高考语法点.docx

1、高考语法点2011年高考备考英语语法知识必考点高考对英语知识分为必考点、常考点、轮考点和暂时不考点。考前冲刺时间短，努力夯实必考点以取得最佳的效果。通过对近几年的高考试题的分析，以下考点为必考点：动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、情态动词、动词短语、从句、冠词和代词。现将其重点内容分述如下： 动词的时态和语态 1.一般现在时：常考方向（1）表示目前的情况。（2）表示将来时。（3）表示某人拥有的一种技能。（5）在时间、条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。【高考真题回顾】1.【2010辽宁卷】30. I all the cooking for my family, but recently I

2、ve been too busy to do it.A. will do B. do C. am doing D. had done 答案： B句意：我为一家人做饭，但是最近我太忙不能做了。解析：考查动词时态。第一句表示现阶段的一种状况，所以用一般现在时态。2.【2010全国II 】9.Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who_evening dress.A.wear B.wears C.has worn D.have worn 答案：B解析：考查主谓一致和时态。首先the only one of .

3、为先行词时，定语从句修饰的是one，即one是主语，而非后面的复数women，根据主谓一致的原则，谓语动词应该用复数，排除A，D。另外，从“is”可以看出句子是要表示一种习惯，因此要用一般现在时，排除C，故选B。3. 【2010上海28】 Every few years, the coal workers their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health. A. are having B. have C. have had D. had had答案：B考点：本题考查时态。解析：根据时间状语every few years,可判断本句应为一般现在时，因此答案选B

4、。37.【2010重庆29】The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building _now. A. remains B. is remained C. is remaining D. has been remained答案A考点：考查时态。解析： remain在这儿意思是“剩下，余留”，为不及物动词，整句话是对现在事实的陈述，所以用一般现在时。选 A项。【2011最新模拟训练】 2.现在完成时：查考方向（1）现在完成时常和以下时间状语连用：so far，since引

5、导的状语连用，during、in、over the last few years（months，weeks），in recent years等。（2）下列句型中常用现在完成时：It is （has been）+ 一段时间+since从句This（That、It）is the first （second。）time that+完成时This（That、It）is the only+that从句+完成时This（That、It）is the best、finest+that从句+完成时（3）在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。【高考真题回顾】1.【10山东30】Up to now

6、, the program _ thousands of children who would otherwise have died. A. would save B. saves C. had saved D. has saved答案:D考点：本题考查动词时态的用法。解析：句意应为“截止到现在，这个项目已经挽救了成千上万的本来会死去的孩子的生命。”up to now是现在完成时态的标志，所以空格处使用现在完成时态。2.【10四川16】一When shall we restart our business?一Not until we our plan Awill finish Bare fi

7、nishingCare to finish Dhave finished答案：D 考点：考查动词时态。解析：在状语从句中，经常用一般现在时表将来时，用现在完成时表将来完成时。此处为until引导的时间状语从句，故用现在完成时，选D。意为“直到我们完成我们的计划，我们才重新开始我们的生意。”3.【10全国21】When you are home , give a call to let me know you _ safely. A. are arriving B. have arrived C. had arrived D. will arrive答案：B句意：当你到家的时候，打电话给我让我知

8、道你已经到家了。解答：根据选项此题考察时态。此题可以根据句意也可以使用排除法。 句意为“当你到家的时候，打电话给我让我知道你已经到家了”B选项使用现在完成时表示将来完成，译为“已经”。同时也可以使用排除法，arrive既可以使用现在进行时表示将来也可以用will + do表示将来，因此A和D同时排除，C为过去完成时，使用过去完成时时句中一定要有一般过去时，过去完成时是过去的过去，因此C也排除，选择B. 4.【10北京26】-Im sorry, but I dont quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 2

9、0?-Sorry, I myself clear. We want to return on October 20. A. hadnt made B. wouldnt make C. dont make D. havent made答案：D考点: 时态解析：上文说没听清是几号回来。而下文则说很抱歉我没说清楚。根据句意我们只能选didnt make或者havent made. 那落在选项中我们只能选择D。A. hadnt made过去完成时表过去的过去，不符合题意。B. wouldnt make过去将来时时态不正确。C一般现在时不正确。5【10浙江15】For many years, peopl

