状语从句用法讲解和练习.docx

1、状语从句用法讲解和练习第章状语从句学习指导状语从句在句子中作状语，用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类 ，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多 ，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句 的常用连接词。现分别列举如下：状语从句分九类：从句种类主要从属连词1时间状语从句when, while, as, before, after, until, till, whenever2条件状语从句if, uni ess3目的状语从句in order that, so that4结果状语从句so that,

2、 such that, so that, so5原因状语从句because, as, since6让步状语从句although, though, even though(if), while7方式状语从句as if, as though8地点状语从句where, wherever9比较状语从句than, as在这一章节的学习中，要求同学们掌握各类状语从句基本概念，并能够灵活应用第一节时间状语从句1 时间状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。连接时间状语从句的连接词有:when（当 的时候），while （当 的时候），as（当 的时候）,once（ 旦），till（ until） （一直到 ，直到 才

3、）,by the time（ 到 时）,as soon as （一 就）the moment（ 就）.since（自从 ）.before（ 在 前）.after（ 在 后）2 . when , while , as均可表示“当 的时候”。when强调“特定时间”，表示主句谓语动词的动作与从句谓语动词的动作是同时发生的， 或从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前； while表示的时间是一段， 而不是一点，as多用在口语中，强调“同一时间”或“一前一后” ，有时还有“随着”的含义。Ill go on with the work whe n / come back tomorrow .我明天回来后会继续做

4、我的工作。When spri ng came, he felt like a trip. 春天来了，他想去旅游。As spri ng warms the good earth , all flowers beg in to bloom . （as 有 “随着”的含义）as, when, while 都表示主、从句的动作或状态同时发生，但三者也有区别。 as和when引导的从句既可表示一点时间，也可表示一段时间，从句中的谓语动词既可以是持续性动词，也可以为短暂性动词，经常可以互换使用； while引导的从句通常表示一段时间，从句中宜用持续性动词作谓语。 当从句中的谓语动词为持续性动词时， 这三者

5、可以通用（前面例句中已有体现），再如：Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as / whe n / while fatherwas away in France.妈妈担心，因为小艾丽思病了，特别是当父亲远在法国的时候。如果从句和主句要表示一个人的两个动作交替进行或同时完成时，则多用 as，可译为“一边，一边”。例如：He looked beh ind from to time as he went. 他一边走，一边不时地往后看。As time goes on, it s getting warmer and w

6、armer. 随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖了。I thought of it just as you ope ned your mouth. 你一张嘴我就知道你要说什么。 （若表示两个短促动作几乎同时发生时，用 as的场合多于 when.）当主从句之间表示转折或对比关系时，多用 while,不用as或when。如：She thought I was talk ing about her daughter, while in fact, I was talk ing about mydaughter.她以为我在谈论她女儿，而事实上，我在谈论我的女儿。如果表示从句的动作在主句的动作之前”或之后

7、”发生时，多用 when (=after ),不用as或 while。此外，when 还含有at that moment ”的意思(=and then )，引起的句子不能放在句首，也不能用 as, while来替换。例如：He was about to leave whe n the teleph one ran g. 他正要离开，忽然电话铃响了。We were watchi ng TV whe n sudde nly the lights wen t out. 我们正在看电视，突然灯灭了。They had just arrived home whe n it bega n to rain.

8、他们刚至 U家，天就开始下雨了。3 . till / until，表示一直到 ”，主从句都用肯定式；表示直到 才” ，主句否定，从句肯定。He worked un til it was dark. 他一直工作到天黑。He did not get up till his mother came in. 一直到母亲进来他才起床。5 . as soon as , the moment 表示从句动作一发生，就”。As soon as I finish the work, Ill go to see you.She came to the sce ne the mome nt she heard the

9、 n ews.6 . since 自从”， before 在 前”，after 在 后”，It was not long before 意为“不久”。since引导从句用非延续性动词或过去时间点”或过去时间段 +ago ”，主句用完成时态。Since he graduated, he has worked in this city. 他毕业后一直在这个城市工作。I have nt see n him since last year/ three years ago. 去年以来 /3 年来，我没见过他。选出最佳答案1) he was liste ning to the music, Joh n

