版新高考英语二轮复习 浙京津鲁琼版课件+讲义语法填空 第二部分 第三节.docx

1、版新高考英语二轮复习 浙京津鲁琼版课件+讲义语法填空 第二部分 第三节第三节名词、冠词和数词1One study showed that (woman) who drank a lot of coffee，like eight or more cups per day，while were pregnant were more likely to have children with birth defects.(201811月浙江)答案women解析考查名词复数。此处泛指喝大量咖啡的妇女，指某一类人用名词复数。下文中的they也是提示。故填women。2Making Chinese (dis

2、h) is seen as especially troublesome.(20186月浙江)答案dishes解析考查名词复数。dish菜肴，为可数名词，中式菜肴有很多种，故此处用dish的复数形式。3A mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from (cause)(2018全国)答案causes解析考查名词复数。cause表示“原因，起因”时是可数名词，前面有all，故填cause的复数形式。4This trend，which was start

3、ed by the medical community(医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease，has had unintended side (effect) such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight.(2017全国)答案effects解析考查名词复数。side effect副作用，由前面的some和下文中的两个例子overweight and heart disease可知名词effect用复数形式ef

4、fects。5It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.(2017全国)答案crowds解析考查名词复数。crowd是可数名词，且前面没有限定词，故应用复数形式。6She has turned down (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.(2017全国)答案in

5、vitations解析考查名词复数。several表“几个”，其后要用名词invitation的复数形式。7Last October，while tending her garden in Mora，Sweden，Lena Pahlsson pulled out small (carrot) and was about to throw them away.(2017浙江)答案carrots解析考查名词复数。a handful of一把，几个，后接可数名词的复数形式。a handful of carrots几个胡萝卜。8Recent (study) that we are far more p

6、roductive at work if we take short breaks regularly.(2016全国)答案studies解析考查名词复数。根据后面的谓语动词show，表示复数形式，故主语也应是复数形式。提示词是名词，首先分析句子，确认不需要改变词性，就可以考虑用名词复数形式。一些标志词可以快速确认。1修饰词one of名词复数。大于2的基数词，different，various，many，these/those，few，a few，several，all，both，other，a (large) number of，a couple of，a dozen of，dozens

7、of，a handful of 后用名词复数。some后如果名词可数，要用复数。2谓语动词：如果所填的名词作主语，谓语动词是复数形式are，were，have或动词原形，则用名词复数。3特殊的复数名词 belongings n财产possessions n财产congratulations祝贺surroundings n环境findings n发现good/bad manners n有礼貌/没礼貌take turns轮流in all directions四面八方in ruins严重受损；破败不堪1In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have

8、 reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements，leading to (believe) that populations are increasing.(2019全国)答案belief解析考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处为名词形式，故填belief。2We are so proud of her.Its (wonder)(2019全国)答案wonderful 解析考查形容词作表语。根据句子结构可知，在系动词is之后应用形容词作表语，故填wonderful。3When they were fr

9、ee from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of interesting (compete) to watch，together with the story behind it.(2019全国) 答案competition解析考查名词。由空前的an interesting可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填competition。4They also shared with us many (tradition) about Hawaii that were hugely popular with tourists.

10、(2019全国)答案traditional解析考查形容词。空格处修饰名词stories，应用形容词，tradition的形容词形式为traditional，故填traditional。5Other American studies showed (connect) between uniforms and school performance.(2019浙江)答案connection/connections解析考查名词。no是形容词，修饰名词，connect的名词形式为connection表示“联系，关联”，为可数名词，故填connection/connections。6School unif

11、orms (tradition) in Britain，but some schools are starting to get rid of them.(20196月浙江)答案traditional解析考查形容词。are是系动词，其后常用形容词作表语，tradition是名词，“传统”的意思，因此，用其形容词形式。故填traditional。7Its never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy (meaning) college experience.(2019北京)答案meaningful解析考查形容词。这里与前