10、e electric cars. However, making them has been more difficult than predicted. Ahad dreamed of Bhave dreamed of Cdreamed of Ddream of答案：B考点：本题考查时态。解析：根据句意：许多年来，人们都一直梦想着电动汽车。然而，制造它们比想象要难得多。由此，推断此处的梦想从过去到现在，并由此延伸。目前，市场上已经有了电动汽车，所以应用现在完成时。【2011最新模拟训练】 3.一般过去时：常考方向（1）表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常和过去的具体时间状语连用；（2）表示过去的习

11、惯；（3）表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去时。【2010考题回顾】1. 【0全国19】Excuse me I_I was blocking your way. A. didnt realize B. dont realize C. havent realized D. wasnt realizing答案：A考点：时态考查。解析：结合语境，后文暗示过去时。2.【10重庆24】The book has been translated into thirty languages since it on the market in 1973. A. had come B. has co

12、me C. came D. comes答案C考点：考查时态。解析： since引导的从句作状语时，主句通常用完成时，而从句用一般过去时，所以选C项。 4.过去进行时 常考方向（1）过去某一时刻的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生的动作。（2）某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个在由when或while引导的时间状语从句中。【2010考题回顾】1.【10全国21】Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?No , I _ my homework all day yesterday. A. was doing B. would do C. has done D. do

13、答案A 句意：你读完了Jane Eyre吗？没有，我昨天一直做作业。解答：根据选项此题考察时态，此题可以根据句意解答，也可以使用排除法。A表示一段时间内持续进行且未完成的动作使用进行时。题干中有all day yesterday时间提示为过去，应该选择与过去相关的时态，排除D。B为过去将来时不符合题意，C过去完成时是过去的过去，使用过去完成时题目中需要有一般过去时，题干中没有一般过去时因此也排除。2. 【10湖南31】I walked slowly through the market, where people all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I st

14、udied the prices carefully and bought what I needed. A. sell B. were selling C. had sold D. have sold 答案：B考点：考查动词时态。解析：根据“I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed”的提示可判断此处表示“人们当时正在出售各种水果和蔬菜”，即表示过去某时正在发生的动作，故选B项。 5.过去完成时： 常考方向（1）by、by the end of、by the time、until、before、since后接表示某一时间的的

15、短语或从句时，其主句用过去完成时。（2）表示未曾实现的愿望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had hoped、planned、meant、intended、thought、wanted、expected等，或用上述动词过去式接不等式表示，即：hoped、planned+to have done。【2010考题回顾】1.【10安徽28】-Were you surprised by the ending of the film?-No, I _the book, so I already knew the story?A. was reading B. had read C. am reading D.

16、 have read答案：B. 考点：本题考查时态用法。解析：句意为“我看过书了，已知道这个故事”。在“knew”前已看过，故用过去完成时。2.【10湖南27】I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone it. Was it you?A. has done B. had done C. would do D. will do 答案：B考点：考查动词时态。解析：该空动作发生在was just going to cut之前，即表示过去的过去，故用过去完成时态。句意为：“我正要剪切我的蔷薇丛但（发现）有人已经将它剪切了。是你干的吗？”3.【1

17、0江苏30】Peter , where did you guys go for the summer vacation?We_ busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves. A. were B. have been C. had been D. will be 选C. 考查时态题. 我们去海边发生在过去. 而我们忙于工作在此之前. 因此用过去完成时. 4.【10北京28】It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate

18、what they _ for me. A. had done B. did C. would do D. were doing答案：A考点:本题考查过去完成时和一般过去时的区别。解析：整个句子时态用的是一般过去时，我能够表示感谢就已经是过去，而他们对我的帮助则是过去的过去。因此选A。 6.一般将来时：表示未来的动作或状态常用will / shall + 动词（常与表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrow、next week等）。表示一种趋向或习惯动作。Well die without air or water.表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进行

19、时的形式表示将来时。be going to与will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及区别：be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；shall / will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。如：If it is fine, well go fishing.(正确)If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.(错误)be to do sth.表按计划、安排

20、即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。A meeting is to be held at 3:00 oclock this afternoon.be about to do sth.表示“即可，就要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。Autumn harvest is about to start.【考题回顾】If their marketing plans succeed, they _ their sales by 20 percent. （全国卷A）A. will increase B. have been increasingC. have increased D. wo

