上海高考届六选四解题技巧.docx

1、上海高考届六选四解题技巧年 级： 高三 辅导科目： 英语 教师： 姓名：课 题六选四解题策略教学目的1. 理解并熟悉六选四填空题解题步骤2. 灵活运用六选四解题技巧3. 二模真题演练教学内容“六选四” 解题步骤1. 读文“三步走” 1.1 阅读首尾把握主题句 该题型的文章基本上都是“开门见山”并“结尾总结”，因此阅读首尾可以快速把握文章的主题，另外，不少文章都有标题，通过标题我们也基本能够确定文章的主题。 1.2 浏览选项明确目标 确定主题后，不要马上通读原文，而是建议先浏览6个选项，圈出选项中的关键词，并将这些关键词作为目标事先记在脑子中，再“以目标为导向”回头读原文，这样就会事半功倍。 1

2、.3 细读文章抓住关键 了解文章大意并浏览完选项后，再回头细读文章，重点阅读挖空附近的句子，这些句子与挖空处的句子逻辑关系紧密，往往能提供重要的解题线索，再结合选项圈定原文中的线索词，然后匹配选项中的关键词。2. 解题“二步骤” 2.1 先定两头，缩小范围 题目中的4个空格，一般来说位置处在段首、段尾的题目较易判定，原因有二：一是信息范围小，解题信息一般集中在本段；二是逻辑关系清楚，段首题多是总领引导句，段尾题多是概括总结句，先做段首尾题有利于缩小排 查范围，集中精力对余下的选项细审慎选。 2.2 细审中间，依法判断 剩余的段中设空选项也并非全都是难判别的，此时仍可凭语感语意，借助文中一些明显

3、的信息点选出或排除1-2个选项，进一步缩小思考范围，对最后难判别的几个选项就要借助一些方法技巧来筛选。“六选四” 解题技法解题时要从三个角度着眼：a. 看位置：是段首、段尾，还是段中题；b. 找词汇：锁定选项与文中信息相关联的词汇；c. 思逻辑：思考选项与文中信息是否符合行文逻辑；1. 读懂段意定两头段首、段尾题 (1) 挖空在段首，常是主题句或承上启下句 假如挖空出现在段首，通常为主题句。要认真阅读空后内容，根据段落一致性原则，推断出主题句。若不是主题句，则考虑是承上启下句。 【2020年嘉定区二模卷】 _49_ “If animals become accustomed to touris

4、ts and if tourism practices enhance this taming, we might create unintended consequences - affecting the behavior or population of a species and influencing the species function in its community,” the researchers write. A. As animals learn to relax in the presence of humans, they may become bolder i

5、n other situations.F. Interacting with people can cause great change in the characteristics of various species over time.分析：根据设空位置可知，该空应填本段的段落主旨句。根据后面的“we might create unintended consequences - affecting the behavior or population of a species and influencing the species function in its community,”可

6、知，本段主要谈论与人类互动行为对动物的影响”，故选F。(2) 挖空在段尾，常是结论句或承上启下句挖空出现在段尾，通常是所在段的结论和概括。解题时注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结的关联词（如：therefore, as a result, thus, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word）或句子【2020年浦东区二模卷】If Harry Potter and Huckleberry Finn were each to represent British versus American childrens literature, a curio

7、us situation would emerge : In a literary competition for the hearts and minds of children, one is a wizard(巫师)- in - training at a boarding school in the Scottish Highlands, while the other is a barefoot boy drifting down the Mississippi, bothered by cheats, slave hunters, and thieves. One defeats

8、evil with a magic stick, the other takes to a raft(筏)to right a social wrong. _67_A. It all goes back to each countrys distinct cultural heritage.F. Both orphans took over the world of childrens literature, but their stories unfold in noticeable different ways.分析：本空位于段落最后，可推测应该是对前文叙述的总结。空格前面描述了英国和美国

