学生伤害事故中学校赔偿责任研究.docx

1、学生伤害事故中学校赔偿责任研究学生伤害事故中学校赔偿责任研究彭容内容摘要近年来，我国在校学生人身伤害事故频繁发生，给受害学生及其家长带来身体及精神上的极大伤害，扰乱了学校正常的教育教学秩序，给国家和社会带来不应有的损失。学生的人身安全和有关人身伤害事故处理等问题，已经成为教育领域的热点问题之一，而我国现行的相关法律如民法通则、教育法、未成年人保护法等都没有对学生伤害事故的处理如何认定事实，如何归结责任作出明确规定，因此在实践中造成了很大歧见。本文针对学生伤害事故中学校承担人身损害赔偿责任这一问题，从学生伤害事故的构成要件和学生伤害事故的类型入手，就学校与学生之间的关系进行分析。学校与学生之间的

2、法律关系是调节学生伤害事故的基础，同时也决定了学生伤害事故中学校承担人身损害赔偿责任的归责原则，学校在学生伤害事故中的人身损害赔偿责任的范围和标准以及责任的免除。学生伤害事故是指中小学校在校学生以及幼儿园在读儿童在学校或者幼儿园就读期间，参加学校或者幼儿园组织的教育教学活动中，受到人身伤害或者死亡，以及对他人造成人身伤害或者死亡的事故。构成学生伤害事故必须具备四个要件：(1)、学生伤害事故的主体应是学生；(2)、学生伤害事故的发生应当发生于学校、幼儿园的教育、教学活动之中。(3)、学生伤害事故不仅指学生本人受到的伤害事故，还要包括学生在校期间给他人造成的人身伤害事故。(4)、从损害后果看，学生

3、伤害事故须造成在校学生人身损害后果。按事故的发生是否可归责于学校当事人，可分为学校责任事故、非学校责任事故和学校承担补充责任事故，非学校责任事故中的意外事故和其他学生人身安全事故可以作为学校免除责任的事由。学生伤害事故的法律调节取决于如何界定学校与学生这对关系的法律性质。学校与学生之间的法律关系究竟是什么法律关系?当前在学术界的讨论中，主要有多种观点：监护关系?准行政法律关系?特殊民事关系?其实，学校做为教育教学活动的专门机构，对学生负有敦育、管理的责任，在组织活动中有预防发生人身安全事故的责任，学校与学生的关系应为教育、管理和保护的关系。在研究学生伤害事故人身损害赔偿责任的时候，关键的问题是

4、学生伤害事故人身损害赔偿责任的归责原则。归责原则是解决最终责任的依据和根本要素，在学生伤害事故中，社会关注和法学探讨的最核心问题自然就是学校在学生伤害事故中的归责原则问题。该问题直接决定了学校、学生和第三人在学生伤害事故中的责任分配、责任构成、举证责任负担、免责条件、损害赔偿的原则和方法、减轻责任的根据等，进而也直接决定学校对学生所应承担的职责范围、学校的基本功能和价值取向，对学生伤害事故的法律处理至为关键。学校对在校学生伤害事故人身损害赔偿责任的一般归责原则应为过错责任原则，特殊归责原则应为过错推定原则；学校对在校学生伤害事故人身损害赔偿责任不适用公平责任原则和无过错责任原则。明确各方在发生

5、学生伤害事故之后的法律责任固然重要，及时、妥善处理损害赔偿问题，切实维护学校、教师和学生的合法权益是解决这一问题不可或缺的内容。解决学生伤害事故问题可供借鉴的思路是相关责任人按相关的法律法规确定学生伤害人身损害赔偿的范围和标准，使在事故中受伤害学生及时得到救济。当然，并非所有的学生伤害事故学校都要承担赔偿责任，在一定条件下，即使造成了学生人身伤害事故，学校也不承担赔偿责任，这就是学校责任的免除。学校责任的免除，有两方面的事由，一种是意外事故，一种是其他原因造成学生伤害事故。关键词：学生伤害事故 归责原则 过错责任 人身损害 赔偿责任ABSTRACTIn recent years，student

6、s in school were assaulted on frequently inour country，and that bringed the great码ury on body and spirit to victimand his head of familyNodal teaching order Has been disturbed，itbrings to country and society loss which shouldnt happenThe problemson safety of life and relevant removal of the personal

7、 injury have becomethe one of hot problem of educational fieldWe all know that ChinaScontemporary legal system lacks the laws concerning the school accidents，which results in some complicated issues and problemsReferring to theproblem of taking the legal responsibility for the injuries of the pupils

8、 atschool，this paper analyses for relations between schools and pupils fromthe constitutiverequirement of the school accident and the type of theschool acidThe base to the legal settlements of school accidents lies inthe definition of legal relations between schools and pupils，whichdecided the princ

9、iples and the scope of responsibility for school accidentsas well as exclusions from liabilitySchool accident denoted the student in the school of primary schooland the child in kindergarten during studying in the school of primaryschool and kindergarten get personal mjury or causes personal injuryo

10、rdeath for other personFrom attending the activity organized by theschool or kindergartenSchool accident must have 4 importantconstitutive requirements：(1)student is the main part of injuryaccident；(2)student injury accident occurs in the education of school andkindergarten(3)student injuryaccident

11、not only point at the injuryaccident that student gets，but include the personal injuryaccident toother person that student causes during sch001(4)，from damagedconsequence，student injury accident must cause student in schoolpersonal injuryAccording tO the school accident whether can go back tOduty in

12、 school，it can be divided into school liabilityaccident and notschool liability accident，the latter with the school accident and otherstudent personal safe accidents call avoid themain content ofresponsibility as sch001The legal regulation of student injuryaccident depend on how tolimit the nature o

13、f the relation between the school and the studentNowin the discussion of academic circle，there is various viewpoint mainly：Guardianship relation? accurate administration legal relations?orspecial civil relations?Actually，school has the responsibility ofeducation and management as the special educati

14、onal organization，withthe responsibility of personal safe accident in organizationcampaignThe relation of school and student should be educated，managed and protectedWhen researching the personal damages responsibility of studentpersonal injureaccidentThe principle on going back to duty of thepersona

15、l damages responsibility of student injuryaccident is keyTheprinciple on going back tO duty is the basis as the last solution and thebasic essential factor,in student injuryaccident，the most key problemwhich is concemed by society and discussed in lawnature that is schoolin student injury accident in go back to duty principle problemThisproblem have directly decided the responsibility distribution and theconstitution of the responsibility of school，student and third persons ininjuryaccident，and the principle of the responsibility on putting to theproof，the co