英语人教版七年级下册一般过去时.docx

1、英语人教版七年级下册一般过去时一般过去时教案知识点：1.一般过去时的构成 2.过去式/过去分词的构成 3.一般过去时的用法 一一般过去时的定义： 一般过去式：表示过去某时间发生的事情，或者过去习惯、反复做的动作行为，或表示过去某一状态（身份）my father and i visited a farm last weekend. 我爸爸和我上周末参观了一个农场。su hai usually took a walk after supper 2 years ago.苏海两年前通常晚饭后散散步i didnt go to school yesterday. because i was ill in

2、hospital.我昨天没上学，因为我生病住院了。二一般过去时的结构：总的结构为：主语+动词的过去式，但它又可分为行为动词的过去式和非行为动词的过去式两种情况（一）.行为动词的过去式结构为：1. 行为动词的肯定句结构： 主语+ v-ed，2. 行为动词的否定句结构： 主语+ did+ not+v3. 行为动词的一般疑问句结构及回答：did+s+v4. 行为动词的特殊疑问句结构： 特殊疑问词+ did+s+vwhodidyouplayfootball with yesterday afternoon?whocleanedthe classroom just now? tomdid.（二）.非行为

3、动词的过去式结构(主要指be /can等) 1.肯定句：主语+be /can过去式 2.否定句： 主语+be /can过去式+not 3.一般疑问句及回答： be /can+主语 4.特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+ be /can+主语三动词过去式/过去分词的构成方法：过去式/过去分词的构成有两种情况，一是规则变化，二是不规则变化，具体如下。（一）规则变化的规则及发音规则：（背诵） 1. 一般直接在动词后加ed，-ed在清辅音后读/t/, 在浊辅音及元音后读/d,/-ed在/t/d/后读/id/,如, call-called open-opened look-looked want-wanted /

4、id/ need-needed /id played cleaned climbed collected cooked2. 以不发音的“e”结尾的，直接加-d ，如 live-lived move-moved hope-hoped danced skated lived liked closed3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加-ed，（注意：如果是元音字母加y结尾的，还是直接加-ed，如，play-played， enjoy-enjoyed）如 study- -studied cry-cried try-tried carry carried worry worried(注意：

5、y前面是元音则直接加ed) play played stay stayed4. 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-ed，如 plan-plannedfit-fitted stop-stoppedslip slipped skip-skipped , regret-regretted , drop-dropped, preferpreferred patpatted jogjogged shopshopped hop hoppeded的发音规则：1 如该单词结尾的音为元音或者浊辅音，则ed读d元音： played stayed coloured watered gl

6、o 浊辅音： lived jogged listened moved pulled climbed used2 如该单词结尾的音为清辅音，则ed读t cooked stopped jumped washed watched danced fished3 如该单词结尾是d或t结尾的，则ed读id collected skated visited wanted needed不规则动词： 很多常用动词的过去式是不规则的，即和前面加ed 的不一样，是没有规律可循的，需要一个个记忆另附清辅音与浊辅音：清辅音： p t k f s ts t tr h浊辅音：b d g v z dz d dr r（二）。不

7、规则变化（听写）1. aaa型（原形、过去式和过去分词同形）cost-cost-costcut-cut-cut put-put-putlet-let-let set-set-set hit-hit-hitshut-shut-shut hurt-hurt-hurt read-read-read读音/e/spread -spread -spread 展开/传播/涂对待 spit- spit/spat- spit/spat 吐痰,lie-lied-lied说谎lay-laid-laid放置，下蛋lie -lay-lain躺下，位于，平放she_her books on the table._2. a

8、bb型（过去式与过去分词同形）：1）.过去式和过去分词中含有ought,aught,读音是:tbright-brought-brought think-thought-thoughtbuy-bought-bought catch-caught-caught teach-taught-taught2）.动词原形中的e为o，变成过去式和过去分get-got-got sell-sold-sold tell-told-told3）.动词原形中i为a,sit-sat-sat spit-spat-spat4）.动词原形中i为o,win-won-won shine-shone/shined-shone/sh

9、ined5）.动词原形中an为oo,stand-stood-stood understand-understood-understood6）.动词原形中的ay为ai,say-said-said pay-paid-paid7）.动词原形t, send-sent-sent lend-lent-lent spend-spent-spent build-built-built动词原形最后一个字母改为t,smell-smelt-smeltlose-lost-lost动词原形后加一个字母tlearn-learnt-learnt mean-meant-meant读音/e/ 动词原形中的ee去掉一个字母e,然