9、的儿童文学的代表作品中的主人公的事迹，此处承接前文语意，对前两种故事的展开方式予以评价，故选F项“两个孤儿都接管了儿童文学的世界，但是他们的故事以明显不同的方式展开”。b. 承上启下逻辑类 挖空在段尾的空格可以起到承上启下的作用，即通过空格把本段与下一段有机地结合起来。这时，我们不光要看空格前面的句子，对于下一段的内容也要特别关注。(段首类的承上启下句同样适用此法)【2020年徐汇区二模卷】Do you prefer to watch TV or listen to the radio? There was a time when some people thought moving pict

10、ures would spell the end of tuning into the radio for entertainment and information. But radio survived and boomed. 67._Perhaps the growth in podcasting is not surprising-it offers a digital audio file that can be downloaded and stored for listening at any time. It can also be streamed from the inte

11、rnet and played on a computer or MP3 player. And its not just broadcasters, like the BBC, who are producing podcasts: now commercial broadcasters, individuals and companies with no connection to broadcasting are making them. In fact, anyone with something to say, and a few pounds to spend on the equ

12、ipment, can get involved.C. And now, despite the growth in smartphones offering high-definition pictures, the popularity of podcasts is booming.E. Podcasts offer a chance to speak to a very precise selection of people.分析：本题为段尾题。本句起承上启下的作用，设空所在段提到“有一段时期，一些人认为动画的出现会导致以收音机为娱乐和获取信息的方式的终结。但是收音机幸存了下来，并火了起

13、来。”空后下一段说“或许，播客的增长在意料之中”故选C。2. 细辨关系定中间段中题 一般说来，文章的行文通常需要一定的衔接手段来实现，而该题型的衔接手段主要有以下两种渠道： 一是词汇线索，二是行文逻辑。 (1) 从词汇线索上判断 词汇线索主要包括代词和词汇复现两种情况。 a. 代词 英语表达中，代词出现的频率极高。代词主要用于指代前面提到的人或物，有时也是为了区别前面提到的名词或概念。巧妙利用这样的指代关系及差异可以准确而快速地解题。【2020年奉贤区一模卷】A fresh lemon can be purchased for less than $1. But in 2008, Cowans

14、 Auctions in Cincinnati sold a lemon blackened with age for $2,350. What was so special about this lemon? 67 According to a handwritten note in ink attached to a partly sealed bottle containing the lemon, the fruit was picked in May 1842 by Washingtons old gardener some 43 years after the first pres

15、idents death C. It was said to be from a tree planted by George Washington at Mount Vernon. D. The auction result surely drew the attention from both the business and economics worlds. 分析：本题可利用代词作为解题线索。根据“What was so special about this lemon?”可知，此段主要讲述了被拍卖的柠檬特殊在哪里。C选项中的代词“it”指代前面提到的“this lemon”，故选C。

16、 b. 词汇复现 作者在文章中会对同一个概念重复描述，从而使得同样的意思在文章不同的地方重复出现。词汇复现可以指相同词汇的重复使用、同义词和近义词的复现以及同一范畴词汇的复现。解题时可以利用这些词作为解题线索。【2020年松江区一模卷】69._ Do they choose to rob? Do they sit at home and wait? What happens to people who rely on their cellphones to process money dealings when cell service and the Internet are interru

17、pted? A world affected by terrorism and increasingly violent weather may not yet be ready to abandon currency.D. Clearing up cash payments has several advantages as well.E. However, some people doubt what members of a cashless society will do when the power goes off.分析：本题可利用词汇复现作为解题线索。本段最后一句中的“aband

18、on currency”与E项中a cashless society相呼应，故选E。(2) 从行文逻辑上判断 英语行文离不开逻辑关系，一篇没有逻辑的文章只能是一盘散沙。逻辑关系主要包括：并列关系、递进关系、因果关系、转折或对比关系等。a. 并列关系 表示并列关系的词有：first(ly), second(ly) .; first, then/next .; in the first place, in the second place .; for one thing, for another (thing) .; to begin with, to conclude 等标志性词语，则表明前后

19、两句是逻辑上的并列关系，空格处很有可能是个并列的句子。【2020年宝山区二模卷】In order to finish projects, you must also plan out the steps you will take. Break your big task into smaller ones, and give yourself a short-term deadline for each of them. _48_.C. Whatever it is, if you dont know what your goal is, youre not likely to reach

