第五章 代词1及作业英语.docx

1、第五章 代词1及作业英语5. 代词(1)知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！一、 代词的分类英语中常把代词分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词和相互代词。二、 代词的用法1 人称代词：人称代词是指人的代词，有性、数、格的区别。表示“我” “你” “他” “我们” “你们” “他们”。请看下表： 数 格 人 称 单 数复 数主 格宾 格主 格宾 格第一人称wemeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythem she her it it (1) 人称代词主格在句中作主语。例如：She is my English teacher.(2

2、) 宾格在句中作宾语。例如： They dont want me to go there alone. Dont worry. I can look after her.(3) 宾格还可以作宾格。特别是在口语中。例如：- Whos that? - Its me.注意：人称代词we, you, they 可以用来表示一般人。例如： You cannot go into the hall with slippers. 不准穿拖鞋进入大厅。 人称代的主格作表语，一般都在正中的谈话中， 表示强调。例如： It was he who took away the necklace. 是他拿走了那条项链。

3、人称代词she可以用指代祖国、大地、月亮、轮船等。 例如： The ship is leaving. Shes on her first trip to Boston. 轮船要起航了。 这时她第一次去波士顿。 We love our country, we hope shell be stronger and stronger. 我们热爱我们的祖国，我们希望她越来越强大。 It作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等。 例如： It is about 10 kilometres from here. 离这儿大约有10公里。 It 还可用作形式主语或形式宾语，来代替由不定式，动词的-in

4、g,形式或主语从句构成的真正的主语或宾语， 以避免句子头重脚轻。例如： It is not easy to learn English well. It is good for you taking a walk after supper. I found it difficult to sleep. 英语里当主语是并列的几个人时，人称代词的排列顺序和汉语不同， I 在最后， you 在最前；但是， 当受到批评或时承认错误时正好相反，I 在最前， you在最后。 例如： You, he and I are all the winners. I, Li lei and you are wrong

5、. We should do more for the project.2物主代词：表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词包括名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词。1. This isnt _ pencil case. I left _ at home.A. my, mine B. me, my C. I, my D. my, myself 词 义 类 型我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他/她/它们的形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs（1） 形容词性物主代词在句中具有形容词的特征。

6、在句中作定语， 后面跟名词。例如：To our surprise, he has passed the exam. (2) 名词性的物主代词具有名词的特征， 在句中作主语、表语、宾语。例如： May I use your bike? Mine is at school. (作主语) Whose glasses are these? They are hers. ( 作表语) My dictionary is lost. Can I use yours? (作宾语) (3) 名词性物主代词可以与of 连用， 作定语。 例如：A friend of ours are waiting for us.

7、3反身代词：用来表示“某人自己”的代词称为反身代词。如下表所示： 词 义 数我(们)自己你(们)自己他/ 她/ 它 自 己 / 他 们 自 己单 数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复 数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves （1）反身代词在句中常用宾语,主语或宾语的同位语。例如： Her sister is too young to dress herself. (作宾语) He himself is always making such mistakes. (主语同位语) Youd better ask your wife herse

8、lf. (宾语同位语)(2) 反身代词可与其他词构成固定搭配，例如：make oneself at home, teach oneself, learn by oneself, help oneself to,etcEG:1. Help _ to some ice cream, girls.2. We looked at _ (相互) in great surprise.4指示代词：表示时间和空间远近关系的代词叫指示代词。见下表这，这个那，那个这些那些thisthatthesethose 指示代词可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。例如： Those are my parents. ( 作主语

9、) Throw it like that. (作表语) The toys little Tom likes are those in the basket. ( 作表语) These pictures are drawn by an old blind man. ( 作定语)注意：（1）前面刚刚提到过的东西，常用that, those 表示。 例如： Im sorry to hear that.The population of China is much larger than _ of America.A. this B. those C. it D. that( 2 )下文将要提到的事情

10、，可用these, this 表示，起启下的作用。 例如：Tell the children to do like this: knock the stick into the earth first, then tie the tree to it.3) that old bike of yoursThis daughter of yours is an A student at school.Life today is much better than _ _ in the old days.My questions are similar to you raised.4) Thats a

