高考英语语法填空与短文改错知识点归纳总结含答案.docx

1、高考英语语法填空与短文改错知识点归纳总结含答案高考英语语法填空与短文改错知识点归纳总结（含答案）一、名词数语法填空1.(全国I卷62) This trend，. ，has had some unintended side62 (effect) such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing themedical community was trying to fight.解析：effects表达“某些意料外副作用”，故用复数。2.(全国II卷61) It ran for just under seven kilometers and all

2、owedpeople to avoid terrible 61 (crowd) on the roads.解析：crowds避免拥挤人群。3.(全国III卷67) She has turned down several 67 (invitation)to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.解析：invitations由前面several可知，要用复数形式。短文改错1.(全国I卷）The instructor kept repeating theword，“Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turn left

3、!”解析：word-*words背面有并列三句话，故word用复数words。2.(全国II卷）Besides，they often get some usefulinformationsfrom the Internet.解析：informations-information因information是不可数名词，没有复数形式。二、代词阅读理解Some of the worlds most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International

4、 Jazz Day.Despite the celebrations，though，in the U. S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older，and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.Its Jason Morans job to help changethat. As the Kennedy Centers artistic adviser for jazz，Moran hopes to widen the audience for jaz

5、z，make the music more accessible，and preserve its history and culture.29. What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A.Jazz becoming more accessible.B.The production of jazz growing faster.C.Jazz being less popular with the young.D.The jazz audience becoming larger.解析：指代前句中即前一段最后一句

6、中the music has failed to connect 6with younger generations,比较各选项，只有C对的。语法填空(全国II卷67) However，the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months，more than 25,000 people were using 67 every day.解析：it指代前句中the railway。短文改错1.(全国II卷)Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school.解析：all-*bot

7、h考查代词。因Mr. and Mrs. Zhang是两个人，而all是指三者或三者以上“都”，故改all为表达两者“都”both。2.(全国III卷）This picture often brings back to me many happy memories ofyourhigh school days.解析：youmy是“我”照片，应是“我”学生时代回忆美好事。(P171第二组第二篇)1 can climb the hills. All this will be interesting andgood foryourhealth. Above all，I can learn more a

8、bout nature.解析(P55)：yourmy由语境可知，应是对“我”身体有益。三、冠词语法填空1.(全国I卷65)As 65 result，people will eat more food to tryto make up for that something missing.解析：a因as a result固定短语。2.(全国III卷62) Instead，she is earning 6,500 a day as 62model in New York.解析：a表达职业单数可数名词前普通加不定冠词。3.(全国II卷64)This included digging up the r

9、oad，laying the track andthen building a strong roof over 64 top.解析：the特指这条路短文改错1.(全国1卷）I still remember how hard A first day was.解析：在first前加the或my在序数词前要用定冠词the，在本文语境里，也可用my,表达“我学习驾驶第一天”。2.(全国II卷）They live far from the school，and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.解析：a改成an

10、/one因half是以元音音素开头，表达数量“一”，要用an或one。3.(全国III卷)Around me in A picture are the things that were very important in my life at that time解析：在picture前加the或this特指上面提到这张照片。四、介词语法填空1.(全国I卷61) This trend，which was started by the medicalcommunity (医学界）61 a method of fighting heart disease，has had someunintended

11、 side effects such as overweight and heart disease.解析：as表达“作为”一种办法。2.(全国II卷62) . and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on theroads above as they travelled to and 62 work.解析：from因是固定搭配，表达“来回，来回”，to and from work意为“上下班”。3.(全国III卷68) After school she plans to take a year off to modelfull-time bef

12、ore going to university to get a degree 68 engineering orarchitecture.解析：in表达“某方面学位”用介词in。又如：take /get a degree in law获得法律学位。短文改错1.(全国I卷0) It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road.解析：on-*of考查介词。表达“在y中间”是in the middle of。2.(全国II卷6) They have also bought for some gard

13、ening tools.解析：for考查介词。因buy是及物动词，表达买某物，其后直接接宾语。3.(全国III卷1) When I look at this picture of myself I realize of how fast time flies.解析：删除realize后of因realize是及物动词，后直接接宾语从句，不再用介词of，故删除。五、并列连词短文改错1.(全国I卷）Before getting into the car，I thought I had learned the instructors orders，so once I started the car，m

14、y mind went blank.解析：so-*but /yet考查并列连词。先后是转折关系。2.(全国III卷）I have grown not only physically，and also mentally in the past few years.解析：andbut因not only. but also是固定搭配。六、从句连词定语从句语法填空1.(全国I卷70) Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(口乞;between meals and will improve the t

15、aste of your food.Like anything，it is possible to have too much of both，70 is not good forthe health.解析：which引导非限制性定语从句用which。2.(全国III卷64) But Sarah，64 has taken part in shows alongwith top models，wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.解析：who因谓语动词是背面want,因此两个逗号之间是一种定语从句，先行词是人又在从句中作主语，故

16、填who。短文改错1.(全国II卷)In their spare time，they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden,thatis on the rooftop of their house.解析：tha卜which考从句连词。引导非限制性定语从句不能用that，先行词garden是物，用which。2.(全国III卷）Around me in the picture are the thingstheywere very important in my life at that time.解析：they-*that/

