第九届初中生科普英语竞赛辅导材料.docx

1、第九届初中生科普英语竞赛辅导材料 Company number：【0089WT-8898YT-W8CCB-BUUT-202108】第九届初中生科普英语竞赛辅导材料第九届初中生科普英语竞赛辅导材料1 An Animal that Sees with Its Earsecholocationeku lukein n. 回声定位能力, 回声定位法eyesight asat n. 视力object bdikt n. 物体宾语从句 Scientists now know that bats see by using what we call echolocation.表语从句 Here is how i

2、t works.It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth. It is almost impossible to trick them.use their eyesight to hunt for foodcertain bats: some batsmake a soundsend out sound wavesa fraction of a sound later: in a short timenot onlybuteven though: even if 即使without any troublemore importantlycatch it in mid-a

3、irtell v. 判断something good to e2Fish with flashlights现在完成时 have+过去分词 Have you ever heard of a fish with flashlight现在完成进行时 Have you ever been sitting at home when the electricity went off现在分词doing，具有形容词或副词的特点，可以做定语、状语、补语、表语。如： There is a man standing there.（后置定语） Being ill today, I wont come.（原因状语）I

4、see him standing there. （补语） He is speaking. （表语）（注意它和动名词做表语的区别，记住动名词是个名词性成分）the 比较级+the 比较级 越就越.The darker the surroundings, the brighter the glow appears to be.定语从句These bacteria produce certain chemicals that give off a faint glow.Some of these fish have special shutters over the pouches in which

5、 these bacteria live.Other scientists think that the fish use these flashlights to attract smaller fish which they eat as food.There may be other reasons for this special flashlight that we have not yet discovered.Key structures and Phrases被动语态 be+过去分词 Sometimes the fish do not want to be seen, so t

6、hey simply close these shutters.This keeps the glow from being seen.(the electricity) go off ：go out / have a black outgive off lightpretty scary: very scarysearch for: look forasasto a depth of 到达的深度once 一旦pitch-black adj.漆黑的, 墨黑的have the ability to = be able tokeep from doing sth. =stop from doing

7、 sth.at other times = on other occasionsallow sb. to do sth.a colony of thousands of bacteria 聚集着成千上万的细菌give off a faint glow= give off faint light3 Penguins- perfect parentssurvive svaiv v. 生存,生还amazing meizi 惊人的，惊奇的形容词最高级 the most amazing animalsone of the coldest places on Earth虚拟语气 If their eggs

8、 were left on the ice, they would freeze solid!被动语态 be left定语从句 They return to the icy shore where the mother lays one very large egg.make their home in the Antarctic 在南极安家not onlybut also =not only but. as wellsurvive the bitter cold 在严寒的环境中生存make perfect parents=be perfect parentsspend(in) doing s

9、th.at the start of winternothing but= onlya fold of feathered skinroll ontostay behindbe full offeed withcare for = take care of = look aftergo back to the seatake turns doing sth.轮流, 依次做某事one parent, the other. 一个，另一个联系动词-stay+形容词 stay gone表示状态和状态的持续,如: be(是), seem(似乎), look(看起来), appear(似乎), feel(

10、觉得), sound(听起来), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), keep(保持), remain(保持), stand(站立), lie(躺), stay(停留)等。表示从一种状态转变为另一种状态,如:become(变成), go(变得), get(变得), turn(变成), grow(变成), fall(变成某种状态), come(成为), run(变成)等。4 What! A meat- eating plant!herbivorous h:bivrs a. 食草性的carnivorous k:nivrs a. 食肉性的the pitcher plant pit 猪笼草

11、sundew sn,du: n. 毛膏菜be composed of kmpuzd 由.组成slippery slipri a. 滑的rim rim n. （尤指圆形物的）边缘preventfrom doing sth. 防止做某事nectar nekt n. 花蜜projection prdekn n. 突起，突状物suffocate sfkeit v. 使窒息fearfully fifli adv. 可怕地定语从句Those that eat plants; and those that eat meat.People in Asia could tell you about the pi

