1、考研英语真题含答案解析2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. the fruit-fly experiments
2、 described in Carl Zimmers piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly to live shorter lives. This suggests that bulbs burn longer, that there is an in not being too terrifically bright.Intelligence, it out, is a high-priced option. It
3、takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow the starting line because it depends on learning a gradual instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things theyve apparently learned is when to .Is there an adaptive value to intelligence? Thats the question behind
4、this new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance at all the species weve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real of our own intelligence might be. This is the mind of every animal Ive ever met.Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments
5、 animals would on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, , is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. we believe that animals ran the labs, they would test us to the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. They would try to decide what intellig
6、ence in humans is really 17 , not merely how much of it there is. , they would hope to study a question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in? the results are inconclusive.1. A Suppose B Consider C Observe D Imagine2. A tended B feared C happened D threatened3. A thinner B stabler C l
7、ighter D dimmer4. A tendency B advantage C inclination D priority5. A insists on B sums up C turns out D puts forward6. A off B behind C over D along7. A incredible B spontaneous C inevitable D gradual8. A fight B doubt C stop D think9. A invisible B limited C indefinite D different10. A upward B fo
8、rward C afterward D backward11. A features B influences C results D costs12. A outside B on C by D across13. A deliver B carry C perform D apply14. A by chance B in contrast C as usual D for instance15. A if B unless C as D lest16. A moderate B overcome C determine D reach17. A at B for C after D wi
9、th18. A Above all B After all C However D Otherwise19. A fundamental B comprehensive C equivalent D hostile20. A By accident B In time C So far D Better stillSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.
10、 Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd, William Wordsworth said in the 19th centur
11、y. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word habit carries a negative connotation.So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic path
12、s, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.But dont bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, theyre there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create
13、 parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder, says Dawna Markova, author of The Open Mind and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. But we are taught instead to decide, just as our president calls h
14、imself the Decider. She adds, however, that to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.All of us work through problems in ways of which were unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960 covered that humans are b
15、orn with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At puberty, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes o
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