高考英语专项学案动词的时态和语态.docx

1、高考英语专项学案动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态一动词的时态的分类：一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时，现在完成时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时二用法：1、一般现在时主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等。考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.考点二：在时间和条件状语从

2、句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day;条件：if, unless, provided.考点三：在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter宾语从句，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。So long as he works hard, I dont mind when he finishes the experiment.只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么时候做完试验。考点四：在the

3、more the more (越越)句型中,若主句是一般将来时,从句通常用一般现在时。The harder you study, the better results you will get.2、现在进行时表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。Look out when you are crossing the street.考点二：表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时

4、多有表示将来的时间状语）。Marry is leaving on Friday.3、现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语：考点一：for +时间段；since +时间点They have lived in Beijing for five years.They have lived in Beijing since 1995.考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days,

5、Has it stopped raining yet ?考点三：在表示“最近几世纪/年/月以来”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。in the past few years/months/weeks/days；over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history等考点四：表示“第几次做某事，”或在“It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词that”后面跟现在完

6、成时。This is my first time that I have visited China.4一般过去时表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; when,注意：考点一：used to + do，表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。to为不定式，后接动词原形。be/become/get used to + doing，表示习惯于

7、考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise5.过去进行时表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work.6.过去完成时表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用( before, after, by, up till )By the end of last term we

8、had finished the book.考点一：用于hardly/scarcely.when; no sooner .than句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang.（注意主谓倒装）考点二：表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.考点三：动词hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan用过

9、去完成时，表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。I had hoped that I could do the job.I had intended to see you but I was too busy.7.一般将来时表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用，其表现形式多达5种。Beijing will host the 29th Olympic Games in 2008.考点一：一般将来时总是用在一些时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主句中：We will begin our class as soon as the

10、teacher comes.（主句用一般将来时，从句中一定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。）考点二：某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive, come, go, leave, start等，用现在进行时形式表示将来。I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.考点三：“祈使句+ and/or +句子”，这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。Use your head and you will find a way.考点四：“am (is, are) going to +动词原形”，表示打算要做的事或可能要发生的事。“am (is, are) about to +动词

11、原形”表示按照预定计划或打算准备着手进行的动作。“am (is, are) to +动词原形”表示必须、必然或计划将要做的事。They are to be married in this May.8、将来进行时表将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。Ill be doing my homework this time tomorrow.明天这会我正在写作业。9、将来完成时表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。考点一：常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如：by the end of this year, by 8 oclock this evening, by

12、March next year以及由by the time, before或when等引导的副词从句。By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot.By the time you reach the station, the train will have left.By next Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams.考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，将来完成时则由现在完成时表示。The children will do their homework th

13、e moment they have arrived back from school.10.动词的语态一般用于强调受者，做题时谓语动词不再有名词或宾语。动词的语态一般不单独考，而是和时态、语气和非谓语动词一起考，只是需要注意以下考点。考点一：不能用于被动语态的动词和词组come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, belong, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeedIt took place before liberat

14、ion.考点二：下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义,而且常与well, quite, easily, badly等副词连用。lock (锁) ; wash (洗); sell (卖); read (读); wear (穿); blame (责备)；ride (乘坐)；write (写)；Glass breaks easily.玻璃容易破碎。考点三：一些常用经典被动句型：It is said, It is reported, It is widely believed，It is expected, It is estimated,这些句子一般翻译为“据说”，“人们认为”，三高考真题1. (2005

15、山东卷) With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _ each year.A. is washing awayB. is being washed awayC. are washing awayD. are being washed away2. (2006山东卷) Although the causes of cancer _, we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it.A. are being uncoveredB. have been un

16、coveringC. are uncoveringD. have uncovered3. (2007山东卷) They_ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to go.A. had gotB. gotC. have gotD. get4. (2008山东卷) By the time he realizes he _ into a trap, itll be too late for him to do anything about it.A. walksB. walkedC. h

17、as walkedD. had walked5.（2009山东卷）The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadily since1990.A. isB. areC. has beenD. have been6.（2009山东卷）I was out of town at the time, so I dont know exactly how it _.A. was happeningB. happenedC. happensD. has happened7.（2010山东卷）Up to

18、now, the program _thousands of children who would otherwise have died.A. would saveB. savesC. had savedD. has saved8（2011山东卷）When I got on the bus, I_I had left my wallet at homeAwas realizingBrealizedChave realizedDwould realize9（2011山东卷）She was surprised to find the fridge empty; the child _ every

19、thing!Ahad been eatingBhad eatenChave eatenDhave been eating10. (2012山东卷) After Jack had sent some emails, he _ working on his project.A. had started B. has started C. started D. starts11. (2012山东卷) The manager was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers _.A. will leaveB. are leaving C. ha

20、ve leftD. were leaving14. (2012山东卷) If we _ adequate preparations, the conference wouldnt have been so successful.A. havent made B. wouldnt makeC. didnt make D. hadnt made15.(2013山东卷)I didnt think Id like the movie, but actually it _ pretty good.A. has been B. wasC. had been D. would be16.(2013山东卷)

21、Oh no! Were too late. The train _. Thats Ok. Well catch the next train to London.A. was leavingB. had leftC. has left D. has been leaving17.（2010全国）-Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?-No, I_ my homework all day yesterday.A. was doingB. would doC. had doneD. do18. (2010全国I 32).The discovery of gold

22、 in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune _.A. is madeB. would makeC. was to be madeD. had made19.（2010全国II 19）. Excuse me. I_ I was blocking your way.A. didnt realizeB. dont realizeC. havent realizedD. wasnt realizing20.（2010安徽卷26）.Bob would have helped usyesterday ,but he.A. was busyB.

23、 is busyC. had been busyD. will be busy21（2011天津卷）On the next birthday, Annmarried for twenty yearsAisBhas beenCwill beDwill have been22（2011天津卷）In the last few years thousands of filmsallover the wordAhave producedBhave been producedCare producingDarebeingproduced23(2012江西卷)Look! Somebodythe sofa.W

24、ell, it wasnt me. I didnt do it.Ais cleaningBwas cleaning Chas cleanedDhad cleaned24（2011北京卷）That must have been a long tripYeah, itus a whole week to get thereAtakesBhas takenCtookDwas taking25（2011北京）Maybe if Iscience, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more helpAstudiedBwould st

25、udyChad studiedDwas studying26（2011辽宁卷）Ill go to the library as soon as I finish what IAwas doingBam doingChave doneDhad been doing27（2011辽宁卷）By the time Jack returned home from England, his sonfrom collegeAgraduatedBhas graduatedChad beenDhad graduated28. (2012全国卷II)18. The manager _ the workers ho

26、w to improve the program since 9 a.m.A. has toldB. is tellingC. has been tellingD. will have told29. (2012北京卷)25. George said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he _.A. wouldntB. didntC. hasntD. hadnt30. (2012重庆) Food supplies in the floodstricken area _. We must act immediately before theres none left.A. have run outB. are running outC. have been run outD. are being run out