英语阅读理解.docx

1、英语阅读理解例1：Choose the most general word.A) chemist B) physicist C) scientist D) biologist 该问题要求找出最有概括力的词。C scientist 符合题意, 因为它包括了 chemist, physicist和biologist, 而A, B和D 都指某一具体学科的科学家, 不能概括其他词。因此, scientist 最具有概括性。 例2：Choose the most general sentence. A) The hotel offers complimentary coffee from 7 to 10

2、 a.m. daily. B) There are many reasons why guests feel at home at the Glorietta Bay Inn. C) The coin-operated laundry room has an ironing board. D) There are a number of extra services at the Glorietta Bay Inn including baby-sitting. A, C, D都是从不同的侧面说明旅馆的服务情况, 相互间并无联系。而B却概括了A, C, D共性的东西, 即：为什么旅客在这家旅馆

3、里有宾至如归的感觉。因此, B符合题意。倘若在一段文章里包含了以上A, B, C, D 几条信息, 那么 B 就是本段的中心思想。同样, 如果在一段文章中, 作者分几段来叙述几方面的内容, 那这些段落所要说明的问题就是本文的中心思想。 例3： Read the following passage and choose the best central thought. Sugar history in the Hawaiian Islands is filled with pioneering. In sailing ship days, Hawaiian sugar growers were

4、 many months from sources of supplies and from markets. This isolation built up among the Hawaiian growers an enduring spirit of cooperation. Growers shared with one another improvements in production. Without government aid of any sort, they built great irrigation projects. Without government help,

5、 they set up their own research and experiment organization. Pioneering together over the years, they have provided Hawaii with its largest industry. A) In sailing days, Hawaiian sugar growers were many months away from supplies and markets. B) Hawaiian sugar growers built their great industry witho

6、ut government help. C) Hawaiian sugar growers have set up their own research organization and have shared improvements. D) By pioneering together, sugar growers have provided Hawaii with its largest industry. A, B, C只是文章中的具体内容, 作为主题思想面太窄了。只有D才概括了全文要说明的问题, 因此, D是本文的主要思想。 要求抓住主题思想的另一种形式是为短文选择合适的标题。例4：

7、Read the following and choose the title that best expresses the ideas of the passage. There is a simple economic principle used to determine prices. It is called the law of supply and demand. Supply means the amount of, or access to, certain goods. Demand represents the number of people who want tho

8、se goods. If there are more goods than wanted, the price of them falls. On the other hand, if the demand for those goods is much greater than the supply, then price rises. Of course manufacturers prefer to sell more goods at increased prices. A) Economic Principles B) Law of Supply and Demand C) Mor

9、e Goods, Lower Prices D) Fewer Goods, Higher Prices 该问题中, A 泛指经济规律, 面过宽；C和D只是供需规则的两个单独方面, 不能包含全部, 面太窄。正确答案是B, 因为这正是短文自始至终讨论的主题。例5：Read the following passage and select the most appropriate title: According to legend, the gods of the ancient Greeks lived in the clouds on the top of Mount Olympus. Zeu

10、s, the father of the gods, carried a bolt of lightning in his hand and ruled like an earthly king. Apollo was the sun god and his beams were golden arrows; he shielded the flocks of sheep and the fields of grain. Athena was the warrior goddess, standing in shining armor ready to protect the Greek ci

11、ties. There were other gods as well, all with familiar human characteristics, but these were the leading gods. A) The Gods of the Ancient Greeks B) The Legend of the Sky God Zeus C) Beliefs of the Ancient Greeks D) Religions of the Past 该问题中, B只是文中提到的一个具体内容, 作为主题思想面太窄了。C和D是泛指, 面太宽。只有A才概括了全文要说明的问题, 是

12、全文的主题。 例6：English is clearly an international language. It is spoken by pilots and airport control operators on all the airways of the world. Over 70 percent of the worlds radio programs are in English. 本段主题句为首句, 其后的内容均说明首句。例7：Let us consider how voice training may contribute to personality developm

13、ent and an improved social adjustment. In the first place, it has been fairly well established that individuals tend to become what they believe other people think them to be. When people react more favorably toward us because our voices convey the impression that we are friendly, competent, and int

14、eresting, there is a strong tendency for us to develop those qualities in our personality. If we are treated with respect by others, we soon come to have more respect for ourselves. Then, too, ones own consciousness of having a pleasant, effective voice of which he does not need to be ashamed contri

15、butes materially to a feeling of poise（泰然自若）, self-confidence, and a just pride in himself. A good voice, like good clothes can do much for an ego（自我） that otherwise might be inclined to droop（萎靡）. The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is _.A) Our Ego B) The Reflection of Our Perso

16、nality C) How to Acquire a Pleasant Voice D) Voice Training in Personality Development 作者一开始就说明发声训练对个性发展和人的社会化可能产生的作用。接着, 分别 由in the first place 及then 引出两个具体的方面展开讨论。第一个要点下又分别由when 和if 引出两个细节加以论证。结尾一句总括全段, 与首句呼应。不难看出, 主题句是第一句, 正确答案应选D。另外, 要特别注意上例中提到的in the first place, then , if 等连接语, 这些连接语能帮助我们把握文章内