12、面的healthy并列，修饰后面的名词college experience，故此处也要用形容词形式。故填meaningful。8Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in (weigh) problems.(20186月浙江)答案weight解析考查词形转换。此处应用名词作定语修饰problems，weight problems意为“体重问题”。9To avoid knee pain，you can r

13、un on soft surfaces，do exercises (strength) your leg muscles(肌肉)，avoid hills and get good running shoes.(2018全国)答案strengthen解析考查词性转换之名词变动词。此处不定式短语作目的状语，故填strength的动词形式strengthen。10Running is cheap，easy and its always (energy)(2018全国)答案energetic解析考查词性转换之名词变形容词。连系动词is后接形容词作表语，故填energy的形容词形式energetic。1

14、1According to the World Bank，China accounts for about 30 percent of total (globe) .(2018全国)答案global解析考查词性转换之名词变为形容词。修饰名词短语fertilizer consumption应用形容词，名词globe的形容词形式是global。12My name is Mireya Mayor.Im a (science) studies animals such as apes and monkeys.(2018全国)答案scientist解析考查词形转换之名词构词法。由空后的who可知，定语从

15、句的先行词是表示人的名词。scientist科学家。(一)提示词是名词，首先分析句子，如需要改变词性，根据语境确认用哪种词性。构词法常见的词根词缀en动词后缀strengthstrengthen加强frightfrighten使害怕lengthlengthen延长fy 动词后缀beautybeautify美化qualificationqualify使取得(资格)classclassify分类ize/ise动词后缀apologyapologiz(s)e道歉memorymemorize记住常见形容词后缀sunsunny阳光充足的fogfoggy有雾的wealthwealthy富有的healthhe

16、althy健康的noisenoisy吵闹的adviseadvisable明智的，可取的comfortcomfortable舒服的acceptacceptable可接受的educationeducational有教育意义的seasonseasonal季节的additionadditional附加的，额外的accidentaccidental意外的woodwooden木制的goldgolden金色的differdifferent不同的insistinsistent坚持的dependdependent依赖的foolfoolish愚蠢的selfselfish自私的childchildish孩子气的ac

17、tactive积极的impressimpressive印象深刻的powerpowerful强有力的peacepeaceful和平的beautybeautiful美丽的wonderwonderful很棒的helphelpful有帮助的homehomeless无家可归的hopehopeless绝望的helphelpless无助的famefamous有名的envyenvious羡慕的humorhumorous幽默的ambitionambitious有野心的cautioncautious谨慎的friendfriendly友好的orderorderly有秩序的timetimely及时的monthmont

18、hly每月的daydaily每天的promisepromising有前途的rewardrewarding值得的lastlasting持续的appealappealing吸引人的inviteinviting诱人的varietyvarious多种多样的valuevaluable珍贵的benefitbeneficial有益的energyenergetic充满活力的名词以ce结尾，形容词以t结尾confidenceconfident自信的 eleganceelegant优雅的 patiencepatient有耐心的evidenceevident明显的intelligenceintelligent有才智

19、的，智能的violenceviolent暴力的，剧烈的(二)提示词是动词，首先分析句子并根据语境标志词确认是否需要填名词。1句子结构设空作主语，或者作及物动词、动词短语或介词的宾语，填名词。系动词之后，含义是“什么”，用名词。2语境标志词冠词 (形容词)名词。形容词性物主代词、所有格、数词、量词、形容词之后， 往往用名词。and/but/or 并列连词连接并列成分。3动词变名词规律常见的名词后缀ness，ment，tion，ance，siondescribedescription描述 permitpermission允许applyapplication申请；应用argueargument争论c

20、oncludeconclusion结论dependdependence依赖动词al变成名词arrivearrival到达approveapproval批准；赞同withdrawwithdrawal撤回；取款disposedisposal处理proposeproposal建议；求婚survivesurvival幸存1Of nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations，three are declining，six are stable，one is increasing，and nine lack enough data.(2019全国)答案the解