11、ll.Thats it.That is to say.Thats that. Eg: He has gone, thats that.Whats that?Like that eg: Fold it like that.it的用法考点 典型题分析1. Everyone knows that _ is dangerous to play with fire, but _ is difficult is to prevent children from playing with fire.A. it, it B. what, whatC. it, what D. what, it【陷阱】很容易误选

12、B，认为两空均考查形式主语。【分析】最佳答案是C，第一空填形式主语，真正的主语是其后的不定式 to play with fire。第二空填 what，what is difficult 是主语从句，注意 what is difficult 后的谓语动词 is。请做以下类似试题：(1) I know _ is important to know my own limitations, but _ is difficult is to help others to know their own limitations.A. it, it B. what, whatC. it, what D. wh

13、at, it(2) Yes, _ is difficult to find a job nowadays, but _ is more difficult is try to find such a job with a high salary but little things to do.A. it, it B. what, whatC. it, what D. what, it2. I dislike _ when others laugh at me in public or think poorly of me behind.A. that B. thoseC. it D. them

14、【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案是C，因为在通常情况下，like 是及物动词，其后应有宾语(句中 it 即为其宾语)。句中的 when 从句不是宾语从句，而是时间状语从句，其中的 when 的意思是“当的时候”。其实，也有的词典将 I dont like it when (if) 作为一个句型来处理。能这样用的动词不多，主要的有enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等表示喜好的动词。She wont like it if you arrive late. 她不喜欢你迟到。He hates it when peop

15、le use his bike. 他讨厌别人用他的自行车。请做以下类似试题(答案均选 it)：(1) I hate _ if people say such things in public. A. that B. thoseC. it D. them(2) Id prefer _ if I didnt have to get up early on Sundays. A. that B. suchC. it D. which(3) I would appreciate _ very much if you could give me some suggestions.A. this B. t

16、hatC. it D. you3. Ive no idea. I just pretended nobody was at home, so I didnt ask who _ was. A. he B. thatC. she D. it【陷阱】容易误选A或C。【分析】最佳答案是D。it 用以指身份不明的人。若指身份明确的人，则不宜用it。比较：(1) Mr Smith is at the door. _ wants to see you.(2) Someone is at the door. _ must be Mr Smith.A. He B. ItC. This D. That第(1)题

17、选A，因为来者身份明确；第(2)选B，因为来者身份不明确。4. “Excuse me, I want to have my watch fixed, but I cant find a repair shop.” “I know _ nearby. Come on, Ill show you.”A. one B. it C. some D. that【陷阱】容易误选B。【分析】最佳答案是A。it 和 one 的区别可简单地概括为：it = the + 名词，one = a + 名词。如：I havent got any pens, and I want to borrow one. 我没有钢笔

18、，我想借一支。(one = a pen)I have two pens, and I can lend one to you. 我有两本支钢笔，我可以借一支。(one = a pen)I have a pen, and I can lend it to you. 我有一本钢笔，我可以把它借给你。(it = the pen)在上面一题中，one 相当于 one 相当于 a repair shop。请做下面一题（答案选A）：There is only one English-Chinese dictionary in that book-shop. I wonder if you still wa

19、nt to buy _.A. it B. one C. another D. any5. Will you see to _ that my children are taken good care of while I am away?A. it B. meC. yourself D. them【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案是A。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是空格后that引导的宾语从句。see to 意为“负责”、“注意”，其中的 to 为介词，不宜直接跟that引导的宾语从句，遇此情况可借助代词 it。请做下面两题，答案也是选 it：(1) Ill see to _ t

20、hat all these letters will be sent to the post before twelve.A. it B. meC. which D. them(2) Will you see to _ that the luggage is brought back as soon as possible?A. me B. yourselfC. it D. them类似以上 see to 用法的短语还有 depend on, answer for 等。如下面两题答案也选 it：(1) You may depend on _ that he will turn up in ti