10、fell asleep.A. After B. Before C. While D. As soon as-2)How did you try to get to school on time you missed the school bus.A. whe nB. howC. whyD. that3)He was riding to schoolhe was hit by a car this morningA whileB. whe nC. asD. so4)Lucy knew nothing about ith er sister told her.A. becauseB. un til

11、C. ifD. since5)The policeman asked the childcross the streetthetraffic lights turned gree n.A. not; whe nB. dont; beforeC. n ot to; un tilD. not to; since6)The bookwas so in terest ingthat he had read itfor three hourshe realized it.A. whe nB. afterC. un tilD. before7)w e had seen all the animals, w

12、e went home.A. ThenB. AfterC. ThoughD. While8)She has mademany friendsshe came to our school.A. beforeB. afterC. si neeD. un til9) How long has the weather been like this?A. Un til last nightB. Ever since last ni ghtC. Two days agoD. Two days later10)My uncle went to Australia last year. We have nt

13、see n him .A. since almost a yearB. from almost a year onC. after almost a yearD. since almost a year ago11)He was so tired that he fell asleephe went to bed.A. as if B. even though C. ever since D. as soon as12)I knew nothing about the accident my friend told me yesterday.A. because B. since C. un

14、til D. after13)I did nt man age to do it you had expla ined how.A. un til B. since C. while D. afterKeys 】1) C 2) A 3) B 4) B 5) A 6) D 7)B 8) C 9) B 10) D 11) D 12) C 13) A第二节条件状语从句1 .条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。引导条件状语从句的连词有:if如果；unless 除非，如果不； on condition that 条件是；as long as 只要2 .表示正面的条件用if “如果”。If you dont

15、 look after young trees, they will die very quickly.If the museum charges for en try, a lot of people wont be able to visit it.3.表示否定的条件用 uniess（ =if. . not）除非，如果不”。I shall not go to the cin ema uni ess I finish my homework before eight.说明：ifnot常可以用unless替代。If you don t study hard, you will fail in

16、the exam.You will fail in the exam uni ess you study hard.4.表示使某事成为现实必要的条件用 on condition that 条件是”，as long as 只要”。You may go swimming on condition that you dont swim too far away from the river bank.As long as you dont study hard, you will fail in the exam.5.祈使结构表条件。前半部分的祈使结构相当于 if条件句，可用动词或名词开头；后半部分

17、的简单句常用一般将来时，有时也用一般现在时。此句型与条件状语从句形成同义结构。1）祈使句（,）+and/then+ 简单句 = |f 从句（否定式）+主句Give me somewhere to sta nd, and I will move the earth. （如果）给我一个支点，我便能掀动地球。=If you give me somewhere to sta nd, I will move the earth.One more word, and Ill turn you out. 你再多说一句，我就把你赶出去。=If you speak one more word, I will t

18、ur n you out.Use your head, then youll find a way. 动动脑子你就能找到办法。=If you use your head, youll find a way.2）祈使句（，）+or+简单句 = f从句（否定式）+主语Work even harder, or you will never pass the exam. 如果不加倍努力，你就永远无法通过考试。=If you dont work harder, you will n ever pass the exam.Stop telli ng lies, or you will be puni sh

19、ed. 如果你继续说谎，就会受到惩罚。=If you dont stop telli ng lies, you will be puni shed.选择最佳答案填空1） Would you like to go to the park with me,Susan?go alone.A. un til B. before C. if D.after2)Tomorrow well go to the city park it is sunny.A. as soon as B. whe n C. if D. as3)All of us will be happy you can come with

20、us.A. while B. if C. but D. or4)Nobody can learn English well you work hard on it.A. if B. unl ess C. whe n D.but5) The sports meet will continueit rains this after noon.A. ifB. sinceC. as soon asD.un lessKeys 】1) C 2) C 3) B 4) B 5) D第三节原因状语从句和地点状语从句1 原因状语从句弓I导原因状语从句的连词有：because, for, since, as, no

21、w thatwhy，语气1） because意为因为”，表示直接的原因或理由，着重点在从句，用于回答 最强。because of=for（ 介词）。由于天气的原因，我们来不了。她因为待在医院，显得好多了。He is abse nt today because he is ill.I did nt go out because I was busy with homework.业。有时，可用because of 后接名词或代词表示原因，此时We wont be able to come because of the weather.She was look ing all the better

