秋季课程人教版高三英语非谓语动词动词不定式教案.docx

1、秋季课程人教版高三英语非谓语动词动词不定式教案非谓语动词动词不定式适用学科英语适用年级高三适用区域人教版教材课时时长（分钟）2课时知识点动词不定式教学目标掌握非谓语的基本做题要领，重点了解动词不定式的用法。教学重点动词不定式的用法。教学难点掌握非谓语的基本做题要领教学过程一、课程导入复习上节课主要内容二、复习预习复习上节课主要内容三、知识讲解考点易错点1、谓语动词和非谓语动词的区分： 谓语与非谓语的区分，非谓语形式、特点及其用法。动词如果做句子的谓语，可称为谓语动词。有时候动词形式进行一些变化，便可以不做句子谓语，这时它几乎可以做除谓语之外的任何一个句子成分，我们便称之为非谓语动词。动词做句子

2、谓语时，为了体现不同的时态语态，会有形式变化，常见的有：do/does/did/have done/have been done/will do/had done/was doing/is doing等非谓语动词基本形式有三种：1，原形前加to，构成to do结构，我们称之为动词不定式。 2，动词后加ing，构成doing结构。 3，动词变为过去分词形式。非谓语具体形式见下表。（大家会看到，所有非谓语动词要么以to开头，要么以ing形式开头，要么就是过去分词单独做非谓语。当然它如果和和某些词连用，又可以做谓语了。比如和have连用，构成have done便是现在完成时的谓语结构了。）动词不定式

3、形式、特点及用法 动词ing形式、特点及用法 过去分词形式、特点及用法To do （主动将来） Doing （主动进行） Done （被动完成）To be done （被动将来） Being done （被动进行） To have done （主动完成） Having done （主动完成） To have been done（被动完成） Having been done（被动完成） To be doing (主动进行) 用法：主语、宾语、定语、 状语、表语、补语 定语、状语、表语、补语考点易错点2、动词不定式1.动词不定式的句法功能1）动词不定式作主语To learn a foreign l

4、anguage is not easy.2）动词不定式作表语Her job is to look after the children.3)动词不定式作宾语He wants to buy some stamps.4)动词不定式作宾语补足语The doctor told me to have a rest.5)动词不定式作定语I want something to eat.6)动词不定式作状语Yesterday they came to visit us.2.动词不定式的时态和语态1)一般式：to do表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之后，或同时发生。I want to visit my t

5、eacher.I believe him to be a good student.2)完成式：to have done 表示不定式的动作发生在谓语的动作之前。I am sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time.3)进行式：to be doing 表示不定式的动作与谓语的动作同时进行。He seems to be worrying about it.4)被动语态:to be done 表示被动关系。This sick man will need to be taken to a hospital.3.动词不定式的重点与难点 1)疑问句 + t

6、o + 动词原形 该句型可与宾语从句互换 I dont know what to do. = I dont know what I should do. 疑问句在不定式中充当成分时，疑问代词作宾语，疑问副词作状语。 I dont know what to do. (疑问代词what作宾语) I dont know how to do it. (疑问副词how作状语) 2)动词不定式作定语 动词不定式要放在所修饰的名词、代词之后。 He has an important meeting to attend. (定语)动词不定式与所修饰的名词、代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，因此若不定式的动词是不及物动

7、词或者 不定时所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面就要加上相应的介词。They want a big room to live in. Pass me a knife to cut the bread with. 3) 动词不定式作状语当动词不定式修饰表语形容词作状语时，它和主语构成动宾关系。同样，如果不定式中的动词是不 及物动词时要加相应的介词。The house is very comfortable to live in. The pen is good to write with.4使用不定式的注意事项 1)有些动词的不定式省略to.祈使动词如make, let ,

8、 haveThe boss made Toms father work all day.感官动词如hear, see, noticeI saw him go into the classroom just now.用于被动语态时，被省略的to需要还原He was made to do the job at once.*不定式省略to的口诀有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了to，其口诀是：一感二听三让四观看。一感：feel二听：hear, listen to三让：let, have, make四观看：observe, see, watch, look at2)动词不定式的否定需在to前加not

9、。Mother often tells Tom not to play football in the street. 3)作简略回答或为避免不必要的重复时，不定式常可省略to后面的动词，只保留to。动词 make, let, see, hear. 后面的词可全部省略。A: Did you go to see the Great Wall.B: Yes, I went to.A: Did Mary go there with you.B: No, her mother didnt let her.4) 接不定式作宾语的动词有want, wish, hope, decide等。5) 接带to的不

10、定式作宾补的动词有ask, tell, get, wish, want, like, teach等。6) 接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词有let, make, have, see, watch, feel, listen to等。7) 接不定式状语的形容词有happy, sorry, afraid, able, sure等。8) 带to的不定式作主语等，常用形式主语it代替，其作表语的形容词有important, easy, difficult, hard, good, bad, right等。It is too hard for him to work out such a difficul

11、t problem. 9) 既可接不定式，又可接动词-ing形式的动词有like, love, hate, start, begin, need和stop, remember, forget, go on, try等，前者意义没有多大的区别，后者区别比较大。10) 带to的不定式和疑问词连用，相当于一个名词作宾语或宾补，这种句式可以把不定式转换为复合 句，这类动词有know, decide, tell, ask, find, hear, learn ,thinks等。11) 带to的不定式作定语的动词有have，there be。 I have a few letters to write.1

12、2)不定式to在一些情态动词或助动词及一些表“意愿”的动词之后代替上文提到的动词。这类动词有 have, be able, be going, hope, like, love, try等。A: Would you like to go with me.B: Yes，Id like to.*只接不定式作宾语的一些常用特殊谓语动词。want 想要 hope 希望wish 想做（某事）agree 同意decide 决定 manage 设法做成refuse 拒绝 pretend 假装5. 动词不定式的几个重要句型1) .疑问句 + 动词不定式 My teacher didnt tell me wha