12、tcher plant, which is shaded with bright red color and produces a honey-like juice that attracts insects.The fluid then suffocate the insect, which gradually is digested by the plant.divide into 把分成believe it or not 信不信由你，不管你是否相信for example：for instance 例如tell sb. about sth.is shaded with 掩映在.之中（被动语

13、态）be composed of 由.构成extremely slippery=very slipperylean over 弯下身子，俯身于之上lose ones footing 失足at the bottom of 在.的底部drown the insect 将昆虫淹死 draundigest. as food for the plant 将它作为植物的美食消化掉secrete a sticky substance sikri:t 分泌一种粘稠的物质preventfrom doing sth. 防止做某事struggle to free itself 挣扎着想飞走adapt to 适应5

14、Light night, dark starshaze heiz n. 薄雾artificial ,:tifil adj. 人造的surround sraund vt. 包围, 环境be surrounded by 被.环绕invisible invizbl adj. 看不见的, 无形的disorient dis:rint vt. 使失去方向感, 使迷惑efficient Ifint adj. (直接)生效的, 有效率的, 能干的energy-efficient a. 节能的shielding i:ldi n. 护罩blind n.(pl.) 百叶窗，窗帘internal a. 内在的，内部的

15、形容词、副词比较级more wisely and with less wasteeven worse/ far more difficulton a clear night 在一个晴朗的晚上block the view 挡住视线see. from afar 从远处看witness light pollution 见识光污染be made up of 由.组成makeeven worse 使. 更严重this haze of light 这团光雾make it far more difficult for sb. to do sth. it 为形式宾语depend on 依靠，依赖guide t

16、hem into the water 指路回到水中end up doing sth. 以结束Key structures and Phraseshead towardby mistake 错误地朝着走lit-up parking lots 灯火通明的停车场It is estimated that 据估计preventfrom doing sth.in use 使用中encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事motion-sensor lights 感应灯energy-efficient light bulbs 节能灯泡shine skyward 向天空照可修饰比较级的词1

17、）a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语3）以上词(除by far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面6 Dont eat that sandwich!contaminate kntmineit v. 弄脏，污染bacteria bktiri n. 细菌vomit v?mit v.呕吐diarrhea ,dairi n. 痢疾,腹泻organism ?:?niz?m ? n. 有机体，有机组织sympt

18、om simptm n. 症状Salmonella slmnel n. 沙门氏菌thoroughly ?r?li? ad. 彻底地，完全地attach to tt 附在.上in the rush to do sth.急匆匆地做某事throw it away 扔掉follow a rule 遵循规则single celled organisms 单细胞有机体cause illnesses: cause diseasescommon symptoms 常见的症状food borne bacteria食物上滋生的细菌 （bear- bore- born/borne）make people sicke

19、arlier this year 今年年初attach to 附在上according to 根据，据说carry out a series of experiments 开展一系列实验it takes sb. some time to do sth.toss it out 把它丢弃, 扔掉be careful (not) to do sth. 当心（别）做某事at the manufacturing plant 在生产厂家 mnjufktbe found in raw eggs and chicken 被动语态raw- cooked 反义词cook thoroughly 烧熟 tip n.

20、提示, 技巧动名词-动词原形+ing构成，具有名词，动词一些特征Being a good housekeeper is a second tip for preventing infection.动名词：动名词在形式上和现在分词相同，然而现在分词具有形容词或副词的特点；而动名词具有名词的特点，在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语或介词的宾语。和你一起工作是一种乐趣。 （主语）Seeing is believing.眼见为实。（主语）Another goal was ending the chaos in the country. 另一个目标是结束国家的混乱状态。（表语）My job is teachi

