电子书英文文法 五大动词与五大句型 1.docx

1、电子书英文文法 五大动词与五大句型 1第五章五大動詞與五大句型不及物動詞(Vi)： 1.完全S+V 2.不完全S+V+SC及物動詞(Vt)： 3.完全S+V+O 4.不完全S+V+O+OC授與動詞：5.S+V+O1+O2動作不影響及他物而不用受詞的動詞稱為不及物動詞第一型 完全不及物動詞 S+Vi(沒有補語也能完整表達意思的不及物動詞)(此句型極簡單，因此往往被人們忽視。其實很多道地的英語都出自於這種簡單句型。)Birds fly.Still water runs deep. (大智若愚)It breaks. (天亮了)Every minute counts. (分秒必爭)It depends

2、.My right shoe hurts.The fish cant keep. (魚不新鮮)He doesnt mix. (他不合群)第二型 不完全不及物動詞 S+Vi+SC(需要主詞補語以補足其意義的不及物動詞)補語的詞性有兩種：名詞、形容詞此型V又稱為連綴動詞(Linking Verb):其主要功能是將主詞與主補的敘述部分連接起來，這類動詞沒有太大的敘述能力所以只能靠主詞補語的敘述來補足句子使其獲得完整的意思。類型: Be 感官 似乎 仍然 變成 Be:1. He is a gigolo. 他是一個小白臉2. She is a lesbian. 她是個同性戀3. Seeing is be

3、lieving. 眼見為憑感官: (look smell taste sound feel) +形容詞 / + like + 名詞4. He looks ill. 他看來病厭厭的5. The rose smells sweet. 玫瑰花聞起來好香6. It feels like a steel door. 感覺起來像是鋼門7. The drug tastes bitter. 這藥嚐起來很苦似乎: (seem appear) 8. He seems nave. 他似乎很天真9. The streets appeared deserted.街道似乎很荒涼10. Dont make him appe

4、ar a fool.不要讓他看似一個傻瓜仍然: (remain keep stay stand lie) 11. He remained silent. 他保持沈默12. They remained the best friends.他們仍是好朋友13. Please keep quiet. 請保持安靜14. He kept calm .他保持冷靜15. He never stays sober for long.他從來不曾長期保持清醒16. The house has stood empty for months.房子幾個月來都是空空的17. These machines have lain

5、 idle since the factory closed. (躺lie lay lain lying) 這些機器自從工廠關閉後就一直閒置變成: 由一種特性變成為另一種特性(become go come fall get grow turn make prove run, break, burn) 18. After the war he became poor.戰後，他變窮了 19. He went mad. 他變生氣了20. Meat soon goes bad in hot weather.肉類在熱的天氣下很快變壞21. At last his dream had come true.

6、 最後他夢想成真22. John fell ill. 約翰生病了23. The baby fell asleep. 小孩睡著了24. He is growing/getting old. 他逐漸變老25. Its getting cold. 天氣逐漸變冷26. His face turned pale .他的臉色發白27. She will make a good wife for him. 她會成為他的好太太28. Our last attempt proved successful. 我們最後的嘗試證實成功了29. The lions ran wild when people get cl

7、ose to them.當人靠近，獅子變狂野有受詞接受其動作的動詞稱為及物動詞。第三型 完全及物動詞 S+Vt+O: (沒有補語也能表達完整的意思的及物動詞)1.He raped me.他強暴我2.They need money.他們需要錢 3.They want to go dancing. 他們想要去跳舞4.He thinks that the book is good. 他認為那本書很棒5.He enjoys talking to people.他喜歡跟人說話注意：以下為常考用動名詞作受詞的及物動詞MindAvoidEscapeFinishAdmitSuggestConsiderMiss

8、DelayExcuseResistImagineRiskAppreciateEnjoyDenyKeepPracticePostponeTolerateFavorMentionResumeDetestCant helpForgiveQuitRecallCelebratePardonRelishDislikeAdvocateResentReportFancyRecommend6.We cannot help laughing. 我們忍不住笑了7.I dont mind opening the window though its very cold. 雖然天氣很冷，我不介意開窗。 8.The ins

9、urance company is considering issuing an insurance policy to cover AIDS patients. 保險公司正在考慮公布一項保障愛滋病患的保險政策 注意：以下為用動名詞和不定詞作受詞意思大致相同的及物動詞 但仍遵循動名詞與不定詞的區分方式StartBeginPreferLikeLoveNeglectHateContinueCeaseEx: It started to rain. (要開始下雨了，原來沒下，後來才下) It started raining. (下雨了，既然開始下了，不再是不確定)Ex: The department

10、has ceased to exist. 這間百貨公司不復存在The factory has ceased making bicycles. 這工廠已經停止製造腳踏車注意：以下為可用動名詞和不定詞作受詞，意思不相同的及物動詞StopThe speaker stopped talking at the second bell. (停止做某事)演講者在第二聲鈴響時停止談話The speaker stopped to drink some water. (停下來而去)演講者停下來，喝了一點水(The speaker stopped a second so that he could drink so

11、me water.)TRYThe doctor told the patient to try to eat something. (努力、設法)醫生告訴病患設法吃些東西I tried eating the homemade cake. (試試、嘗試)我嘗試吃那手工蛋糕Remember + to-v (未發生的事)Forget + Ving (發生過的事) + having pp (句意有曾經才用)I remember/ forget to beat Mr. Lee. 想起來/忘了 要去揍I remember/ forget beating Mr. Lee. 想起來/忘了 揍過I rememb

12、er/ forget having heard him mention it.我想起/忘記曾經聽他說過這事情RegretI regret to tell you that the job has been filled.我很抱歉要告訴你，這工作已經有人了I regret being unable to help you.我後悔沒能力幫你He regretted not having come oftener to her. (過去的事用完成式的動名詞)他後悔早先沒有多找找她第四型 不完全及物動詞 S+Vt+O+OC:(除受詞外，還需要受詞補語以補足其意義的及物動詞)1. 使役動詞用動詞原型作補

13、語 (使役動詞與普通動詞的差別就在於它有強制性，因為這種確定性的語氣，排除了不定詞存在的空間。)Ex: The teacher asked the little girl to stay behind. (留下來) 老師要求這小女孩留下來 The teacher made the little girl stay behind. 老師叫這小女孩留下來Ex: I made Mr. Lee quit the chairperson of KMT. had bade let我叫李先生辭去國民黨主席2.看、聽、感覺動詞 (see observe watch look at, hear listen t

14、o, feel)(感官動詞這種聽到、看到的字眼，只能配合確實發生的事使用，而不能和帶有不確定、未發生涵意的不定詞連用)I heard her cry out in pain. (陳述事實)我聽見她痛哭I saw him dancing when I walked in. (正在)我看見他跳舞當我走進I saw him killed. (被)我看見他被殺了3.We elected James (to be) chairman. 我們選詹母士為主席被動：James was elected chairman by us. 詹母士被我們選為主席4.We chose him captain. 我們選他做

15、隊長被動：He was chosen captain by us. 他被我們選做隊長5.They made him a soldier. 他們要他當兵6.We call Dr. Sun Yat-set “The Father of the Republic.” 我們稱孫逸仙博士為中華民國之父7.His parents named him Peter. 他雙親稱他彼得8.I found it a very interesting book. 我覺得這是一本有趣的書9.I believe him a good man. 我相信他是一個好人10.Keep your teeth clean.保持你的牙齒乾淨11.Pl