四级听力分析与技巧.docx

1、四级听力分析与技巧 综述三个关系、三项准备、四项注意、四项命题原则 一、【三个关系】阅读；写作；速记 二、【三项准备】硬件、软硬件、软件 硬件-工具准备：证件文具收音机吃饭睡觉。 软硬件-词汇准备：听力专门词汇。 软件-心理：自信；放松 三、【四项注意】 把握节奏： 走出误区：听力考试中最忌讳的就是斤斤计较(词词计较)，力求听懂所有词。其实，听懂所有词不必要也不可能。 克服紧张： 边听边记：速记。 四、【四项命题原则】 强调、转折、因果、首尾句 强调原则：对于讲话的人或者作者刻意强调的信息，命题的可能性很大。强调的方式包括：1.使用具有增加信息接受方注意力功能的词汇，例如most, only,

2、 just,等等；2.使用特殊结构及句式，例如比较级、最高级、asas结构、not soas结构、different from、similar to、强调结构、否定结构、感叹句、if丛句、完成进行时态、asas possible、make it clear that、you can imagine that、dont forget that等结构；3.含有数字、时间及相关词汇的句子，例如first(start, pioneer), second, millions of, figure, many，one day, years ago, today等等；4.重复和自问自答；5.引用：语气语调一

3、般会有明显的变化。 因果原则: 含有表示因果关系的词汇的句子，命题的可能性很大，这些词汇包括because, why, reason, so, as a result, as a sign of, thanks to, therefore, due to等等。 转折原则: 含有表示转折关系的词汇的句子，命题的可能性很大，这些词汇包括but, however, whereas, otherwise, unfortunately, yet等等。 首尾句原则: 对于B部分的大多数文章来讲，首句和末句都很重要，出题的可能性很大，有约30%的篇章题题目的答案，可以通过首末句得出。一 短对话一、题型分析二

4、、场景分析三、选项技巧四、其他提示 一、【题型分析】 1、原因考查， W: Bob said that Seattle is a great place for conferences.M: He is certainly in the position to make that comment. He has been there so often.Q: What does the man say about? 2005-6（6） 2、建议句型W: Carol told us on the phone not to worry about her. Her left leg doesnt h

5、urt as much as it did yesterday. M: Shed better have it examined by a doctor anyway. And Ill call her about it this evening.Q: What does the man think Carol should do? 2005-12(1) 3、反问句式W: I just read in the newspaper that Lord of the Rings is this years greatest hit. Why dont we go and see it at the

6、 Grand Cinema?M: Dont you think that cinema is a little out of the way?Q: What does the man mean? 2005-6(5) 4、转折变化M: Hi, Melissa, hows your project going? Have you thought about going to graduate school? Perhaps you can get into Harvard.W: Everything is coming along really well. Ive been thinking ab

7、out graduate school. But Ill talk to my tutor Dr. Garcia first and see what she thinks.Q: What do we learn about the woman from the conversation? 2005-12(3) 5、场景考查W: Wow, I do like this campus. All the big trees, the green lawns, and the old buildings with tall columns. Its really beautiful.M: It su

8、re is. The architecture of these buildings is in the Greek style. It was popular in the 18th century here.Q: What are the speakers talking about? 2005-6(9) 二、【场景分析】 常见的场景举例： 校园类（1）作业、学习场景。作业包括assignment，paper，essay，presentation，experiment等形式，一般作业多，作业难，资料又难查。（2）课程及考试场景。课程（course）一般很难，very challenging

9、；考试也很难，女生比男生用功，考的好，还很爱帮助男生上进。女性优势原则（3）授课场景。教授的课（含lecture，presentation等）讲的极为枯燥，很难听懂，但是学生却对教授评价甚高；（4）图书馆: 欲借之书借不到；要还之书已过期。renew; overdue（5）演讲: (speech, address, report) 提问难；很紧张(feeling nervous)；着装应正式。 衣食住行（1）事故场景。学生一般命很大，遇到交通事故甚至坠机事故，往往车毁而人不亡，毫发无损或受轻伤。否则无法讲话了 （2）飞机、火车都晚点，想要买票票卖完。接人晚；送人很伤感。登机board airp