21、析考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。2When we got a call saying she was shortlisted，we thought it was joke.(2019全国)答案a解析考查冠词。根据句意“我们还以为这是一个玩笑” 可知，此处joke为泛指，且joke的发音以辅音音素开头故填a。3Everybody wears same style of clothes.(20196月浙江)答案the解析句意为：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。4Corn productio

22、n has jumped nearly 125 percent over past 25 years，while rice has increased only 7 percent.(2018全国)答案the解析考查冠词。此处特指过去的25年，故用定冠词the。5Unexpectedly，Im facetoface with the gorilla，who begins screaming at top of her lungs.(2018全国)答案the解析考查冠词。at the top of ones lungs用最响亮的声音，放声大叫，为固定搭配。6As result，people wi

23、ll eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.(2017全国)答案a解析考查固定搭配中的冠词。as a result结果。7Instead，she is earning 6,500 a day as model in New York.(2017全国)答案a解析考查冠词。句意为：相反，她在纽约作为一名模特每天收入6 500英镑。用不定冠词a表泛指。8For Pahlsson，its return was wonder.(20176月浙江)答案a解析考查冠词。a wonder一个奇迹。1定冠词the 上文提及，独一无二

24、，普通名词构成的专有名词前，西洋乐器前，序数词前，最高级前，用定冠词the。含有修饰限定词的结构中“theadj.”表示一类人the定语名词the名词定语从句/非谓语作定语the very/only名词the same2泛指，表“一个”用a/an。往往没有修饰限定词，a/an(形容词)单数可数名词首字母是元音字母，但发辅音，用冠词a，如a university，auseful/usual/unique/united/European/oneeyed/oneway 名词以u开头，但用an(往往是un否定前缀)：anunusual/unhappy/unforgettable名词，an umbrel

25、la雨伞首字母是辅音字母但发元音： an hour，an honor，anhonest名词3固定搭配中的冠词定冠词thecatch/hit/takesb.介the身体部位，in the 1990s，on the Internet，in/over/during the past days/months/years在过去的日/月/年，make the most/best of充分利用，in the countryside在乡下，be in the habit of有的习惯，at the same time同时，at the top of在的顶端，for the time being暂时，the o

26、ther daya few days ago几天前，on the way在途中，in the long term/run长远看来，the more.，the more.句型不定冠词a/anhave a good time玩得高兴，make a living谋生，as a result因此，for a while一会，in a hurry匆忙地，in a word总之，at a distance离一段距离，a waste of.浪费，a matter of.的问题，have a good knowledge of 精通；掌握，make an apology道歉，pay a visit to拜访，

27、keep an eye on照看；关注抽象名词具体化：表示一个的人/事a success/pleasure/comfort/surprise/failureonefirst，twosecond，threethird，fivefiftheighteighth，nineninth，twelvetwelfth，twentytwentieth，thirtythirtieth增分训练增分单句训练.单句语法填空1Welloff families are ruled by calendars，with children participating in ballet，soccer and afterscho

28、ol programs，according to new Pew Research Center survey.答案a解析第一次提到这个调查，表示“一个”，用a/an，又因为new的发音是以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。故填 a。2It is unforgettable for me to see the huge coca cola billboard shown on unnamed long and narrow street.答案an解析此处是泛指一条无名的长而狭窄的街道，所以用不定冠词。因为unnamed的发音以元音音素开头，所以用an。3It also stressed that

29、 admissions are not only based on test scores but a comprehensive (assess) of each applicant.答案assessment解析此处是“aadj.n.”的结构，assess的名词形式为assessment，意为“一个综合评价”。4In January，many Shanghai youngsters handed in proposals on issues ranging from network security and the future city to the protection of (trad

30、ition) culture.答案traditional解析根据后面的名词可以确认前面需要填形容词。所以填traditional。5Despite a vague (describe) of the remote mountain village，the explorers had no difficulty finding it with the help of the locals.答案description解析此处是“aadj.n.”的结构。特别注意describe变成名词是不规则变化，其名词形式为description。6If we can give more than receive，well (strength) the harmony among peo