英国文学文学史作家加名词解释.docx

1、英国文学文学史作家加名词解释Period one: Medieval literature(450-1066) The Celts (7-3 BC); The Roman Conquest (55BC-410 AD) The Norman Conquest (1066) Noun explanation:Epic is an extended narrative poem in elevated or dignified language, like Homers Iliad and Odyssey. It usually celebrates the feats of one or more

2、 legendary or traditional heroes. The action is simple but full of magnificence. Today,some long narrative works, like novels that reveal an age and its people are also called epic.Beowulftribal society; use of alliteration; heroicPeriod two: Medieval literature:(1066-1500)Bkg:Norman Conquest:Religi

3、ously: Catholic ChurchPolitically:Feudalismlanguages: languages, 3 languages co-existedliterary form: Romance; chivalric(骑士)literary content:Matter of Britain/ France/Rome”Sir Gawain and the Green Knight(高文爵士和绿衣骑士); king ArthurNoun explanation:A ballad is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stan

4、zans, with the second and the fourth lines rhymed. The ballads are in various English and Scottish dialects. They are mainly the literature of the peasants.The Robin Hood Ballads:fighting spirit, indomitable courage and revolutionary energyGeoffrey Chaucer (1343-1400)founder of English poetry; forer

5、unner of humanisim(praises mans energy, intellect, affirms men and womens right to pursue their happiness on earth and oppose the dogma of church) Literary Career:Works translated from FrenchWorks adapted from the Italian (Troilus and Criseyde) Purely English works(The Canterbury Tales) heroic coupl

6、etachievement: presented a comprehensive realistic picture of his age developed his characterization He anticipated a new era，the Renaissance And he greatly contributed to the maturing of English prosody Noun explanation:Heroic couplet is a rhyming couplet of iambic pentameter (aa, bb, cc)，often con

7、taining a complete thoughtPeriod three: The Renaissance (1516-1660)Bkg:medieval to the modern world bourgeois cultural movementEnglish bkg: The Hundred Years War（1337-1453） The War of the Roses (1455-1485) Reformation of the church The Enclosure Movement The Commercial Expansion and the War with Spa

8、in The Introduction of Printing The Oxford Reformers the movement seems to be a rebirth or revival of ancient Greek and Roman culture, caused(stimulated) by a series of historical events, such as (the rediscovery of Roman and Greek culture)the new discoveries in geography and astrology, the religiou

9、s reformation and the economic expansion .Two features are striking of this movement , the one is a thirsting curiosity for the classical literatur. Another is the keen interest in the activities of humanity. Humanists is the key-note of the Renaissance.Three parts: 1516-1578, beginning 1578-162, fl

10、owering 1625-1660, epilogueHow to define the Humanism?Humanism is a system of beliefs upheld by writers and artists of the Renaissance period in their fighting against medieval asceticismIt states that man is godly，that man is able to find truth，goodness and beauty，and that man is in contro1 of the

11、present life rather than being controlled by God. Briefly，humanism puts man at the center of their be1iefs and takes man to be the measure of every thing while the former asceticism puts God at the center of their beliefs and takes personal salvation to be the most important thing on the earth for m

12、anThomas More(1478-1535)giants of the Renaissance; one of the forerunners of modern socialist thought.Masterpiece: UtopiaNoun explanation:Sonnet is a poem of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter, restricted to a definite rhyme scheme. The term sonnet derives from the Latin sonitus (meaning sound)

13、and the Italian sonetto (meaning sound, song) English sonnets, in terms of structure, largely fall into two classes: the Petrarchian or Italian form and the Shakespearian or English form.blank verseThis term，which was first brought into England by Surrey，is used to name the unrhymed iambic pentamete

14、r (抑扬格五音步)1ine in poetrySpenser, Edmund, 1552?-1599The Poets poet a perfect melody; a rare sense of beauty;a splendid imagination;a lofty moral purity seriousness a dedicated idealismThe Shepherds Calendar：marked the budding of the Renaissance flower in the northern island of England. The Faerie Que

15、ene，Spensers greatest workNoun explanation:Spenserian stanza A Spenserian stanza is one that consists of eight five-foot iambic lines, followed by an iambic line of six feet, rhyming ababbcbcc. It is so named because it was Spenser that first used this form in his masterpiece The Faerie Oueene. Fran

16、cis Bacon (1561-1626)was an English lawyer, statesman, essayist, historian, intellectual reformer, philosopher, and champion of modern sciencephilosophical ones The Advancement of Learning and Novum Organuliterary works (Essays) professional works, (Maxims of Law and The Learned Reading upon the Statute of Usesdirectness, terseness,（简洁，精炼） an