10、lane；头等舱first class经济舱economy class/安全带seat belt，land(降落)；wing(1.附楼 2.机翼)；terminal 1.终端 2.终点站 3.候机厅（3）餐厅校内食堂cafeteria；订台make a reservation/book/reserve a table；menu；order；豪华餐厅:fancy restaurant；盘子plate；一人一份helpings 其它（1）找工作场景。工作难找，面试准备要做好。（2）看演出，人多票难买。（3）打电话: 找人人不在；约会去不了；电话不通或错号。教授、医生、学生都很忙。（4）医院: 医生

11、难找；病情诉说；有病耽搁。（5）交费: 交通费fare; 租金rent; 杂费fee; 水电费utilities; 邮费postage; 学费tuition；学杂费tuition fee；罚款:fine 总结：在四级听力中，各场景中往往出现一些问题或麻烦。 就考试技巧而言，备考短对话应该从考点着手，把握听力中的关键小词（转折、因果、时间、暗示等）、加强对关键句型敏感度（反问、建议等）、忽略次要信息与混淆内容（反意疑问、量词、特殊疑问等）、积累相关场景词汇（家庭、学习、生活、工作、娱乐、用餐、天气、购物、医疗、交通等）。 三、【选项技巧】 “五保”: 相关保留、异项保留、女士保留、概括或抽象保留

12、、态度或虚拟保留 相关保留原则 当选项中有两项表达意思相近时，那么正确答案往往在这两项之中。1999-12(4). A) Visiting the Browning. B) Writing a postcard.来源： C) Looking for a postcard. D) Filling in a form.原文4. M: Whats the matter? Youve been sitting there for ages, just staring into space.W: I told the Browning Id send them a postcard. Now I don

13、t know what to say.Q: Whats the woman doing? 异项保留原则 仔细分析选项后发现，四个选项中有两个选项在事实判断、情况陈述、态度表达方面明显相悖时，即刻判断为对立选项，将两项保留，其余两项排除，题目成功率提高50如果出现双重异项，那么即可判断出正确答案。1999-12(6). A) She cant finish her assignment, either. B) She cant afford a computer right now. C) The man can use her computer.来源：考试大 D) The man should

14、 buy a computer right away.M: Im frustrated. Were supposed to do our assignment on the computer, but I have difficulty getting access to the computers in the library.W: I understand the way you feel. Im looking forward to the day when I can afford to get my own.Q: What does the woman mean? 女士保留原则199

15、9-12*9. A) The man should stick to what hes doing. B) The man should take up a new hobby. C) The man should stop playing tennis. D) The man should find the cause for his failure.M: I think Im going to give up playing tennis. I lost again today.W: Just because you lost? It that the reason to quit?Q:

16、What does the woman imply? 概括、抽象保留原则 7. A) The visiting economist has given several lectures. B) The guest lecturers opinion is different from Dr. Johnsons. C) Dr. Johnson and the guest speaker were schoolmates. D) Dr. Johnson invited the economist to visit their collegeM: The visiting economist is

17、speaking tonight, but Dr. Johnson doesnt seem to think much of him.W: Thats because Dr. Johnson comes from an entirely different school of thought.Q: What do we learn from the womans remark? 态度和虚拟保留原则 四、【其他提示】but、条件句、冷门 注意but后面的信息。1）数字计算题：W: How much time did you have for writing the paper?M: We wer

18、e given three hours, but I finished it in less than half the time.Q: How long did it take the man to write his paper?2）因果关系题此类题中，but后面常常跟着说话人提出做或不做某事的原因。比如回应对方的邀请时，说话人常常会这样表达：Id love to, but I have to get this reading out of my way. 这句话中，说话人没有直接拒绝，但使用but委婉地提出不去的理由。3）请求建议题M: It seems that well have a

19、nother fine day tomorrow. Lets go to the seaside.W: OK, but well have to leave very early or else well get caught in the traffic.Q: What does the woman mean?4）观点态度题M: How did you like yesterdays play?W: Generally speaking, it was quite good. The part of the secretary was played wonderfully. But I th

20、ink the man who played the boss was too dramatic to be realistic.Q: How does the woman feel about the mans acting in the play? 条件句。四级题目中,特别是短对话中，有不少是通过条件句来表达建议，想法，结果和趋势等。 条件句有两种：真实条件句、虚拟条件句。真实条件句表达的意思是直接而明显的，一般指有可能实现;虚拟条件句是间接而含蓄的。应谨慎对待虚拟条件句。例如： A) The woman will cook. B) He wont buy enough. C) Hell

