特殊句式和主谓一致.docx

1、特殊句式和主谓一致1.特殊句式多考查倒装和省略的基本用法2.在倒装句式的考查中，部分倒装占绝大部分3.强调句型多考查其两种疑问句形式(一般疑 问句型和特殊疑问句型)及It is/was not until . that .句型4.省略句主要涉及动词不定式的省略和状语从句中的省略5.主谓一致主要考察名词作主语的数的问题、分数/不定量词修饰的名词作主语的数的问题、谓语动词只用单数的情况、由连接词连接多个名词作主语时谓语动词的形式等考点一 倒装句1.完全倒装(1)there be句型There be 中的 be，有时可用 seemto be, happen to be, be built,remai

2、n, enter, live, stand, lie等词组来替代。There seems to be something wrong with me.Once there lived a king who cared more about new clothes than anything else.There entered a woman with a baby in her arms. There will be built a new railway station. (2)表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如here, there, now, then, up, down, in, a

3、way, off, out, in the room, on the wall等置于句首时，句子用完全倒装。In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor.在英格兰的一所大学的报告厅里坐着一位教授。点津上述情况中，若主语是人称代词，则主谓语不用倒装。Away they went.他们走了。(3)表语位于句首时，其倒装结构为“表语连系动词主语”。Present at the meeting were some scientists from China.许多来自中国的科学家出席了会议。2部分倒装(1)only修饰副词、介

4、词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。 Only with the greatest of luck did she manage to escape from the rising flood waters.(2012上海高考)她设法逃离了不断上涨的洪水只是幸运而已。Only by changing the way we live can we save the earth.Only then did I realize that I was wrong.(2)否定副词never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely及表否定意义的介

5、词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition等置于句首时。Its nice. Never before have I had such a special drink!Im glad you like it.(2011福建高考)太好喝了。我以前从未喝过这样特别的饮料！你喜欢我很高兴。(3)当so/neither/nor位于句首时，可将其后的部分谓语置于主语之前，构成部分倒装。The headmaster will not permit the change in the co

6、urse, nor will he even give it a thought.(2012重庆高考)校长不会允许课程的变化，他甚至不会去考虑。点津so表示“是的，确实”时，主谓语不倒装。It is too hot.So it is.天太热了。的确(很热)。(4) neithernor连接两个句子时, 两个句子都倒装。Neither will he study nor will he go to work.(5)hardly .when ., no sooner .than ., not only .but also .等连接两个句子且hardly, no sooner, not only位于

7、句首时，前一个句子用部分倒装(过去完成时），后一个句子不倒装。Hardly had Mike picked up the ball when another player took it from him.麦克刚接过球，另一名球员就从他那儿抢走了。(6)在so .that .和such .that .句式中，如果so或such引导的部分位于句首时，主句中的主语和谓语需要部分倒装。Such great progress did he make that he was praised.他取得了如此大的进步以至于受到了表扬。(6)as/though引导让步状语从句时，可将表语、状语或谓语动词提前，构

8、成倒装。句式为：表语、状语或动词原形as/though主语其他。(作表语的单数可数名词提到主语前时不带冠词)(though引导的从句也可用正常语序)Try as she might, Sue couldnt get the door open.(2011新课标全国卷)虽然Sue努力尝试了，但是她无法打开门。Unsatisfied though he was with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.(2009重庆高考)虽然他对那份工作的报酬不满意，但是他为了得到一些工作经验还是都接受了它。Child a

9、s he was, he could work out the problem.1(2013河南十校毕业班测试)_ seven or eight countries would come together to determine the direction of global markets. AWent away are the days when BAway went the days which CGone are the days when DWent are the days that 解析：考查倒装。句意：七八个国家聚在一起决定全球市场走向的时代已经过去了。当主语带有较长的修饰语

10、时，为了保持句子的结构平衡，要用倒装语序。此处应用when引导定语从句，修饰先行词the days。该句的正常语序应是“The days when seven . markets are gone.”。C2(2012天津高考)Only after Mary read her composition the second time_ the spelling mistake. Adid she notice Bshe noticed Cdoes she notice Dshe has noticed 解析：考查倒装和时态。句意：只有玛丽把作文读了第二遍之后，她才注意到拼写错误。当“only状语”

11、位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。因此可先排除B和D。由从句中的Mary read可知，动作发生在过去，因此选A。3(2012陕西高考)Hot_ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey. Aalthough Bas Cwhile Dhowever 解析：考查倒装句。句意：尽管夜间的空气很热，但我们睡得很沉，因为长途旅行之后，我们太累了。as引导让步状语从句时，从句用倒装语序，其结构为：名词/形容词/副词/动词as主语谓语动词。although与while也可以引导让步状语从

12、句，但它们不能用倒装语序。B（7）表时间，次数或顺序的副词位于句首时，句子倒装。Often did he come to my home in the past.Many a time have I seen her walking alone in the street.(8)表示祝愿的句子。May you succeed!考点二 强调句型1.强调句的基本句型是“It is/was被强调的部分that/who其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。It was your dad who answered all those letters every year.(2012浙江高考阅

13、读D)是你爸爸每年回复这些信件。It is _ he often breaks the school rules _makes his headteacher unsatisfied with him.A. what; that B. that; that C. that; what D. /; that That he often breaks the school rules makes his headteacher unsatisfied with him. 被强调部分往往为句子的主语、宾语、时间状语、地点状语等，但有时也可以强调比较复杂的内容。如时间状语从句、地点状语从句、notun

14、til结构、notonlybutalso 和aswellas 等结构。ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoems recently_Ibegantoappreciate theirbeauty. A. that B. when C. which D. /Ibegantoappreciatetheirbeauty onlywhenIrereadhispoems recently. 被强调部分为时间状语、地点状语、或原因状语时不可误用 when，where或 why，强调词只可用 that 。ItwasinthestreetthatImethimyesterday.Itwasbeca

15、usehewasillthathe was late.Was it in 1969 _ the American astronaut succeeded _ landing on the moon?Yes, thats right. A. when; on B. that; on C. which; in D. that; inIn 1969 the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon.It was 1969 when the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon.2强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前；特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词is/wasitthat从句”。WasitduringtheSecondWorldWarthat thedied?The patient looks much