22、for her stay in hospital.2)for意为“因为”，引导的从句并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因，只提供补充说明，且 不可位于主句前。for前往往用逗号或分号与主句分开，引起的从句对主句加以解释。I did nt go to see him, for a heavy snow was falli ng. 我没有去看他，因为在下大雪。The days were short, for it was now December. 白天短了，因为现在已经是十二月了。We must begi n pla nning now, for the future may bring un exp

23、ected cha nges.我们必须现在就开始筹划，因为将来可能会发生意想不到的变化。有时，for引起的从句并不表示原因，而是表示一种推断或解释，而 because则不能。Some one in the house must be ill, for a doctor has just come out. 房子里一定有人病了，因为有个医生刚刚出来。3)since意为“既然”、“由于”，一般表示对方已知的、无需加以说明的既成事实的理由 (如果从句表示的原因不是确定的事实，就不能用 since，通常用because)。Si nee you are goi ng, I will go too. 既然

24、你要走，我也走了。Si nee you are ill, Ill go alo ne. 由于你病了，我就一个人走了。4)as意为“由于”，表示十分明显的原因，一般说明因果关系，着重点在主句，语气较弱。As it is snowing, we shall not go to the park. 由于正在下雪，我们就不去公园了。He had to apologize, as he knew he had made a mistake. 他必须道歉，因为他知道他错了。由as表示的原因语势最弱，常用于口语。5) now that意为“既然”，有时可将that省去，含义与si nee接近。区别在于：si

25、nce表 示原先已存在的情况，而 now that表示现在才发生的情况。Now that it has stopped rainin g, lets start at o nee. 既然现在雨停了，咱们马上开始吧！Now that you have come, you may as well stay. 既然来了，你最好还是待在这儿。2 地点状语从句where, wherever, any where, everywhere把它放在你看得见的地方。不管他在哪里我都要找到他。引导地点状语从句的连词有:你应该把书放在原来的地方。Put it where you can see it. ni fin

26、d him, wherever he is.不论你到哪里都要把工作做好。You should put the book where it was.Wherever you go, you should do your work well.选择最佳答案1) I hope to go to France some day there are many famous museumsthere.A. though B. uni ess C. because D.where2) Would you like to go to the concert with me? rd love to, I cant

27、. I have a lot of homework to do.A. and; Because B. but; Because C. so; And D.and;so3)Jim has been in the factory for two years he left school.A. whe n B. since C. as soon as D.whether4)Jack was very tired he played tennis all after noon.A. if B. as soon as C. because D.before5)Youd better come back

28、 earlier it is getting colder.A. as B. and C. but D.or6)Jane wore a rain coat it was raining.A. so B. but C. however D.because7)The Italian boy was regarded as a hero he gave his life for hiscoun try.becauseKeys 】第四节让步状语从句1 .引导让步状语从句的连词有:although, while, even though, even if, whether. (or not),用 no

29、matter 十wh-/how 弓丨导2 . although /though 虽然”。Although I didn t know anybody at the party, I had a very good time. 虽然晚会上的客人我一个也不认识，但我玩得很愉快。注意“ althoughbut ”是个典型的错误，因为 but是并列连词，不能与从属连词although 连用。但是，although 可与yet , still连用，因为 yet , still是副词，它可使前 后关系更明确。3. while意为“然而”。1） while用于对照，说明两种情况相反，意为“然而，但是” 。T

30、om is very outgoi ng, while Jane is shy and quiet. 汤姆性格外向，而简却腼腆安静。While I was readi ng, he was play ing. 我在读书，而他在玩。2） while意为“虽然，尽管”，同although ，此时从句和主句的主语往往为同一人或物。While she liked cats 。she never let them come into her room .虽然她喜欢猫，但她从不让猫进她的房间。4 . even if “即使” （if后陈述的是假设）；even though “尽管” （though 后陈述的是事 实）。rm goi ng to apply for the job, eve n if it pays very little. 即使报酬不高，我也要去申请那份工作。He is an hon est man, I say, even though I have opposed him. 我说他是个诚实的人，尽管我反对过他。5 . whether (or not) 无论是 或是 ”.Whether it rains or no