学年高中英语 专题Unit 3 A healthy life 3 Grammar.docx

1、学年高中英语 专题Unit 3 A healthy life 3 Grammar专题Unit 3 A healthy life 3 Grammar Writing it作为代词用法非常灵活，可用于代替上文中提到的事物，代替上文中说到的一件事，代替不知情的人（尤其是不知身份、性别和姓名的人）。也可用于表示时间、天气、距离、计算结果等。还可用来代替不定式、动名词、从句等，充当形式主语或形式宾语。一、用于指人以外的一切生物、无生命的东西和事情一般指说话者心目中已经了解或所指的生物、无生命的东西或事情，没有性别的区分；可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，在句子中既可以作主语，也可以作宾语。1. 指动物

2、和植物。 Look at that bird. It always comes to my window. 看看那只鸟。它总是飞到我的窗前来。2. 指代无生命的东西。 This is my watch. Its made in Switzerland. 这是我的手表。它是瑞士产的。3. 代替上文提到过的整个事情。 Well, you mustnt play on the road. Its dangerous! 哦，你不能在马路上玩。这是危险的！二、用于指代人1. 指代说话者心目中不太清楚的那个人，常在打电话或敲门时用。 Who is knocking at the door? 谁在敲门？It

3、s me. 是我。2. 指说话者心目中的那个人。 Look, someone is coming. Who can it be? 看，有人过来了。他可能是谁呢？It may be the headmaster. 可能是校长。3. 在回答用指示代词表示人的特殊问句时，常用it指人。 Whos that? 那人是谁？Is it Helen? 是海伦吗？Yes, I think youre right. Its Helen. 是的，我想你说对了，是海伦。三、用于指时间、距离和自然现象等1. 表示时间。 Whats the date? 今天是几月几日？Its the third of March. 今

4、天是3月3日。2. 表示距离。 Its only five minutes walk from here. 离这儿仅有五分钟步行的路程。3. 表示自然现象。 It is going to rain. 天要下雨了。4. 表示环境、形势等。 If its convenient, I can see you tomorrow. 如果方便的话，我明天能见到你。四、用作形式主语，替代动词不定式，动名词或从句1. It is clear (obvious，true，possible，certain.) that.该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，常译为清楚（显然，真的，可能，肯定

5、）。 It is very clear that he doesnt like it.That he doesnt like it is very clear. 很明显他不喜欢它。2. It is said (reported/learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped.) that.该句型中的it仍是形式主语，真正主语是that引导的主语从句；该结构常译为据说（据报道，据悉）。 It is reported that another satellite has been put into orbit. 据报道又一颗卫星被送入轨道。3. It is ti

6、me (about time，high time) that.该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是从句的谓语动词常用过去时态表示虚拟，有时也用should动词原形，should不能省略，常译为是（正是）的时候了。 It is time that children should go to bed.It is time that children went to bed. 孩子们该睡了。4. It is the first (second.) time that.该句型中的that从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后

7、面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态，该结构中that可以省去；it有时用this/that替换，常译为是第一（二）次做。 It is the first time I have been here. 这是我第一次到这里来。5. It is a pity (a shame/an honour/a good thing/a fact/a surprise/.) that.该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should动词原形），should可省略，表示出乎意料，常译为竟然。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。 It is a pity that such a th

8、ing (should) happen in your class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！ It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！6. It happens (seems，looks，appears) that.该句型中it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen，seem等词是不及物动词。 It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看来他再过几天才能回来。7. It beadj.(kind, nice, brave, clever, stupid.) of sbto do

9、sth该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语由of引起，句中的形容词必须是表示逻辑主语特征的形容词（即句中的形容词是修饰逻辑主语的）。常见的形容词有bad，brave，careless，clever，cruel，foolish，good(好心的)，honest，horrible，kind，lazy，modest，naughty，nice，polite，rude，silly，stupid，wise，wrong等。这个句型可以转换为：sb isadj.to do sth It is kind of you to say so.You are kind to say so. 你这么说真

10、是太善良了。8. It beadj.(difficult，easy，hard，important) for sb to do sth该句型与上一个同属一个句型。不定式的逻辑主语由for引起，形容词常表示重要性、紧迫性、频繁程度、难易、安全等情况（即句中的形容词是修饰动词不定式的）。常见的形容词有important，necessary，natural，easy，safe，common，normal，hard，difficult，dangerous，unusual，impossible，pleasant等。 It is important for her to come to the party.