21、get in a bad mood. D) He will make dinner M: If I go to the store, will you make dinner for us tonight? W: Bring back enough food. Q: What will the woman do if the man shops? 又如： A) In a bar. B) In a cinema. C) At a lecture. D) Unreasonable. W: Did you see film last night? M: I wouldnt have gone to

22、see it if Id known it was boring. Q: Where was the man last night? 条件句中以if引导居多，注意这种句式的表达特点。它们经常用省略的形式，如if possible, if any, if not, if so, if necessary, if needed等，听省略形式的条件句，主要应该抓住主句的基本内容，因为条件句不易听错，只要抓住了主句的基本内容，就能正确做题。此外，表示条件的连词，除了if外，还有as long as, so long as, suppose, supposing, lets say等。 排除冷门。四个选

23、项中，仅有一个或者两个选项含有听力中很少涉及的词汇，则该选项一般不对。 A) He was kept in hospital for a long time. B) He was slightly injured in a traffic accident. C) He was seriously wounded in a mine explosion. D) He was fined for speeding. 二 长对话一、综合分析二、解题技巧一、【综合分析】 听力长对话是四级考试中的一大难点，它篇幅长，信息量大，因此技巧的运用就显得很有必要。要认清一点：不要奢望将所有内容一字不差地完全听

24、懂或记住。对话的开头结尾，转折词，因果词，强调副词，和绝对化词语等等附近出现的内容。这些才是重点。 长对话作为新出现的考题形式，其实只是完全结合了短对话考查点与短文题的出题分布而形成的所谓“新题”。 就题目分布而言，其完全类似短文题的排布，一般会有一题从整体上考查对话主题、对话人物关系或对话地点场景等。之后的对话若为多话题内容，则选择其中几个话题进行考查，这类似于篇章题中的说明文；若对话内容为对单一事件的描述，则关注事件的起因、经过、结果等方面，这又完全雷同于记叙文的考查特点；如果是调研性内容，考点则往往可能集中到被调研人的观点、意见、建议等方面，这又完全是议论文的考查模式。因此长对话就考点位

25、置而言，会完全类似于我们的短文题，而实际上比短文题更简单些，因为对话本身的特征又决定了这些内容往往会出现在文中问答交替处，尤其是问题的回答部分。 当然，就考点本身特点而言，出题人则完全可以模仿短对话中的反问、建议、原因等内容特色来出题，只是对话多几个回合罢了。因此可以理解为“复合短对话”。 以样卷所给出的一篇长对话为例：Conversation OneW: Hello, Gary. Howre you?M: Fine! And yourself?W: Cant complain. Did you have time to look at my proposal?M: No, not reall

26、y. Can we go over it now?W: Sure. Ive been trying to come up with some new production and advertising strategies. First of all, if we want to stay competitive, we need to modernize our factory. New equipment shouldve been installed long ago. 1 M: How much will that cost?W: We have several options ra

27、nging from one hundred thousand dollars all the way up to half a million.M: OK. Well have to discuss these costs with finance. 2 W: We should also consider human resources. Ive been talking to personnel as well as our staff at the factory.M: And whats the picture?W: Well probably have to hire a coup

28、le of engineers to help us modernize the factory. 3 M: What about advertising?W: Marketing has some interesting ideas for television commercials.M: TV? Isnt that a bit too expensive for us? Whats wrong with advertising in the papers, as usual?W: Quite frankly, its just not enough anymore. We need to

29、 be more aggressive in order to keep ahead of our competitors. 4 M: Will we be able to afford all this?W: Ill look into it, but I think higher costs will be justified. These investments will result in higher profits for our company.M: Well have to look at the figures more closely. Have finance draw

30、up a budget for these investments.W: All right. Ill see to it. 5 Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19.What are the two speakers talking about?20.What does the woman say about the equipment of their factory?21.What does the woman suggest about human resources?22. Why does the woman suggest advertising on TV?二、【解题技巧】 听前预测、听时抓点、选我所听、时地数人 听前预测：“纵横捭阖” 对几个小题的选项进行纵横比较，总结每个选项的核心意思，并随时做出标注，划出关键词，以此预测考点和可能的答案。2007-12 Conversation Two：