13、t to do next.2 ) tooto/enough toThey are too shy to speak English. Its too dark for him to see anything in the room.3). it is/was + 形容词 + of sb. to do sth.(形容词只能修饰sb.和to do sth.)It is/was + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth. (形容词只能修饰to do sth.)It was very clever of him to do it like that. It was hard for him

14、to say goodbye.*tooto与sothat 的转换The box is too heavy for him to lift.= the box is so heavy that he cant lift it.*of sb. 句型可以转换成一个不定式作状语的句子，而for sb. 句型则不可以。It is very kind of you to help me. - You are very kind to help me.补充：形容词/副词 + enough to do sth. 与sothatcan do sth.的转换：He runs fast enough to get

15、there first. He runs so fast that he can get there first.4) .why(not) do?A: lets go out to eat tonight. B: Yes, why not?5) .There be to doThere are some clothes to wash. There is a room to clean.6) .be about to do sth.I was about to go to bed when the policeman knocked at the door.7) .had better do

16、sth.had better not do sth. You had better not eat too much.So as to He got up early so as to meet his parents at the airport.四、例题精析【例题1】【题干】1. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written

17、【答案】D 【解析】表示“被动、完成”用过去分词作定语。【例题2】【题干】2. You were brave enough to raise objection at the meeting.Well, now I regret _ that.A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done 【答案】D 【解析】regret doing sth 表示对已经发生的事感到“后悔”；regret to say / tell / inform / announce 用以报告令人不快之事，表示对将要说的话感到“遗憾、抱歉”，主语通常是 I /

18、we, regret 用一般现在时。【例题3】 【题干】3. We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met 【答案】C 【解析】agree 只能接不定式，在谓语动之后发生，用一般式，选 C。五、课堂应用【基础】1. Helen had to shout _ above the sound of the music.A. making herself hear B. to make herself hearC. making hersel

19、f heard D. to make herself heard【答案】D. 因为Hellen要使自己讲的话被别人听到，所以要用过去分词作宾补，即：make herself heard；又因为make herself heard是shout的目的，所以用不定式。 2. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _ in your mind instead of before your eyes.A. to form B. form C. forming D. having form

20、ed【答案】C. form表示“出现、产生”，是不及物动词，又因为pictures与form是主动关系故用现在分词作定语。3. The man insisted _ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in finding【答案】C. 因为insist后要么接that从句，要么接on sth. 或on doing sth. ，没有别的接法，所以选C。insist on doing坚持要做某事。4. The old man, _ abroad for twe

21、nty years, is on the way back to his motherland.A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked【答案】D. 因work abroad for twenty years发生在谓语动作(返回祖国)之前，所以用现在分词的完成式。5. You were silly not _ your car.A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked【答案】B. 因为现在分词作状语只能修饰谓语，而不定式作状语，既可修饰谓语又可修修饰形

22、容词或副词，此处修饰形容词silly，要用不定式。又因为“没有锁车”发生在谓语之前，所以用完成式。6. Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teeth.A. run B. running C. being run D. to run【答案】B. 因句中的the water与run是主动关系，故选B。leave sth doing sth 意为“使某物一直在做某事”。7. When flint _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.A. introducing B. intr

23、oduced C. introduce D. being introduced【答案】B. 因为flint与introduce(引入)是被动关系，所以用过去分词。8. “We cant go out in this weather,” said Bob, _ out of the window.A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked【答案】A. looking out of the window 为伴随状语。9. My advisor encouraged _ a summer course to improve my writing

24、skills.A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take【答案】D. 因为在encourage, persuade, tell, ask, want, order, force等后要用不定式作宾补。encourage sb. to do sth. 意为“鼓励某人做某事”。10. _ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.A. To wait B. Have waited C.

25、Having waited D. To have waited【答案】C. 因“等了半个小时”发生在realized之前，故用现在分词的完成式。【巩固】11. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.” A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading【答案】D。 句中 read 意为“有某字样”，a message pinned to the door 意为“钉在门上的一张纸条”，a message与 read 是主动

26、关系，因此用现在分词。12. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make【答案】B。考查非谓语动词的结构平衡性。not to make it more difficult是与 to make it easier 形成对比的否定结构，两者在句中作表语。13. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he stu

27、died in. A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying【答案】A。由 studied 可知，他曾到国外留过学，“留学”这个动作已结束并发生在谓语动作(is said)之前， 所以要用完成式。14. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year. A. carried out B. carrying out C. carry out D. to carry out【答案】A。此句结构

28、复杂,句中的 that 引导一个定语从句，它代表 the plan 并在从句中作 see 的宾语，the plan 与 carry out 是被动关系，因此，用过去分词作宾补。即卻ee the plan carried out the next year.15. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered【答案】A。句意为“这条河已经遭受如此严重的污染，现在要想清理也许为

29、时已晚了”。suffer 发生在 clean up 之前，且有 already 暗示，无疑要用现在分词的完成式作状语。16. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen【答案】B。remain 作“尚需”解，要接不定式作表语，see 与 it(形式主语，指whether they will enjoy it)是动宾关系，因此用不定式的被动式。17.

30、The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun【答案】D。“连词+分词”作状语，依然由句子主语与分词的关系来确定，主动关系用现在分词，被动关系用 过去分词。the research 与 begin 是被动关系，用过去分词 begun。18. It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows _. A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it【答案】C。do with 与 what 连用是一个很有用的结构，可以表示“处置”、“利用”等。19. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked【答案】B。find 后可接现在分词或过去分词作补