高三英语第二轮复习考点 第8讲 单项选择非谓语动词精讲精炼.docx

1、高三英语第二轮复习考点 第8讲 单项选择非谓语动词精讲精炼2012届高三英语第二轮复习考点精讲精炼第8讲 单项选择非谓语动词非谓语动词的类别和句法功能 非谓语动词的时态和语态非谓语动词的固定搭配 非谓语动词逻辑主语的表达形式和否定形式非谓语动词和谓语动词的选择(延边F)经典易错题会诊(延边F)命题角度l(延边F)非渭语动词的类别和句法功能1. (延边F) (典型例题精选 ) I think you 11 grow him when you know him better. A. liking B. to be like C. to like D. to be liking (延边F) 考场错解

2、 A (延边F) 专家把脉 动词grow有“达到做某事的程度或地步”的含义，后面常接不定式。按照句意应该是“喜欢上他”的动词like而不是“像他”的介词like。 (延边F) 对症下药 C2. (延边F) (典型例题精选) It s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. the answers ready will be of great help. A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having (延边F) 考场错解A或B (延边F) 专家把脉 根据语境选用非谓语动词来充当主语。动名词做主语表

3、示一般的行为动作，而不定式做主语则表示具体的。动名词一般式所表示的动作与谓语所表示的动作同时发生或是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生。如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前则用动名词的完成式。显然，这里不符合完成式的含义。 (延边F) (延边F) 对症下药 D3. (典型例题精选 ) Oil prices have risen by 32 per cent since the start of the year, a record US $ 57.65 a barrel on April 4. A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to b

4、e reaching (延边F) 考场错解 C (延边F) 专家把脉 本题考查现在分词作结果状语的用法。现在分词作结果状语是表示自然而然的现象；不定式作结果状语是表示出乎意料的现象，因油价从年初已开始上升四月份时已达到了记录。因此应用现在分词作状语。 (延边F) 对症下药 B4. (延边F) (典型例题精选 cousin came to see me from the country. me a full basket of fresh fruits. A. brought B. bringing C. to bring D. had brought (延边F) 考场错解 A (延边F) 专家

5、把脉 本题考查现在分词做状语的用法。分词与主动词没有先后之分，为伴随状语。 (延边F) 对症下药 B5. (延边F) (典型例题精选 There have been several new events to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. A. add B. to add C. adding D. added (延边F) 考场错解 B (延边F) 专家把脉 本题考查过去分词短语做定语的用法，过去分词作定语有被动的含义。 (延边F) 对症下药 D6. (延边F) (典型例题精选Five people won the China s

6、 Green Figure award, a title to ordinary people their con tributions to environmental protection. A. being given B. is given C. given D. was given (延边F) 考场错解 B (延边F) 专家把脉 本题考查过去分词做定语的用法，同时考查了对句子结构的理解。a tifle是the“Chlnas Green Figure”award的同位语，动词give与title是被动关系。因此本题应选C。 (延边F) 对症下药 C7. (延边F) (典型例题精选on

7、t sit there _ nothing. Come and help me with this table. A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing (延边F) 考场错解 B (延边F) 专家把脉 现在分词做伴随状语，表示与动词sit同时发生。 (延边F) 对症下药 C(延边F)专家会诊非谓语动词句法功能的注意事项： 不定式 1(延边F)介词后的动词不定式只限于作介词except和but的宾语，此时except/but意为“除了，除去”。其主要搭配有： cannot help(choose)but+动词原形：不能不 do nothing but+动词原形：

8、只做 There is nothingto do but+动词原形：只有做 have no choice but to do：只有做 如： The last bus having gone，I coulddonothingbut go home on foot。(省略 to) I cannot choose lint tell him the truth(省略to) She could do nothing but leave(省略抛) I have no choice but to cry(不能省略to) 2(延边F)不定式作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。如果作定语

9、的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是其动作的地点、工具等，不定式后须有相应的。介词。但名词way除外。如： He is not a man to tell lies(主谓关系) The boy has a nice pen to write with We found a way to solve this problem(in) 通常使用不定式作定语的情况有：(1)不定式表示将来；(2)用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no， all，any等限定词的中心词。(3)用来修饰一些抽象名词，常见的有：ability，disability，chance，idea， fact，eXCUSe，

