：本身 语态一般被动：to be done 进行被动：to be being done完成被动：to have been done一般被动:being done 进行被动：being done完成被动： having been done本身作用作目的状语、条件状语、原因状语、结果状语 作时间状语、条件状语、原因状语、结果状语、方式状语、伴随状语、让步状语作时间状语、条件状语、原因状语、方式状语、伴随状语、让步状语二不定式的用法 不定式不可作谓语，但它可以有自己

3、的宾语、状语，构成不定式短语，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语（表用途）、状语或补足语。高考对不定式的考查主要有不定式的时态、语态、作用、否定、省略、连词不定式等。作主语不定式作主语表示具体的动作，通常指一件已知的事或目的。不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 eg:To say is a thing,to do is another.(说是一回事，做是另外一回事。)（2）不定式短语较长时，通常放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语。eg:It is important to learn English well.(学好英语是重要的。) It is necessary for us to do the

4、job well.(我们做好这项工作是必要的。)It is a great honor to be invited to give a speech here.(被邀请在这儿发表演讲是一个极大的荣幸。)2.作宾语（1）常只用不定式作宾语的动词有：want,wish,hope,long,expect,desire,intend,decide,ask,promise,aim,offer,agree,plan,learn,choose,refuse,fail,manage,pretend等。 eg:He refused to help me.(他拒绝帮助我.)She has agreed to co

5、me tomorrow.(他已同意明天来.)(2) 不定式较长时，作宾语，也可用it代替，放在后面。 eg;I find it difficult to do the job well.(3) “特殊疑问词不定式to do结构”具有名词特征，可作宾语。eg:She didnt know whether to go or not. They havent decided when and where to build the school.（4）不定式可作介but,except,besides(除之外)的宾语，介词前有实义动词do的任何一种形式，后边的不定式就无to,否则必带to。eg:I wa

6、nt to do nothing but play the computer games。 I have no choice but to wait。3.动词不定式作表语（1）不定式作表语放在be和其他系动词后，说明主语的内容。同样，“特殊疑问词不定式”具有名词特征，也可作表语。eg:My job is to sweep the floor. His goal was to enter the key university of Beijing.The first question is how to find a better way to learn English well. (2)不定

7、式作主语时，表语也必须为不定式，结构必须保持一致。eg:To see is to believe.(3)如果主语部分的谓语动词或非谓语动词是实义动词do的某种形式，那么作表语的不定式可以省去to.eg:The first thing to do is find her. The only thing he could do was tell the truth.4.不定式作定语不定式作定语常放在所修饰的名词或代词后。eg:I have something important to tell you.(不定式与被修饰名词构成被动关系。) His wish to an artist has nev

8、er come true.( 不定式与被修饰名词构成同位关系。) He is the right man to do the job. ( 不定式与被修饰名词构成主动关系。) The little girl was unhappy because she had no friends toplay with. ( 不定式与被修饰名词构成主动关系。)（注：若不定式为不及物动词，其后须加上相应的介词。)5.不定式作状语不定式作状语主要是表示目的、条件、原因和结果，可位于句首或句末，但句首时通常用逗号隔开。eg:We set off early that morning to catch the f

9、irst bus.（目的） To get a good result,she worked very hard.（目的） I feel it an honor to be invited to the party.(条件) She was very happy to get the first prize.(原因) He worked hard only to fail.(结果)(注：1.不定式常用在so as 或in order后,与它们一起作谓语，表示目的，但so as引起的不定式不可置于句首。eg:In order to avoid mistakes,check your homewor

10、k. 2.不定式表目的常和only连用，往往表示出乎意料的意想不到的不愿得到的结果。eg:He hurried to the station only to find the train had left.)3“形容词enough不定式”和“too形容词或副词（不表情感）不定式” 也可作结果状语。 eg:He is old enough to go to school. He is too weak to raise the stone.但“too表情感形容词（pleased,ready,glad,willing,anxious等）to do”表示肯定意义，too前面可用only,but等词修

11、饰。eg:They were (only) too anxious to leave.(他们只是太急于离开了。) She is (only) too pleased to go home.(她非常高兴可以回家了。)6.不定式作补语不定式作补语表示动作的完成。宾语与作补语的不定式之间是主动关系。（1）后接动词不定式作宾补的常见动词有：want,wish,expect,prefer,like,hate,ask,beg,request,require,beg,get,advise,persuade,invite,order,remind,permit,allow,send,callon,wouldl

12、ike/love,arrange for,depend on等。eg:She wanted me to arrive there early. Our headmaster call on us to work hard.（2）动词不定式可作感官动词（五看二听一感觉即：see,look at,watch,observe,notice，hear,listen to，feel）和使让动词（let,make,have等）后面的宾补时，不定式符号to要省略，但如果句子变被动结构，必须带to.表示动作的完成。eg:He made them climb the hill. They were made t

13、o climb the hill.(3)动词不定式可作形容词的补足语动词不定式可作形容词的补足语，句型为：(一)主语系动词表语（adj为convenient/easy/expensive/difficult/hard/impossible/pleasent等）to do.(注：to do常用主动表被动，其中do为vt,主语为to do的宾语。)（二）主语find/think/consider/believe等宾语adjto do.(注：其中to do常用主动表被动，其中do为vt,主语为to do的宾语。)：He is easy to fool （）“特殊疑问词不定式to do”具有名词特征，

14、可作宾补。(谓语动词多为show,know,teach,tell等。)eg:Ill tell you how to get there7不定式作评注性状语或插入语不定式可以作评注性状语或插入语,放在句子前面、中间或末尾。常见的有to be frank,to be honest,to tell the truth,to begin with，to start with,to be short等。eg:To begin with,I thinkyou are wrong.三动名词用法动名词具有动词和名词的特点，有一般式和完成式，有主动式和被动式，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语.否定形式在其前面加not

15、.（1）动名词作主语动名词作主语表示抽象动作，指一件已知的事或经验。eg:Driving a car on the crowded road is boring. Reading is my hobby.（2）常只用动名词作宾语的动词有：admit,avoid,appreciate,consider（考虑）dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,risk,resist,suggest等。eg:I cant imagine marrying her. She managed to escape being punished.以下动词词组后面只接动名词作宾语：give up,belong to,look forward to,keep on,insist on,be busy,