21、uld be increasing 7.现在完成进行时：【2010考题回顾】1. 【10重庆31】 -Why do you want to work for our company?-This is the job that I for. A. looked B. am to look C. had looked D. have been looking答案D考点：考查时态。解析：由句意：这就是我一直寻找的工作可知用现在完成进行时，表示从过去某个时刻发生的动作一直持续到现在，并且有可能持续下去。2.【10辽宁24】Joseph _to evening classes since last mo

22、nth, but he still cant say “Whats your name?”in Russian. Ahas been going Bwent Cgoes Dhas gone答案：A句意：约瑟夫自从上个月就一直去夜校，可是他仍然不能用俄语说“你叫什么名字？”。解析：考查时态。句中since last month，表示“自从上个月起”根据but后的句意，说明动作从过去发生到现在一直在进行着，所以要用现在完成进行时态。3.【10陕西21】I have to see the doctor because I a lot lately. A. have been coughing B.

23、had coughed C. coughed D. coughA. 【解析】考查动词时态。由时间状语lately可知此处表示现阶段一直在进行的动作或存在的状态，且强调其持续性，用现在完成进行时，选A。4.【10江苏23】why, Jack, you look so tired! Well, I _the house and I must finish the work tomorrow. A. was painting B. will be painting C. have painted D. have been painting选D。我给房子上油漆一直进行到现在，而且到明天才会完成。所以用

24、现在完成进行时5.【10天津4】We on this project for four hours. Lets have a rest. A. are working B. have been working C. worked D. had worked答案：B. 考点：考查动词时态。句意：我们在这项工程上一直工作了四个小时了。咱们休息一会。解析：从句子的时间状语for four hours和后面的句子Lets have a rest可知，动作从过去发生，到说话的时候一直在进行着，所以此处要用现在完成进行时态。6.【10江西30】 Mother wanted to be a good pro

25、vider, a role she _ since her marriage to Father. A shoulders B shouldered C is shouldering D has been shouldering答案：考点：考察时态。解析：在本句since 表示自从过去到现在, 所以用现在完成时, 现在完成进行时为现在完成时的一种。7. 【10湖南34】 Im tired out. . I all afternoon and I dont seem to have finished anything. A. shopped B. have shopped C. had shop

26、ped D. have been shopping 答案D考点：考查动词时态。解析：句意为：“我现在很累。我整个下午一直在购物，我好像什么事都没做成似的。”由语境可判断选D项。8. 【10安徽34】-Weve spent too much money recently. -well, it isnt surprising. Our friend and relatives _around all the time A. are coming B. had come C. were coming D. have been coming答案：D. 考点：本题考查时态用法。解析：句意为“近来我们花了

27、太多钱了。-并不惊奇，近来朋友和亲戚总是来访。”用have been coming表示从过去到现在一直所发生的动作。 8.现在进行时：表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时；表近期特定的安排或计划；go、come等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时。如：It is raining now. He is teaching English and learning Chinese.I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight. We are leaving on Friday.At six I am bathing the baby.(I start bathin

28、g the bady before six.)The girl is always talking loud in public.(与always、often等频度副词连用，表经常反复的行动或某种感情色彩)下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。（A）表示心理状态、情感的动作：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need。（B）表存在的状态的动词：appear, exist, lie, remain, seem belong to, depend on。（C）表示一时性动作的动词：allow,

29、 accept, permit, promise, admit, complete。（D）表示感官的动词：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look。【2010考题回顾】1.【10北京24】-Im not finished with my dinner yet. -But our friends for us. A. will wait B. wait C. have waited D. are waiting答案：D考点:本题也是在语境中考查学生对时态的灵活运用。解析：第一个说话人说我还没吃完饭呢，而下面的人则说但是我们的朋友们都在等

30、我们了根据第一个人还没进行完吃饭的动作，而第二个人又开始催促，我们得知朋友们此时正在等他们。所以用进行时are waiting更符合句意。2 Have you got any job offers?- No. I _.(2008辽宁卷D)A. waited B. had been waiting C. have waited D. am waiting3. Teenagers their health because they play computer games too much. （2008重庆B）A. have damaged B. are damaging C. damaged D.

31、 will damage 被动语态必考点被动语态的构成方式：be + 过去分词，口语只也有用get / become + 过去分词表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态（by短语有时可以省略）。（1）使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。主动变化被动时双宾语的变化。看下列例句。My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.I was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday.主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）；（作补语的）不