10、promise，answer，reply，attempt，be her，way，reason，time等。如：During my holiday I burrowed some books to read(表将来) She Was the first woman to Will the gold medal in the 0lvmpic Games(有序数词修饰) I have no chance to escape(修饰抽象名词) Do you havethe abilityto read French?(修饰抽象名词) 3(延边F)不定式作状语时可以表示目的、原因、结果。表示目的时可用in

11、 order to，so as to换用。如： He sat down to have a rest(表目的) He woke up to find everybody gone(表结果) Im very pleased to hear from him(表原因，主要是表示喜、怒、哀、乐) He Was too excited to say a word(表程度) He is old enough to go to school(表程度) 过去分词、不定式和现在分词的被动式作定语的区别： 这三种形式作定语，主要是体现在动作发生的时间上的区别。过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语所表示的动作之前或是没有

12、一定的时间性；现在分词的被动式作定语时表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；不定式的被动式作定语时，表示一个未来的动作。如： The bridge to be built is named Stone in honor of the hero(将要修建的) The bridgebeingbuiltis named Stone in honor of the hero(正在修建的) The bridge built is named Stone in honor of the hero(已经修建了的) Have you read the novel written by Dick

13、ens?(在谓语之前) He is a teacher loved and respected by all students(没有时间性) Listen!The song sung is very popular with the young men(表正在)The questiontion to be discussed at the Sunday meet ing is very important(表将来) 在英语中，表示“感觉状态”的动词现在分词和过去分词形式作表语和定语时，现在分词表示“令人感到”，指主语或被修饰的词给人的感觉；过去分词表示“感到”，指主语或被修饰的词本身的感觉。如

14、： interesting令人感兴趣的：interested感到有兴趣的 exciting令人感到激动的；excited感到激动的 shocking令人感到震惊的；shocked感到震惊的 过去分词、不定式和现在分词作宾语补足语的区别： 1(延边F)感官动词(see，look at，watch，notice，obselwe，hear，listen to，feel)和使役动词(have，lel， make)后的宾补有三种形式，即原形动词(不带to的不定式)，现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示主动和正在进行，过去分词表示被动完成，不定式表示主动和完成。注意：make不能接现在分词作宾补。如： l h

15、eard her sing a Chinese song jut now(表示主动，完成) I heard her singing a Chinese song when I passed her room last night(表示正在进行) I heard the Chinese song sung many times(表示被动) The captain got/have the soldiers moving to- ward the front after a shon rest(不能用make) 注意：不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表示完成和状态。如： I looked down at

16、 my neck and found my necklace gone(表示状态) I Was surprised to find my hometown chanoed a lot(表示完成) 2(延边F)动词leave后接三种形式作宾补时，表达的具体含义是“使处于某种状态”。如： lt is wrong for you to leave the machine run- ning(主动，正在进行) The guests left most of the dishes untouched。(被动，完成) My workmate left,leaving me to do all the re

17、st work(主动，将来) My workmate left1eaving all the rest work to be done(被动，将来) 过去分词和现在分词作状语的区别： 1(延边F)一般来说，过去分词表示被动完成的动作，现在分词表示主动进行的动作。如： Seen from a distance the mountain looked like a man Seeing the mountain，he always thinks of his hometown 2(延边F)现在分词的被动一般式表示正在进行的被动动作，过去分词表示被动完成的动作。如： Being belped by

18、the teacher，she will leam English well HelPed by the teacher, she has learned English well. 3(延边F)现在分词的被动完成式表示先于谓语动词发生的动作，过去分词所表示的动作，有时发生在谓语动词之前，有时与谓语动词同时发生，有时表示未来的被动动作或状态。如： Having been used for a long time, the watch needs to be mended. Used in this way, the word shouldn t be taken as a verb. Give

19、n more time, we will finish the work peffectly. 垂悬分词作状语 垂悬分词是现在分词一种特殊用法，其逻辑主语是句子非主语部分中指人或物的某一名词或代词，或泛指“我们”。如： Searehing along the street， it had taken him a long time to find a clinie(searching的逻辑主语是句中him所指的人) Walking or sleeping，this subjeet is always in my mind(walking or sleeping的逻辑主语是句中my所指的“我”)

20、 Using the eleetric energy，it is necessary to change its form(using的逻辑主语泛指“我们”)(延边F)考场思维训练1 (延边F) When last valuable, those books enjoyed great Success. A. finding B. foundC. being found D. to be found1B解析：相当于when last the books were found valuable。2 (延边F) How pleased the detective was what his cust

