不锈钢表面氩弧熔覆WC涂层工艺及组织研究.docx

1、不锈钢表面氩弧熔覆WC涂层工艺及组织研究摘 要本文以WC粉、Ni60粉为原料在1Cr18Ni9Ti表面采用氩弧熔覆技术制备出耐磨熔覆涂层。研究了熔覆电流、熔覆速度、涂层厚度及粉末配比对熔覆涂层组织及性能的影响；利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）分析了涂层的组织结构，利用显微硬度计和滑动磨损试验机对熔覆涂层的硬度和摩擦磨损性能进行测试。优选出了最佳配比（WC：Ni60=1：2）和最佳工艺参数：熔覆电流110A，熔覆速度8mm/s，涂层厚度1.2mm。研究结果表明：熔覆层与基体结合良好，无裂纹、气孔等缺陷；熔覆层显微硬度最高值可达1050HV，熔覆涂层的耐磨性是1Cr18N

2、i9Ti不锈钢基体的15倍，且随着WC含量的增加，耐磨性能也相应提高，在磨损过程中并没有WC颗粒脱落的现象。通过对磨损形貌的分析，熔覆涂层的磨损机理是磨粒磨损，氩弧熔覆涂层在室温干滑动磨损条件下表现出了优异的耐磨损性能。关键词：氩弧熔覆；WC；显微组织；耐磨性 AbstractIn this paper, using WC powder, Ni60 powder as the raw material in the 1Cr18Ni9Ti surface by argon arc cladding technology preparation of the cladding layer. By

3、means of optical microscope, scanning electron microscope ( SEM ), X ray diffraction ( XRD ) were observed and analyzed the structure of the coating, micro hardness, study of cladding parameters on the cladding quality influence. The use of sliding wear test machine, coating on friction and wear pro

4、perties of.Optimum ratio ( WC:Ni60=1:2) parameters: cladding current of 110A, cladding rate of 8mm/s, coating thickness of 1.2mm.Research results show that: the cladding layer with good adhesion, no cracks, defects such as pores; cladding micro hardness maximum is 1050HV, cladding coating wear resis

5、tance is 15 times of 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel substrate, and with the increase of WC content, wear resistance also increased, in the process of wear particles and no WC the phenomenon of falling. The worn surface morphology analysis, cladding coating wear mechanism is abrasive wear, argon arc clad

6、ding coating at room temperature under dry sliding wear condition showed excellent wear resistance.KeyWords: argon arc cladding; powder WC; micro hardness; microstructure; wear mechanism目 录摘 要 IAbstract II第1章 绪论 11.1 表面熔覆技术 11.1.1 氧乙炔火焰熔覆技术 21.1.2 感应熔覆技术 21.1.3 激光熔覆技术 31.1.4 等离子熔覆技术 31.1.5 氩弧熔覆技术 41

7、.2 熔覆材料的选择 51.2.1 Ni基合金粉末 61.2.2 Co基自熔性合金粉末 61.2.3 Fe基自熔性合金粉末 61.2.4 陶瓷粉末 71.2.5 复合粉末 71.3 本论文研究的目的、意义和主要内容 81.3.1 研究的目的和意义 81.3.2 研究的主要内容及技术路线 8第2章 试验的材料和方法 102.1 试验的材料 102.1.1 母材金属 102.1.2 熔覆材料 102.2 熔覆层的制备方法及设备 112.2.1 预制涂层原始粉末的配比 112.2.2 试样的制备 112.2.3 氩弧熔覆设备 122.3 熔覆涂层的组织及性能测试 122.3.1 金相试样的制备方法

8、122.3.2 复合涂层显微硬度的测试 132.3.3 复合涂层的摩擦磨损测试 13第3章 1Cr18Ni9Ti钢氩弧熔覆WC涂层工艺研究 143.1 熔覆工艺参数对涂层质量的影响 143.1.1 熔覆电流的影响 143.1.2 熔覆速度的影响 163.1.3 预置涂层厚度的影响 183.2 熔覆材料对涂层质量的影响 193.2.1 WC含量对熔覆层显微组织的影响 193.2.2 WC含量对熔覆层显微硬度的影响 20第4章 氩弧熔覆WC涂层微观组织结构 224.1 熔覆层截面组织特征 224.2 熔覆层显微组织的物相分析 234.3 熔覆层中的能谱分析 24第5章 氩弧熔覆WC涂层摩擦磨损分析

9、 255.1 WC含量对熔覆层的摩擦系数的影响 255.2 熔覆层的磨损性能 275.3 磨损机理分析 28结论 29致谢 30参考文献 31CONTENTSAbstrace(Chinese) IAbstract(English) IIChapter 1 introduction 1 1.1 Surface cladding technology 11.1.1 Oxy-acetylene flame cladding technology 21.1.2 Induction cladding technology 21.1.3 Laser cladding technology 31.1.4 P

10、lasma cladding technology 31.1.5 Argon arc cladding technology 41.2 Choice of cladding material 51.2.1 Ni-base alloy powder 61.2.2 Co-based self-fluxing alloy powder 61.2.3 Fe-based self-fluxing alloy powder 61.2.4 ceramic powder 71.2.5 composite powder 71.3 Purpose, meaning, and the main content of

11、 this thesis research 81.3.1 Research purpose and significance 81.3.2 Research content and techniques 8Chapter 2 Testing of materials and methods 102.1 Testing of materials 102.1.1 Base metal 102.1.2 Cladding material 102.2 Cladding layer of preparation method and device 112.2.1 Prefabricated origin

12、al powder coating composition 112.2.2 Preparation of test speciments 112.2.3 Argon arc cladding device 122.3 Organization and performance test of cladding coatings 122.3.1 Metallographic sample preparation methods 122.3.2 Composite Coating hardness test 132.3.3 Friction and wear testing of composite

13、 coating 13Chapter 3 1Cr18Ni9Ti steel argon arc cladding of WC coating technology 143.1 Cladding of influence of process parameters on quality of coated 143.1.1 Effect of Cladding current 143.1.2 Effect of cladding speed 163.1.3 Preset effect of coating thickness 183.2 Influence on quality of coated

14、 cladding material 193.2.1 Effect of WC content on microstructure of clad layer 193.2.2 Effect of WC content on cladding layer hardness 20Chapter 4 Argon arc cladding of WC coating microstructure 224.1 Characteristics of cladding layer cross-organization 224.2 Phase analysis of microstructure of cla

15、d layer 234.3 Energy spectrum analysis of cladding layer 24Chapter 5 Argon arc cladding of WC coating on friction and wear analysis 255.1 WC content on friction coefficient of cladding layer effects 255.2 Wear properties of cladding layer 275.3 The analysis of wear mechanism 28Conclusion 29Acknowledgement 30Reference 31第1章 绪论随着现代工业的迅速发展，不锈钢在金属制品、建筑装潢、机械工程、电子电机、交通运输等行业中的用途越来越广。很多机械零部件要在高温、高压、高速或高度自动化的条件下长期稳定地工作，因而对材料的性能提出了很高的要求，然而金属材料在使用的过程中也暴露出了明显的缺点。工件的表面往往最先受力，也是接受摩擦和腐蚀介质等最多的地方，多是其失效开始的地方：摩擦磨损在零件表面发生，腐蚀从零件表面开始，疲劳裂纹由零件表面向里延伸。而其失效带来的损失是非常严重的。根据我国冶金、电力等部门的不完全统计