1、tododoing和done作补语的比较to do、doing和done作补语的比拟一、在介词with后作宾补的非谓语动词形式1.with+宾+done,表示宾语与过去分词在逻辑上是被动关系,且意味着该动作已经完成或无时间性;2.with+宾+doing,表示宾语与现在分词在逻辑上是主动关系,且表示动作的持续进展;3.with+宾+to do,那么表示将来的动作,宾语与不定式在逻辑上可以是主动关系也可以是被动关系,注意此时的不定式不是作宾补而是作宾语的定语了。如:1.The murderer was brought in, with his hands _behind his back. (全
2、国卷)A. being tied B. having tiedC. to be tied D. tied【分析】答案选D。his hand与tie是被动关系,且带进时应己捆绑好了,表示“被动、完成用过去分词作宾补。2.With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. (春)A. settled B. settingC. to settle D. being settled【分析】答案选C。由语境可知,问题还没有解决,用不定式指将来的动作。3.Peter soon fell
3、 asleep with the light still burn.【分析】彼得很快睡着了,灯仍然亮着。burning表示持续进展。二、其宾语后可用分词或不定式的4个动词在leave, want, get, have等动词的宾语后面可接doing、done或to do。现分述如下:leavedoing让一直(主动、持续进展);leaveto do让去做(主动、将来);leavedone(被动)。如:1Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teeth. (卷)A. run B. runningC. being run D. to run【分析】答
4、案选B。the water与run是主动关系,又表示持续进展,用现在分词作宾补。2Leave the door firmly fasten让门紧闭着; 3Leave her (do) as she likes让她去做她喜欢做的事。KEY: fastened、to dowant sb. doing希望某人做某事(多用于否认);want sb. to do要某人做某事;want sth. done=want sth. to be done(被动)。如:1I dont want you (arrive) late. 2I want the letter (open) now. 3The boss w
5、anted his workers (finish) the job by Friday.KEY: arriving/(to be) opened/ to finishget sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事(主动、将来); getdoing使处于某一状态中(主动、持续); getdone=have sth. done请人做 / 遭受(被动)。如:1)Ill try to get her _ the doctor. (卷)A. see B. seeingC. to see D. for seeing【分析】答案选C。get sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事。请比拟:2)Th
6、e teacher got the children talking.让孩子说起话来;get the computer repaired将电脑送去修理;get his wrist broken折断了手腕。have sth. done=get sth. done请人做某事; have sb / sth. doing sth. 使某人/某物一直做某事或者处于某种状态;have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事(见使役动词);have sth. to do有事要做(见非谓语动词作定语局部)。如:1.She had her audience listening attentively. 他使观众听
7、得入神。2.He didnt keep on asking me the time any longer as he had had his watch _. (卷)A. to repair B. repairedC. repairing D. repair【分析】答案选B。his watch与repair是被动关系,用过去分词作宾补。三、可用分词但不用to do作补语的5个动词keep, find等后可用现在分词(主动)或过去分词(被动)作补语,一般不用to do。在catch(撞见), smell(闻到), start(使)等后通常只接现在分词作补语,不用不定式或过去分词。如:1.It w
8、as so cold that they kept the fire _ all night. (全国卷)A. to burn B. burntC. burning D. burned【分析】答案选C。keepdoing让一直保持某种状态:让那盆火整夜燃着。2.A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. (全国卷)A. smoke B. smokingC. to smoke D. smoked【分析】答案选B。find后一般不能用to do作补语。he与smoke是主动的,用ing形式作主语补语。3.He
9、looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. (卷)A. put B. to be puttingC. to put D. putting【分析】答案选D。后通常只接现在分词作补语,catch sb. doing sth. 撞见某人在做某事。4.The salesman scolded the girl caught _ and let her off. (全国卷)A. to have stolen B. to be stealingC. to steal D. stealing【分析】答案选
10、D。caught stealing=who was caught stealing,本句相当于:The salesman caught the girl stealing. He scolded her and then let her off. 四、可用to be或to have done作补语的9个动词在表示“认为的think, consider, believe, suppose, prove, find, understand, judge, imagine等动词后,可跟to be作补语(认为是),一般不跟to do;但在think, consider, believe等之后可跟to
11、have done作补语(认为做了)。如:Charles Babage is generally considered _ the first computer. (全国卷)A.to have inventedB.inventingC.to inventD.having invented【分析】答案选A。此题是consider sb. to have done的被动式。make oneself 后常用understood等过去分词作宾补make oneself understood / heard / seen / known让别人明白自己的意思 / 让自己讲的话被别人听到 / 让自己被别人看
12、到 / 让自己被别人认识。如:1.The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself _. (全国卷)A. hear B. to hearC. hearing D. heard【分析】答案选D。make himself heard让他讲的话被别人听到。2.Helen had to shout _ above the sound of the music. (XX卷)A. making herself hear B. to make herself hearC. making herself heard D. to make h
13、erself heard【分析】答案选D。使自己讲的话被别有听到,用make oneself heard,排除A和B;作目的状语用不定式,排除C。在be said / reported等后用不定式在be said, be reported, be believed, be supposed, be thought等后面,以与要求接不定式。1.He was reported to have broken the world record. 据报道他打破了世界纪录。(=It is reported that he has broken the world record. )2.The flu is
14、 believed _ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. (卷)A. causeB. being causedC. to be caused D. to have caused【分析】答案选C。be believed后要接动词不定式,排除A和B;又因为the flu与cause是被动关系,所以要用不定式的被动式。The flu is believed to be caused=It is believed / People believe that the flu i
15、s caused人们认为3.Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. (全国卷)A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying【分析】答案选A。由studied可知,他曾到国外留过学,“留学这个动作已完毕并发生在谓语动作(is said)之前,所以要用完成式。Robert is said to have studied abroad=It is said that Robert studied abroad据说
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