21、omer told him ! A. hearing B. to hearC. heard D. to hearing2B解析：be pleased to do sth3 (延边F) Ill thank you my affairs alone. I will. It is none of my business. A. to have left B. for leavingC. to leave D. for having left3c解析：这里不是thank you for(doing)sth结构，是谢谢的前提。(延边F)命题角度2(延边F)非谓语动词的时态和语态1. (延边F) (典型例

22、题精选 ) Is Bob still performing? I m afraid not. He is said the stage already as he has become an official. A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left(延边F) 考场错解C或B(延边F) 专家把脉 从句意判断，动作leave后有already修饰，应当用完成式；其逻辑主语是he，不存在被动，故选项 A最佳。 (延边F) 对症下药 A2. (延边F) (典型例题精选) in the mountains for a

23、 week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. A. Having lost B. Lost CBeing lost DLosing (延边F) 考场错解 A (延边F) 专家把脉 受到for a week的影响，考生容易误选 A。这里非谓语动词的逻辑主语是the two students，而 lose是及物动词，应当用被动来表示，或是lose oneself结构。选项A如果改成Having been lost也是正确答案。 (延边F) 对症下药 B3. (延边F) (典型例题精选 ) I send you 100

24、 dollars today, the rest in a year. A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed (延边F) 考场错解 A (延边F) 专家把脉 本题很容易误选A，把它当作谓语动词。句意是“今天我送你100美元，其余的等一年之后”，相当于定语从句which will follow it的省略。这里动词follow是指“某事在时间或空间上在其他事物之后”的含义。 (延边F) 对症下药 C4. (延边F) (典型例题精选Police are now searching for a woman who is repor

25、ted to _ since the flood hit the area last Friday. A. have been missing B. have got lost C. be missing D. get lost (延边F) 考场错解 B (延边F) 专家把脉 由since引出的短语可判定用不定式的完成结构，由句意知，“还没有找到那位妇女”，故应用完成进行结构，选A。 (延边F) 对症下药 A5. (延边F) (典型例题精选) from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and a

26、nimals not found in any other county in the world. A. Being separated B. Having separated C. Having been separated D. To be separated (延边F) 考场错解A或B (延边F) 专家把脉 从题意看，澳大利亚与其他大陆分开有很多年了，动作发生在谓语动作之前，又是被动关系，用现在分词的完成被动式是最合适的. (延边F) 对症下药 C6. (延边F) (典型例题精选 AIDS is said the biggest health challenge to both men

27、 and women in that area over the past few years. A. that it is B. to be C. that it has been D. to have been (延边F) 考场错解 B (延边F) 专家把脉 本题考查的句型结构中，常用不定式，由句中over the past few years可知，不定式表示的动作先于主句动作，因此选不定式的完成时形式，D项正确。 (延边F) 对症下药 D7. (延边F) (典型例题精选 The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing

28、in 2008. A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held (延边F) 考场错解 A (延边F) 专家把脉 从题意看，the 29th Olymple Games还没举办，又是被动关系，选D。 (延边F) 对症下药 D(延边F)专家会诊1 (延边F)动词不定式的时态和语态 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，一般使用不定式的被动语态，形式有一般式和完成式(进行式没有被动式)。如： Her father disappeared，never to be heard from again(hearfrom和his father之间是被动关系) r

29、he book is said to have been translated into many languages(translate和the book之间是被动关系) 注意：不定式中使用主动代替被动的情况： (1)不定式与所修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，往往用主动形式。如： I havent got a key to unlock the door(to unlock the door的逻辑主语是a key) (2)不定式与所修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和主语构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。如： I havent got a book to read(I为不定

30、式的逻辑主语，a book为不定式的逻辑宾语) (3)不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句中的主语构成了逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式多用主动，实际上形容词后省略了for one或for people。如：The book is difficult (for me) to understand. He is hard (for me) to work with. (4)在there be结构中，如果考虑必须有人去完成某事时，用主动；如果强调事情本身必须完成时，用被动。如： There is a 10t of work to be done(工作被做) There is a 10t ofwork to do

31、(需要人去做) 2，(延边F)动名词的时态和语态 动名词一般式所表示的动作与谓语所表示的动作同时发生或是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生。如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用动名词的完成式。如果动名词的逻辑主语是动名词动作的承受者，这时用动名词的被动式。如： We are interested inplayingchess(同时) She is looking forward to hearing from you again(之后) lm sorry for not having kept my promise(之前) The little boy was afraid of being left at home alone(被动) The house showed no