17、which引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词是物，应用that或which。七、谓语动词时态语法填空1.(全国I卷67) Even worse，the amount of fast food that people eatgoes up. Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt.解析：is主第M称单词，由上下文可知用普通当前时，故填is。2.(全国II卷68) Later，engineers 68 (manage) to constructrailways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）which became know

18、n as the Tube. This development was only possible.解析：managed这是谓语动词，依照上下文谓语动词时态可知，也用普通过去时。3.(全国III卷69) My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at thatmoment，school 69 (come) first. I dont want to get too absorbed inmodeling.解析：comes由上下文时态可知，用普通当前时。短文改错(全国I卷4) Before getting into the car，I thou

19、ght I had learned the instructors orders，but once I started the car，my mindgoesblank.解析：goes-went上下文均为普通过去时。(全国II卷9) When summercame，they will invite their students.解析：came-*comes主句谓语动词will invite是普通将来吋，从句应用一般当前时，主语是第三人称单数，故填comes。(全国III卷2) I had grown not only physically，but also mentally in the pa

20、st few years.解析：had-*have因in the past few years常与当前完毕时连用，故改had为have。(全国III卷5) I entered my second year of high school andbecomea new member of the school music club.解析：become-*-became由and可知，become应与前面entered致，又由从句谓语was可知，用普通过去时。语态语法填空1.(全国I卷64)Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They ar

21、erequired to process the food that we eat. When fat and salt 64 (remove)from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something.解析：are removed表达“被移除”，上下文为当前时。2.(全国II卷65)Steam engines 65 (use) to pull the carriagesand it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers. However，the railway quickly

22、 proved to be a great success.解析：were used因与是被动关系，又是过去动作，故用普通过去时被动语态，主语是复数，填were used。3.(全国III卷63) Sarah 63 (tell) that she could be Britains newsupermodel，earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter，44，wants her to give up school.解析：has been told /was told由tell sb sth可知要用被动语态，由语境可知

23、，应是“己有人告诉她”或“曾有人告诉她”，故用当前完毕时或普通过去时被动语态。短文改错(全国III卷）About one month after this photo wastook，I entered my second year of high school.解析：took-*taken这是被动语态，应是was加take过去分词，而take过去分词是taken，故took改为taken。七、非谓语动词语法填空1. (全国I卷63)Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They arerequired 63 (process) th

24、e food that we eat，to recover from injury and forseveral other bodily functions.解析：to process由require sb to do sth可知，用不定式作主补。2.(全国III卷65) But Sarah，who has taken part in shows along with topmodels，wants 65 (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.解析：to improve由want to do sth.可知。3.(全国I卷68) Fast

25、food is full of fat and salt；by 68 (eat)more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.解析：eating在介词后作宾语要用动名词。4.(全国II卷63)This included digging up the road，63 (lay)the track and then building a strong roof.解析：laying与前面digging及背面and then building为并列关系，起作included宾语；依照“并列一致

26、”可知，也应用-ing形式，故填laying (铺)。5.(全国III卷61)But unlike her school friends，16-year-old Sarah is notspending half-term 61 (rest).解析：resting由spend. doing sth.可知。短文改错(全国II卷10) When summer come，they will invite their students A pick the fresh vegetables!解析：在pick前加to考查非谓语动词。由invite sb to do sth可知。八、词类转换语法填空1.(

27、全国II卷69)This development was only possible with the69 (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.解析：introduction作介词宾语要用名词或者在冠词the后要名词，表示“采用，引入”，故填introductiono2.(全国III卷66) She is determined to carry on with her 66(educate).解析：education作介词宾语或在形容词性物主代词后，要用名词。3.(全国1卷69)However，be 69 (care) not t

28、o go to extremes.解析：careful作表语要用形容词厂4.(全国II卷70) The Central London Railway was one of the most70 (success) of these new lines.解析：successful因the most successful为形容词最高档，背面省略了名词lines o5.(全国III卷70) It is 70 (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a littleunreal.解析：certainly修饰动词用副词，意为：这“固然是”有趣事。6. (全国II卷66)St

29、eam engines were used to pull the carriages and itmust have been 66 (fair) unpleasant for the passengers，with all thesmoke and noise.解析：fairly修饰形容词unpleasant，表达“相本地”，用副词fairly。短文改错*1.(全国I卷）It was a relief and I came to asuddenlystop just in the middle of the road.解析：suddenly-*sudden考查词类转换。在名词前作定语要用形

30、容词。2.(全国III卷）I enjoyed studyingdifferencekinds of cars and planes.解析：differencedifferent在名词前作定语要用形容词。八、比较级别语法填空(全国I卷66) Even 66 (bad)，the amount of fast food thatpeople eat goes up.解析：worse表达比这“更糟糕是”。短文改错1.(全国I卷）A few minuteslate，the instructor asked me to stop the car.解析：latelater考查比较级别。表达“多久后来”，是“时间段+later”。2.(全国II卷）They often get upearlierand water the vegetables together.解析：earlier-early考查比较级别。当没有比较对象时，用原级。3.(全国III卷）I enjoyed studying different kinds of cars and planes，playing pop music，and collecting the late music albums.解析：lat