语法教案.docx

1、语法教案被动语态考查要点简述被动语态的构成方式：be + 过去分词，口语只也有用get / become + 过去分词表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态（by短语有时可以省略）。（1）使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。主动变化被动时双宾语的变化。看下列例句。My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.I was given an int

2、eresting book (by my friend)on my birthday.主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）；（作补语的）不定式前需加to。The boss made him work all day long.He was made to work all day long(by the boss)短语动词变被动语态时，不要掉“尾巴”。The children were taken good care of (by her).Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.情态动词和be going to、

3、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等结构变被动语态，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be +过去分词。当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时，被动语态有两种形式：（A）谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。（B）用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如：People say he is a smart boy.It is said that he is a smart boy.He is said to be a smart boy.Peo

4、ple know paper was made in China first.It is known that paper was made in China first.Paper was known to be made in China first.类似句型有：It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that （2）不能用被动语态的几种情况。所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有

5、在学习过程中多留意积累。表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等。表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义，特别是当主语是物时，常见的动词有sell、write、wash、open、lock等。（3）主动形式表被动

6、意义。当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时；当cut、read、sell、wear、write等词带状语修饰语时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布易洗。These novels wont sell well.这些小说不畅销。My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔写起来很流畅。The door wont lock.门锁不上。The fish smells good.鱼闻起来香。当break out、take place、shut off、turn off

7、、work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。The plan worked out successfully.The lamps on the wall turn off.want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。在“be + 形容词 + to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。This kind of water isnt fit to drink.The girl isnt easy to get along with.另外：be to blame(受谴责)，be to ren

8、t（出租）也用主动形式表被动。（4）被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。be seated坐着He is seated on a bench.（He seats himself on a bench.）坐在凳子上。be hidden躲藏He was hidden behind the door.(He hid himself behind the door.)他藏在门后。be lost迷路be drunk喝醉be dressed穿着The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.（5）被动语态与系表结构的区别被动语态强调动作；系表结构表主语的特点或状态。如：Th

9、e book was sold by a certain bookstore.(被动语态)The book is well sold.(系表结构)二、精典名题导解选择填空1. Visitors _not to touch the exhibits.(NMET 2001)A.will request B.are requested C.are requesting D.request解析：答案为B。此题的时态是不难判断的，因为说的是一条规定，所以用一般现在时，而visitor与request之间是动宾关系，即request visitors not to touch the exhibits,究

10、竟是谁要求他们这样做呢？不清楚，也不必知道，因此需要用被动语态。分析visitors与request之间的关系是此题的解题关键。2. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.(NMET 2001)A.is changing B.has changed C.will have changed D.will change解析：答案为A。此题考查现在进行时态的用法。句意为“选择一部移动电话不是一件容易的事，因为科技发展得十分迅速。”本句的主句一般现在时表达的是目

11、前的情况，而“科技发展迅速”也是现阶段正存在的一种状态，不是在过去，也不是在将来，因此只能用现在进行时表达。3. All the preparations for the task _, and were ready to start.（2000年春季高考）A.completed B.completeC.had been completed D.have been completed解析：答案为D。现在完成时表示过去年做的事对现在的影响。从and were ready to start句意可知，一切准备工作已经就绪，可以开始工作了。complete是及物动词，与句子的主语是被动关系，所以需要用

12、被动语态表达。注意分清complete与主语之间的关系；结合语境选择正确时态。动词时态1.过去完成时过去完成时表示在过去某一活动以前已经完成了的动作。简单地说，过去完成时所表示的时间就是“过去的过去”。常与for, since, already, after, never, before, by the time等连用。如：The performance had started before we found our seats.在我们找到座位前演出就已经开始了。She had typed all the letters by the time her boss arrived at the

13、office.在老板到达办公室的时候她已经打好了所有的信件。过去完成时还可以表示动作或某事继续到过去某时已有一段时间：He had been ill for a week when he was sent to the hospital.他病了好几天后才去医院。It rained at last after it had been dry for several months.连续干旱几个月后，终于下雨了。By the end of last year, she had taught in this school for 30 years.截至到去年年底，她已经在这个学校执教了30年。过去完成

14、时也可表示过去未实现的希望或计划，用过去完成时。常用的动词有：hope, expect, suppose, mean, think, want等。如：She had thought of paying us a visit, but the bad weather made her change her plans.她本想来拜访我们，但由于天气恶劣使她改变了计划。2.一般将来时一般将来时可以由以下方式构成：表示单纯将来，第一人称用shall，第二、三人称用will。I shall be 18 years old next month. 下个月我就整18岁了。There will be a ne

15、w movie shown at the Globe Cinema tonight.今晚环球影院将上映一部新电影。注：如果不是表示将来的时间，而是表示“意愿、坚持、推论”等，will也可用于条件句。例如：If you will learn English , Ill help you . 你若愿意学习英语，我将帮助你。If you will kindly wait a moment , Ill ask him to go there with you .你若耐心等一会的话，我将叫他和你一起去那儿。如果条件从句表示将来发生的动作或状态，主句中常用will，而条件从句中则用一般现在时表示。例如：If you go to England , you will like the food there .如果你去英国的话，你将会喜欢那儿的食物。be going to do表示现在计划好将来要做