牛津英语模块七第一单元知识点讲解.docx

1、牛津英语模块七第一单元知识点讲解U1 重点词汇讲解1. contribute v. 出（钱 力 主意等）；捐助；捐赠；贡献： (sth.) (to/towards sth.)1) contribute (ten pounds) to a charity collection 捐献（十镑）给慈善事业 2) contribute aid for refugees 向难民提供援助 3) Everyone should contribute what he or she can afford. 人人都应该尽自己的能力作贡献。 4) The chairman encourages everyone to

2、 contribute to the discussion. 主席鼓励大家参与讨论。 to sth. 增加某事物; 添加到某事物中: Her work has contributed enormously to our understanding of this difficult subject. 她的着作极有助於我们对这个困难问题的了解。 to sth. help to cause sth 促成某事物: Does smoking contribute to lung cancer? 吸烟会导致肺癌吗？ (sth.) to sth. write (articles, etc) for a p

3、ublication 撰稿；投（稿）：She has contributed (several poems) to literary magazines. 她给文学刊物投了（几首诗）稿。2. adopt sb. (as sth.) 收养某人（尤指作为儿女或继承人）；过继：1) Having no children of their own they decided to adopt an orphan. 他们因没有亲生儿女, 所以决定领养一个孤儿。2) Pauls mother had him adopted because she couldnt look after him herself

4、. 保罗的母亲因为自己无力抚养他, 便将他送给别人收养了。3) He is their adopted son. 他是他们的养子。 sb. as sth. 挑选某人作候选人或代表:She has been adopted as Labour candidate for York. 她被提名为约克郡的工党候选人。采纳；采取；采用：adopt a name, a custom, an idea, a style of dress 取名随俗采纳一意见采用一服装式样 adopt a hard line towards terrorists 对恐怖分子采取强硬态度 adoption n. 收养；过继；挑

5、选；采纳；采取；采用；接受：1) offer a child for adoption 将孩子送给他人收养 2) This textbook has had adoptions in many countries. 这本教科书已被很多国家采用。adoptive adj. 有收养关系的；过继的；采纳的；接受的：his adoptive parents 他的养父养母3. delay v. 使（某人）慢或迟到; 耽搁; 延误: 1) ., In/pr, Tn_Dont delay! Book your holiday today! 别拖延！今天就定下你休假的日子！2) She delayed (fo

6、r) two hours and missed the train. 她耽搁两个小时, 把火车误了。3) I was delayed by the traffic. 因交通阻塞，我迟到了。推迟（某事）；延期：1) We must delay our journey until the weather improves. 我们必须把旅行推迟，等天气好转再说。 2) Why have they delayed opening the school? 他们为什麽延期开学？delay n. 耽搁；延误；推迟；延期：We must leave without delay. 我们必须立即离开. 被耽搁或推

7、迟的时间： There was a delay (of two hours) before the plane took off. 飞机起飞推迟了（两个小时）。4. accessible adj.可接近的；可进入的；可使用的： (to sb.)1) a beach accessible only from the sea 只能从海上到达的沙滩 2) documents not accessible to the public 公众无法接触到的文件.access n. (to sth.)（接近或进入某地的）方法；通路：1) The only access to the farmhouse is

8、across the fields. 要到那农舍去唯有穿过田地。2) The village is easy/difficult of access. 到那个村子的路很容易很难走。 (to sth./sb.)（使用某物或接近某人的）机会或权利：1) get access to classified information 得到接触秘密情报的机会 2) Students must have access to a good library. 学生要有使用好图书馆的便利条件。 3) Only high officials had access to the president. 只有高级官员才可以

9、接近总统。access v. 存取（计算机文件）: 1) She accessed three different files to find the correct information. 她存取了三个文件以找寻所要的信息。2) The files were accessed every day to keep them up to date. 文件每日存取, 使之不断更新。5. tear v. (tore, torn) 将（某物）撕开扯下或撕碎：1) tear a sheet of paper in two 把一张纸撕成两半 2) a torn handkerchief 撕破的手帕 3)

10、 He tore his shirt on a nail. 他的衬衣让钉子挂破了。4) tear a parcel open 把包裹撕开（在某物上）撕，扯，划，刺（洞或裂口）：The explosion tore a hole in the wall. 墙炸开一个洞。 撕下，撕掉，扯下，扯掉（某物）：tear a page out of a book, a notice down from a wall, the leaves off a tree 撕下一页书从墙上撕下布告从树上揪下树叶 sb from sb./sth. 强行使某人离开某人某物；夺去；揪走：The child was torn