11、It is important that she (should) come to the party. 对她来说，参加这次聚会很重要。9. It takes sb some time to do sth 做某事花费某人时间 It took me five days to solve the problem. 解决这个问题花了我五天时间。10. It costs sb some money to do sth 做某事花费某人钱 It will cost my father five thousand yuan to buy such a computer. 买这台电脑花了我父亲5, 000元。

12、11. Its up to sb to do sth 应由某人(负责)做 It is up to you to decide whether to take the job or not. 做不做这份工作由你决定。12. Its useless/(of) no use/(of) no good doing sth该句型常译为做是徒然的/没有益处的，句中的动名词短语是真正的主语，表语可以是no use(not any use)，no good(not any good)等。 Its no use arguing with her. 跟她争论没有用。五、作形式宾语1. 用于 主语及物动词宾语宾语补

13、足语 句型中：当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词或宾语从句时，常用it作形式宾语，而往往把真正的宾语不定式、动名词或宾语从句置于补足语之后。 I think it important that we should keep calm. 我认为我们应该保持安静，这很重要。 I feel it my duty that I should devote myself to teaching. 我感到致力于教学是我的责任。 I make it a rule that I read English every morning. 每天早晨读英语是我的习惯。2. 用于主语及物动词宾语句型中：有些动词或短语动

14、词不能直接跟that引导的宾语从句，需要在从句前先加上形式宾语it。appreciate，dislike，hate，like，love，make(按时到达，成功)，have(表明，坚持说)，take(认为，猜想)，hide(隐瞒)，publish(公布)，put(表达，写出来)等。 I take it that you will be leaving Shanghai soon. 我认为你会很快离开上海。 The report has it that no one was to blame for the accident. 报告表明没有人要对这次事故负责。 We published it t

15、hat we had finished the project ahead of time. 我们宣布我们已提前竣工了。answer for(承担的后果)，count on(期待)，depend on(依靠)，insist on(坚持主张，坚决要求)，see to(确保)等。 I am counting on it that you will come. 我期待你会来。1. （2016浙江）In many ways , the education system in the US is not very different from _in the UK. A. that B. this C.

16、 one D. it2. （2015浙江）How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you? A. them B. one C. those D. it3. （2015天津）The quality of education in this small school is better than _ in some larger schools. A. that B. one

17、C. it D. this. 单项填空1. An average of just 18.75cm of rain fell last year, making _ the driest year since California became a state in 1850.A. each B. it C. this D. one2. Id appreciate _ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.A. it B. you C. one D. this3.Whos that at the door

18、? _ is the milkman.A. he B. that C. she D. it4. Do you like _ here?Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is nice.A. this B. these C. that D. it5. The two girls are so alike that strangers find _ difficult to tell one from the other.A. it B. them C. her D. that6. The employment r

19、ate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase_.A. them B. those C. it D. that7. They are good friends. _ is no wonder that they know each other so well.A. This B. That C. There D. It8. Catherine bought a postcard of the place she was visiting, add

20、ressed _ to _ and then posted it at the nearby post office.A. it；her B. it；herself C. herself；her D. herself；herself9. We have made _ clear that we are strongly against smoking in the office.A. this B. that C. it D. one10. As we all know, _ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important

21、football match. A. this B. that C. there D. it. 用it作形式主语的用法改写下列各个句子1To learn something about the use of “it” is necessary._2Crying over spilt milk is no use._3That the boss was behaving pretty strangely struck me._4Whether you come or not doesnt interest me._5Tom is believed to win the race._6That a