10、后在词feel-felt-feltsleep-slept-sleptsweep-swept-swept keep-kept-kept它 meet-met-met have-had-hadhold-held-held make-made-madedig-dug-dug hear-heard-heardfind-found-found hang-hung-hung（挂） hanged-hanged-hanged(绞死)3. aba型（原形与过去分词同形）：come-came-come run-ran-run become-became-become4. abc型（原形、过去式和过去分词各异）： 1

11、) .把动词原形中i改为a变成过去式，改成u变成过去分词begin-began-begun drink-drank-drunkring-rang-rungswim-swam-swumsing-sang-sung 2).把动词原形中o改为e变成过去式，在原形词尾加n变成过去分词blow-blew-blown grow-grew-grownknow-knew-known throw-threw-thrownfly-flew/flu:/-flown(和以上相似) 3).以下动词的过去分词都以en结尾，故把它们分为一类 a)把动词原形中i改为o变成过去式，在词尾加n drive-drove-d ris

12、e-rose-risenwrite-wrote-written(双写t) ride-rode-ridden(双写d) b)把动词原形中ea改为o,在词尾加e变成过去式，在过去式后加n变成过去分词speak-spoke-spokensteal-stole-stolenbreak-broke-broken c)把动词原形中的个别字母或字母组合改为o变成过去式,在过wake-woke-woken freeze-froze-frozenchoose-chose-chosen forget-forgot-forgotten（双写t，加en） d)其它过去分词以en结尾的动词eat-ate-eaten b

13、eat-beat-beatenfall-fell-fallen give-gave-givensee-saw-seen take-took-takenmistake-mistook-mistaken hide-hid-hidden（双写d）e).最不规则的情况am/is-was-been are-were-beendo-did-done draw-drew-drawn:go-went-gone show-showed-shownwear-wore-worn5.aab型（原形与过去式同形）：beat-beat-beaten6.没有过去分词的动词can-could may-might shall-

14、shouldwill-would1在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。常接意义较具体的时间状语有：yesterday , the 确other day, in 1982：last night (week ,month , year , century , etc.) , the day before yesterday , yesterday morning ( afternoon , evening ) , in 1999 , two hours ago ( one week ago , tree years ago ,in the 1990s,just now, a moment

15、ago 等。eg,where did you go just now? 典型例题- your phone number again? i _ quite catch it.- its 69568442.a. didnt b. couldnt c. dont d. cant答案a. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看 出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。2.表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作（used to do sth）。 when i was a child, i often played football in the street. whenever t

16、he browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.3.一般过去时的特殊用法之一：表“现在意义”，主要有以下几种情况(1) 在宾语从句中，由于时态呼应的关系，可用一般过去时表示现在：i didnt know you were here. 我不知道你在这儿。(were实际上指现在)i didnt know you were so busy我没想到你这么忙。(were实际上指现在)(2) 表示客气委婉的现在语气，能这样有的动词主要限于want, wonder, think, hope, intend，wish等少数动词

17、，表示作试探性的询问、请求、建议等和情态动词 could, 国would.中i wondered if you were free this evening. 不知您今晚是否有空。 i thought you might like some flowers. 我想您也许想要些花。i thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。 did you want anything else? i wondered if you could help me.could you lend me your bike?(3) 用于某些特殊结构中表示现在：该用法主要用于 its t

18、ime, i wish, id rather, if only, as if, as though 等少数结构后接从句的情形，其中有些结构后面的句子还可用一般过去时表示将来：. it is time for sb. to do sth 到时间了 该了 . it is time sb. did sth. 时间已迟了 早该了. would (had) rather sb. did sth.表示宁愿某人做某事如，it is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。 it is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了id rather you came tom

19、orrow.its time we started. 我们该动身了。 i wish i knew his name. 要是我知id rather you lived closer to us. 我希望你能住得离我们近点。 id rather you came next monday. 我宁愿你下周星期一来。（4）.表主观想法的虚拟条件句也用一般过去时表示现在：if i had the money now id buy a car. 假若我现在有钱，我就买辆小汽车。5。一般现在时特殊用法之二：用一般过去时代替完成时1) 两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。when she saw the mouse，she screamed.2) my aunt gave me a hat and i lost it.3) 两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。when i heard the news, i was very excited. 3)叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。our teacher told us that columbus discovered america in 1492