17、容的编排方式, 领会文章的要点, 准确全面地理解文章。主题句也会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据, 层层推理论证, 最后自然得出结论, 即段落的主题。例8： Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to sati

18、sfy all students at the same time. 本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现,它是此段内容的结论。例9： If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly attract your attention: Color TV, only $79. Two-day sale. Hurry. However, when you go to the store ready to buy, you may discover that the advert

19、ised sets are sold out. But the salesman is quick to reassure you that he has another model, a more reliable set which is just right for you. It costs $359. This sales tactic is called bait and switch. Buyers are baited with a sales offer, and then they are switched to another more costly item. Buyi

20、ng items on sale requires careful consideration of the merchandise（商品）and the reasons for the sale. 1. Which sentence best expresses the main idea ? A) The customer must be on his guard when purchasing items on sale.B) Color television sets which sell for $79 are sold out quickly. C) Many stores use

21、 the bait and switch technique to attract customers.D) Anyone planning to buy a television set should look for a sale.2. The paragraph could be entitled A) Buyer BewareB) Closeout Sale C) Crime Pays D) Buying a TV Set 作者从一则电视机的广告入手, 介绍了降价推销的惯用手段, 称为 bait and switch（廉售某种不打算出卖的商品, 意在诱人购买昂贵的物品）。最后笔锋一转,

22、 点出作者的真正意图, 即本段的主题句, 告诫人们在购买降价商品时要警惕中圈套。 因此正确答案为1.A；2.A.有些段落的主题句会被安排在段落的中间。For adults a cold is not that serious. However, this is not the case for children. Cold symptoms in children may be sighs of more serious diseases and should be given prompt medical attention. 本段主题句为第二句, 因为在however 后面才是作者真正的看

23、法, 并在下文中进一步作了说明。 当主题句被安排在段中时, 作者往往从具体的事例谈起, 随之归纳出主题, 然后再围绕这一主题展开讨论, 使立论更加清楚, 具有很强的说服力, 即以“立”为主, 对正面观点进行阐述。例10： Ever since humans have inhabited the earth, they have made use of various forms of communication. Generally, this expression of thoughts and feelings has been in the form of oral speech. Wh

24、en there is a language barrier, communication is accomplished through sigh language in which motions stand for letters, words, and ideas. Tourists, the deaf, and the mute have had to resort to this form of expression. Many of these symbols of whole words are very picturesque and exact and can be use

25、d intertionally, spelling, however, cannot.Body language transmits ideas or thoughts by certain actions, either intentionally or unintentionally. A wink（眨眼）can be a way of flirting（调情）or indicating that the party is only joking. A nod signifies approval, while shaking the head indicates a negative r

26、eaction. Other forms of nonlinguistic language can be found in Braille (a system of raised dots read with the fingertips), signal flags, Morse code, and smoke signals. Road maps and picture sighs also guide warn, and instruct people. While verbalization（用语言表达）is the most common form of language, oth

27、er systems and techniques also express human thoughts and feeling.Which of the following statements best summarizes this passage? A) When language is a barrier, people will find other forms of communication. B) Everybody uses only one form of communication. C) Nonlinguistic language is invaluable to

28、 foreigners. D) Although other forms of communication exist verbalization is the fastest. 这篇文章共有四段, 谈的是肢体语言。第一段的前两句谈到人们尽管利用多种形式 根据不同的阅读目的, 我们可以采取不同的方法。一般来说阅读方法有3种：skimming, scanning , reading for full understanding。第二段, 第三段的首句从两个不同的方面引出了肢体语言的功能与分类。最后一段予以总结, 强调肢体语言在表达人类思想和感情方面的作用,与第一段的呼应。正确答案应是A。 练习:

29、 Read the following passage and decide which of the choices most adequately sums up the idea of the paragraph(s) indicated. Canning Food Food which is kept too long decays because it is attacked by yeast, moulds and bacteria. The canning process, however, seals the product in a container so that no

30、infection can reach it, and then it is sterilized by heat. Heat sterilization destroys all infections present in food inside the can. No chemical preservatives are necessary, and properly canned food does not deteriorate during storage. The principle was discovered in 1809 by a Frenchman called Nico

31、las Appert. He corked food lightly in wide-necked glass bottles and immersed them in a bath of hot water to drive out the air, then he hammered the corks down to seal the jars hermetically (牢牢地). Apperts discovery was rewarded by the French government because better preserved food supplies were need

32、ed for Napoleons troops on distant campaigns. By 1814 an English manufacture had replaced Apperts glass jars with metal containers and was supplying timed vegetable soup and meat to the British navy. The next scientific improvement, in 1860, was the result of Louis Pasteurs work on sterilization through the application of scien