11、 from its mothers arms. 把孩子从母亲怀抱中夺走了。撕碎；撕裂；撕破： 1) This cloth tears easily. 这布料容易撕破。 2) Dont pull the pages so hard or they will tear. 别那麽使劲扯书页，那会撕破的。破坏（某物）的安宁；扰乱：1) a country torn by war 战乱不安的国家 2) Her heart was torn by grief. 她肝肠寸断。 tear at sth. (with sth.)撕扯或撕开某物： tore at the meat with his bare ha

12、nds 用他的手撕肉tear oneself away (from sb./sth.) 舍不得离开某人某事物：Do tear yourself away from the television and come out for a walk. 你别舍不得离开电视了，出去散散步吧。be torn between A and B have to make a painful choice between two things or people （在两个事物或人之间）作痛苦的抉择：torn between love and duty 在爱情和职责间作痛苦的抉择tear sth down弄倒某物；拆

13、除某物：Theyre tearingdown these old houses to build a new office block. 他们正拆除这些旧房子以便建一座新办公楼。 tear sth up 撕毁（文件等）： 1) She tore up all the letters he had sent her. 她把他写来的信都撕了。2) He accused the government of tearing up (ie repudiating) the negotiated agreement. 他控告政府撕毁（不履行）协议。6. live adj 有生命的；活的：live fish

14、 活鱼（尤用於指惊人的或异常的经历等)真正的；不是假装的：We saw a real live rattlesnake! 我们看到一条真的响尾蛇！ 发着光的；点燃着的： live coals 燃烧着的煤（指电线等）带电的，通着电的：That terminal is live. 那个接头有电。 the live rai 带电的铁轨（如在电气铁路上）（指广播）现场直播的，实况转播的：live coverage of the World Cup 世界杯实况报道（指音乐演奏或录音）音乐会现场播出或录制的： a live recording made at Covent Garden in 1962 1

15、962年在考文特公园的现场录音. live adv. 实地；从现场；以直播方式：This show is going out live. 这场演出正在进行实况转播。7. broadcast v. (pt, pp broadcast) 1.（用无线电或电视）播送（节目）2. 宣布broadcast a concert live 现场直播音乐会broadcast ones views 表明自己的观点n.（无线电或电视的）广播节目CNNs live broadcast of the trial CNN 对审判进行的现场直播8. wind V. (pt, pp wound)1.（使某物）沿弧形的弯曲的

16、或旋转的路线前进 2. 将（绳毛线纱等）缠绕成球或缠绕在轴上 3. 转动（把手绞车等）1) The river winds down to the sea. 这条河蜿蜒流向大海。2) wind wool (up) into a ball 把毛线缠成团 3) You operate the mechanism by winding this handle. 操纵这台机器要转动这个把手。wind sth. round sb./sth.; wind sb./sth. in sth. 将某物紧紧缠绕住某人/物；将某人/物包在某物中1) wind a bandage round ones finger

17、用绷带包住手指 2) wind a shawl round the baby/the baby in a shawl 用围巾裹住幼儿 wind sth (up) （尤指钟表）上发条Have you wound your watch? 你的表上发条了吗？wind sth back, down, forward, in, off, on, up（转动把手或卷轴等）使某物沿某方向移动1) wind a tape back/forward/on 把带子向後/向前/继续卷绕 2) wind a car window down/up 把汽车窗摇下去/上来9. record n.1.（对事实 事件等的）记录

18、; 记载 2.（已知的有关某人/某事物过去的）事实 事件等 3. 唱片 4. 记录（尤指体育运动）1) a record of road accidents交通事故记录2) make/keep a record of ones expenses 记自己开支的帐3) have a (previous) criminal record有前科4) put on/play some records 放一些唱片5) hold/ beatbreak a record保持/打破一项记录 record v. 1. 记录；记载（事实或事件）2. 将（声音或图像）保存在磁盘或磁带上以便重放；录（音）；录（像）3.

19、 （指测量仪器）标明或显示（某事物）；自动记下1) record progress/developments 记载进展/发展等情况 2) record music from the radio 录下无线电广播中的音乐3) The thermometer recorded 40C. 温度计上显示出40C。10. assume v. 1. 假定; 假设; 设想; 以为1) We cannot assume anything in this case. 在这种情形下我们无法作任何揣测。2) I am assuming that the present situation is going to co

20、ntinue. 我认为目前的情况将会继续下去。 3) We must assume him to be innocent until he is proved guilty. 尚未证实他有罪, 就得假定他是清白的。 assuming that 如果，假设We can all leave together assuming (that) the others arent late. 我们大家可以一起走假定其他人不耽搁的话。 2. 装作；装出；假装 assume ignorance, indifference 假装不知情装作不在乎3. 开始从事; 承担; 担任assume office 就职 He