21、ng.我的工作是教学。（表语）Her shoes wants mending. 她的鞋该修理了。（宾语）I have finished writing this book.我已经写完这本书了。 (宾语)She left without saying good-bye to us.她没有向我们告别就走了。（介词宾语）My brother is fond of skating. 我弟弟喜欢滑冰（介词宾语）Thank you for giving me some help. 谢谢你给我些帮助。 (介词宾语)Being a good housekeeper is a second tip for pr

22、eventing infection.7. A different way to wake upassignment sainmnt n. 作业halogen hldn n. 卤素cured kjud a. 腌制的clang kl v. 发出当当声strip strip n. 条preserved priz:vd a. 保鲜的spoil spil v. 坏掉nostril nstril n. 鼻孔beep bi:p n. 喇叭work on a degree in art and technology 攻读艺术与技术学位in electronic class 在电子班create someth

23、ing for the household 开发一个家居用品an alarm clock 闹铃deal withwake up to 被.叫醒instead of 替代clanging 发出当当声的rather than 而不是There is no danger of burning 不会有失火的危险use for doing sth. = use to do sth. 用来做某事turn off automatically 自动熄灭（关闭）a couple of(= several) frozen strip 几条速冻的肉the night before 前一天晚上spoil v. 坏掉，

24、腐坏set the alarm for 把闹钟设在(几点)under the halogen bulbsblow the scent out 把香味吹出smell yourself awake 烤肉的香味把自己叫醒on the side 边上的被动语态 be+过去分词Just a few easy steps are required to set the alarm.8. Europe tops the world charts for quality of lifetop n.盖，加以顶，高达，超越chart 图表，这里指排行榜quality of life 生活质量showas显示为ti

25、e n.（投票等的）同数，（比赛时）同分，平局；v. 不分胜负tying tie的ing形式criteria kraitirin.标准key criteria 关键的（主要的）评选标准be lacking in “缺乏”magnify mgnifai v.放大，扩大scrape skreip v.刮擦，摩擦，“触地”stakes n.木桩，“方面”knock into把打入、击入dominate dmineit v. 支配, 占优势rank rk n. 排名 v. 排列,归类于,列于annual njul a. 每年的;全年的consultancy knsltnsi n. 顾问retain r

26、itein vt. 保持, 保留distinction distinkn n. 声望Brazzaville brzvil 布拉柴维尔Congo kngu 刚果in which to live用来修饰先行词cityZurich zurik n. 苏黎世Vancouver vnku:v 温哥华(加拿大一港市)Vienna vienn. 维也纳(奥地利首都)be used to 被用于desirability di,zairbilti n.愿望, 需求v. desire 渴望 -able 形容词后缀 -ability 能力natural and socio-cutural environment s

27、iu 自然人文环境recreation rekriei()n 娱乐，消遣equal with 与.相等，与.并列senior researcher si:nj 高级研究员basic comforts of life 基本的生活舒适度hygiene haidi:n n. 卫生personal safety 个人安全differentiators difrni,eit 差距developing countries 发展中国家developed countries 发达国家instability n.不稳定性stable a. 稳定的-stability n.稳定性- instabilityroun

28、d out 充实，还有，丰满in the environmental stakes 在环境方面pollution-choked 城市污染严重的 choke窒息Frankfurt frnkft 法兰克福Helsinki helsiki 赫尔辛基Auckland :klnd 奥克兰Copenhagen ,kupnheign 哥本哈根Ouagadougou wa:gdu:gu:瓦加杜古Burkina Faso b:kin fsu布基纳法索（非洲国家）Baghdad bgdd巴格达Calgary klgri 卡尔加里Mexico City meksiku 墨西哥被动语态 be+过去分词 was use

29、d as/ were used to/ is magnified by现在完成时have/has+过去分词 Though the worlds living standards have risen slightly since last year, rise- rose risen 上升用于现在完成时的词：already, yet, ever, never, before, just, lately, up to now, up till now, now, so far, for+一段时间, since+时间点, three times.9. Skip the milk chocolate, dark is better for youskip 跳过bonbon bnbn 糖果be better