20、it. E. Then commit to following your plan to the end.分析：本题可利用并列关系解题。本段主要讲述了要完成项目应该如何有步骤地去做，这里是按照顺序排列，此处应该是第三条，与E项Then following your plan to the end”相呼应，故选E。b. 递进关系 递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。表示递进关系的词有：too, also, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, apart from, whats more, in addition, as well,

21、to make matters worse, not .but ., not only .but also等。【2020年闵行区二模卷】However , there is a negative side to boxing. It is likely to threaten personal safety of people. Although boxers wear gloves during the fights , and amateur boxers even have to wear helmets , there have frequently been accident in

22、both professional and amateur boxing , sometimes with dramatic consequences . Boxers have suffered from head injuries , and occasionally , fighters have even been killed as a result of being knocked out in the ring. _49_ Sometimes even if a boxer has never been knocked out, he might have suffered se

23、vere brain damage without knowing it.D. Professional boxers are much more at risk than their amateur counterparts.E. Furthermore , studies have shown that there are often long-term effects of boxing分析：本题可利用递进关系解题。本段是总分结构，空前和空后均说明了拳击带来的负面影响，故空格处也不例外应该继续说明拳击的负面影响，故选E，c. 因果关系 表示因果关系的词有：so/therefore, th

24、us, hence, consequently (结果), as a result , for that reason, so/such .that .，so that .等。【2020年嘉定区一模卷】This unequal distribution indicates a situation of severe food injustice in South Africa. Yet from the research with urban farmers its clear that people do not know of the right to food, and dont see

25、 unequal access to nutritious food as an injustice. _68_While there are frequent protests around access to jobs, education, housing, water and electricity, we rarely, if ever, see protests about access to food.A. As a result, questions of hunger are largely absent in South African politics.B. Handli

26、ng food injustice requires a transformation of the undesirable structure of the food system. 分析：本题可利用因果关系解题。空格前两句讲述了：“在南非，食物的不均衡分配反映了食物极度不公的现象。然而，对城市农民的调查发现，人们对食物的权益并不了解，并不认为不能平等地获得有营养的食物是一种不公平”；与A项“As a result, questions of hunger are largely absent in South African politics.”相呼应。故选A.d. 转折或对比关系 表示转

27、折或对比关系的词有：but, however, yet, while/though, or/otherwise, on the contrary, instead, nevertheless (然而), in contrast/comparison 等。Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a Pilot but cant become one because your eyesight is not good enough. 70 You should reasse

28、ss your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal. A. This can affect your work.C. However, this should not discourage you.分析：本题可利用转折关系解题。空格前列举了你想成为一名飞行员，但是，你的视力不够好导致你不能成为飞行员的例子；空格后又用了you should 句式表示建议，使结果峰回路转，所以此处空格的感情色彩应与下一句相呼应，故选C。e. 表示解释关系表示解释关系的词有：in other words, in fact, as a mater of f

29、act, for example, for instance, actually, that is to say等；【2020年松江区一模卷】68. _For instance, the printing and handling of money is expensive. Cash payments can be anonymous (匿名的) and it is hard to track criminal activities conducted in secret. Many governments favor reducing cash dealings in order to b

30、etter monitor and understand the activities of their citizens. The Swedish government has been discussing the removing of cash since 2010.A. Theres no waiting for it and no counting of cash.D. Clearing up cash payments has several advantages as well.分析：本题可利用解释关系解题。本空格后由for instance引出无现金支付的2个比较优势，与D项

31、“Clearing up cash payments has several advantages”相呼应，故选D。【2020年松江区一模卷】A. Theres no waiting for it and no counting of cash.B. The system is impressively simple and secure.C. Security is nothing to worry about with the procedures.D. Clearing up cash payments has several advantages as well.E. However,

32、 some people doubt what members of a cashless society will do when the power goes off.F. Privacy security and convenience are all important factors in the adoption of electronic payment technology.When he rolls into a gas station to fill his tank, Barkhad Dahir doesnt get out of his car. He pushes a few buttons on his cellph