22、 picture is worth a thousand words is not always true._. 句型转换1To my surprise，he thought that it was impossible for him to learn English well. To my surprise，he thought _ for him to learn English well.2I became stronger and stronger，which made my parents glad. I became stronger and stronger，and_.3He

23、felt it was his duty to serve the people heart and soul. He felt _ to serve the people heart and soul.4In the west，people send Christmas presents to their relatives and friends，making it a rule. In the west，people _ to send Christmas presents to their relatives and friends.5When and where to hold th

24、e match hasnt been decided. _when and where to hold the match.完成句子1很清楚他不喜欢它。 he doesnt like it.2请注意一下门锁了没有。 Please the door is locked.3做出那道数学题很容易。 It is easy 4我花了一周时间才看完这本书。 to finish reading the book.5他习惯了黎明前起床。 He that he gets up before dawn. 特指上文提到的名词。故选A。2. D【解析】句意：当你正在看一个你喜欢的节目时，突然有个人进来，一声不吭地关掉

25、电视，你会怎么想？ It作形式宾语，指代If后面的句子。该句涉及到了一个疑问句，一个条件状语从句（if）和两个并列句 (and)。这当时应该先把它转化为陈述句you would like_.分析句子结构知道like之后缺少一个宾语， 需要一个宾格代词充当，所以答案选it。3. A【解析】句意：这所小学校的教育质量要好于一些大学校。句中代词代指不可数名词the quality of education，故用代词that。代词it和one都代指可数名词单数。故选A。K好题. 单项填空1. B 【解析】make sth/sb+n. 使/让某事(某人)成为。代词it在此处指代前面的last year。

26、2. A 【解析】句意：如果你能够让我提前知道你是否要来，我会很感激的。分析句子结构可知，此空在句中作形式宾语，而真正的宾语为if引导的从句，故要用it。故答案为A。3. D 【解析】句意：谁在大门那儿？是送牛奶的人。当不能确定对方的性别或身份时常用it指代某人。4. D 【解析】it用来指代下句中的the air，the weather，the way of life。5. A 【解析】本句中find的宾语是to tell one from the other，放在了句尾，因此find后缺少形式宾语，只有it可作形式宾语，故选用it。6. C 【解析】句意：由于当地政府的努力，大城市的就业率

27、继续上升。根据句意可知，增加的是上文提及的the employment rate。A、B两项代指复数，应排除；it指同一个，即上文中的rate，为正确答案；that指同一类，但并不是同一个，可排除。7. D 【解析】句意：他们是好朋友，难怪他们互相如此了解。it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。9. C 【解析】句意：我们已经明确表示强烈反对在办公室吸烟。it作形式宾语，that we are strongly against smoking in the office为真正的宾语。10. D 【解析】句中it作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语to keep order in a

28、n important football match，不定式短语的逻辑主语是the police。. 用it作形式主语的用法改写下列各个句子. 句型转换1. it impossible 2. it made my parents glad 3. it his duty4. make it a rule 5. It hasnt been decided.完成句子1. It is very clear that2see to it that3to work out the maths problem4It took me a week5makes it a ruleWriting：如何回复建议信写回复建议的书信时，首先要分析问题，表明自己的观点；其次，针对问题提出建议，并说明原因；最后，提出期望，希望收信者积极行动，改进现状，并礼貌地结束全文。同时应注意以下几点：1. 信文要素要齐全。建议信的回信和建议信一样，信文通常由六部分构成：信头(发信人的地址和发信日期)；信内地址(收信人姓名、职位、地址等)；称呼；正文；结束语；签名。有时信头和信内地址可以省略。2. 态度要诚恳而有礼貌。不管对方提出的建议对自己是否可行，都应该认真对待并对对方表示感谢。3. 客观分析，表明态度