21、 assumes his new responsibilities next month. 他下月承担新任务。assumed adj. 假装的；假的living under an assumed name 使用假名字活着11. accompany v. (pt, pp -nied) 伴随或跟随（某人）；陪伴I must ask you to accompany me to the police station. 我得要求你陪我去一趟警察分局。 be accompanied by/with sth. 1. 与某事物同时存在或发生 2. 兼带；附有 1) strong winds accompan

22、ied by heavy rain 狂风夹着暴雨2) Each application should be accompanied by a stamped addressed envelope. 每份申请书均须附回邮信封贴上邮票写好地址。12. weigh v.1. 称（某物）的重量He weighed himself on the bathroom scales. 他在浴室的磅秤上称体重。 2. 测出重量 How much do you weigh? 你体重多少？I weigh 60 kilos. 60公斤。3. 仔细考虑某事物的相对价值或重要性等；权衡；斟酌weighing the pr

23、os and cons 权衡正反两方面的意见 weigh sth. (up) 仔细考虑某事物weigh (up) the consequences of an action 慎重考虑一行动的后果 weigh (with sb.) (against sb./sth.) （评定某人/某事物时）被（某人）认为重要His criminal record weighed heavily against him (with the jury). （陪审团）认为他的前科关系重大。 weigh sb down使某人感到忧虑或沮丧The responsibilities of the job are weigh

24、ing her down. 她工作责任很重把她压得无精打采。 weigh ones words 斟酌词句；推敲I must weigh my words to avoid any misunderstanding. 我须字斟句酌免生误解。 weight n.13. measure v. 1. weigh (sth.) (up)量度；测量（某物） First measure (it) up, then cut the timber to the correct length.2. (fig 比喻)估计；衡量；判定Its hard to measure his ability when we ha

25、vent seen his work. 没有见过他的作品, 很难估计他的能力。 3. 为（某体积 长度 容积等）The room measures 10 metres across. 这房间宽10米。 4. 仔细考虑（某事物） She failed to measure the effect of her actions on her family. 她未虑及其行为对家庭的影响。 weigh sth. against/with sth./sb.（通过竞争冲突等）考验某事物，较量measure ones strength against sb else 跟别人比力气 n. 1. 计量制; 量度法

26、; 计量单位1) Which measure of weight do pharmacists use? 药剂师用哪一种计量制？ 2) The metre is a measure of length. 米是长度单位。2. 通常作复数 措施; 步骤; 办法The authorities took measures to prevent tax fraud. 当局已采取措施防止偷税漏税。14. guarantee n. 1.（交易的）保证，保证书 2.（作为保证物的）契据财产等；抵押品1) The watch comes with a years guarantee. 这手表保修一年。2) Wh

27、at guarantee can you offer? I can offer my house as a guarantee. 你用什麽做抵押? 我可以拿房子抵押。give a guarantee (of sth./that.) 对给予保证v. 1. 担保某事物；保证 2. 承诺对（某事）负法律责任；保证；担保3. 承担（所购物品）的修理费1) We guarantee to deliver within a week. 我们保证一周内送到。2) guarantee sb.s debts/the payment of sb.s debts 为某人的债务作保3) a clock guarant

28、eed for one year against mechanical failure or faulty workmanship 对机械故障或制造缺陷有一年保修的钟15. reject v 拒绝接受（某人某事物）：1) reject a gift, a possibility, an opinion, a suggestion 拒绝接受一件礼物一种可能性一条意见一项建议 2) a rejected candidate, applicant, etc 遭到拒绝的候选人申请人等 3) She rejected his offer of marriage. 他向她求婚，她拒绝了。 4) After

29、 the transplant his body rejected the new heart. 他的身体对新移植的心脏产生排斥作用。5) The army doctors rejected several recruits as unfit. 军医拒收几名新兵，认为身体不合格。抛弃（某事物）；摈弃；剔除： 1) Imperfect articles are rejected by our quality control. 我们进行质量检验时，有缺陷的产品均予剔除。 2) reject over-ripe fruit, eg when making jam 除去熟透的水果（如制果酱时） 不给予

30、（某人某事物）应有的爱; 慢待: The child was rejected by its parents. 这孩子未受到父母的疼爱。rejection n.拒绝；抛弃；拒绝；抛弃：Her proposal met with continual rejections. 她的建议一再遭到拒绝。16. oppose v 反对（某事某人）；（尤指）反抗，抵制： 1) oppose the building of a motorway 反对修筑高速公路 2) oppose a scheme 反对某计画 3) oppose the Government 反政府 4) He opposed the proposal to build a new hall. 他反对修建新礼堂的建议。对抗（某人）；与（某人）较量：Who is opposing you in the match? 你和谁比赛? opposed adj.强烈反对某事物： to sth She seems very much opposed to your going abroad. 她好像很反对你出国