21、me. A. it B. meC. which D. them(2) I cant answer for _ that the boy is honest. A. it B. meC. which D. them代词考点典型题分析1. _ with any common sense can tell the difference between the two.A. Who B. WhoeverC. Anyone D. Who ever【陷阱】容易误选B。【分析】最佳答案为C。有的同学误选B主要是因为受以下这类句子的影响：Whoever comes will be welcome. 任何人来都

22、欢迎。Whoever wants the book may have it. 任何人要这书都可拿去。Whoever gets the job will have a lot of work. 谁要是得到这份工作就有很多事要做。以上三句中 whoever 引导的均为主语从句，其中的 whoever均可换成 anyone who，但是不能换成 anyone。以上试题从表面上看，与以上各例很相似，其实它们有本质的不同，即 _ with any common sense 中没有谓语动词，所以我们不能选 whoever。此题的正确答案为C，anyone 为句子主语，with any common sen

23、se 为修饰 anyone 的定语。现将此题稍作改动如下，答案选： _ has any common sense can tell the difference between the two.A. Who B. WhoeverC. Anyone D. Who ever2. The dictionary is really useful. Every boy and girl _ it and they each _ to buy one. A. like, want B. likes, wantsC. likes, want D. like, wants【陷阱】容易误选D。认为前面一空填复数

24、动词，因为其主语是 boy and girl，为复数；第二空填单数动词，因为其前有 each，表示“每一个”。【分析】事实上，此题应选C。因为按英语习惯，every 后接两个并列的单数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数，即第一空填 likes；而第二空要填复数动词 want，是因为其前的主语是 they 而不是 each（each 为主语的同位语）。3. Everyone knows that Canada is larger than _ country in Asia.A. any B. any otherC. other D. another【陷阱】容易误选B。选择的依据是以下大家熟悉的句型

25、(其中的 other 不可省略)：He is taller than any other student in our class. 他是我们班最高的。English is more widely used in international intercourse than any other language today. 现今英语在国际交往中比其他任何语言用得都广。【分析】但是上面一题与这类句子有所不同。这类句型到底该不该加 other，主要应看所谈论的对象是否在比较的范围之内：若在范围之内，则用 other (以排除自己与自己比较)；若不在范围之内，则不用 other。比较下面一题：Ch

26、ina is larger than _ country in Asia.A. any B. any other C. other D. another此题应选B，因为 China 在 Asia 的范围之内。假若选A，则表示“中国比亚洲的任何国家都大”，而中国本身也是亚洲国家，由此则得出“中国比中国大”的荒谬结论。而选B，则表示“中国比亚洲任何其他国家要大”，这才合乎事实。4. “What do you think of them?” “I dont know _ is better, so Ive taken _ of them.”A. what, both B. what, noneC.

27、which, both C. which, none【陷阱】几个干扰均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案为C。做好此题的关键是要注意句中的 better 一词，由于better 用的是比较级，说明比较的对象应是两者，由此可推知第二空应填both；另一方面，由于所谈论的是两者，说明选择范围比较窄、比较明确，所以第一空应填 which。5. “Would you like a cup of coffee or a glass of beer?” “_ will do, but milk is _ popular with me.”A. Neither, not B. Both, moreC. Eithe

28、r, the most D. All, the most【陷阱】很容易误选B，因为前文提到 coffee 和 beer 为两者，所以有的同学就认为应选 both 和 more 与之对应(more 为比较级，指两者比较)。【分析】做对此题的关键是要注意到下文提到的 milk既不是 coffee 也不是 beer，而是除这两者外的第三者，故第二空应填 the most，即此题最佳答案为C。6. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _ it was? A. where B. what C. how D. which此题答案选D，

29、主要与上文的some book or other (某一本书)这一语境有关，全句句意为：“我在某一本书上读到过它，是哪一本书这很重要吗?”请看类似试题：(1) “Who told you?” “Oh, somebody or other, Ive forgotten _.” A. what B. when C. which D. who此题最佳答案为D。句意为：“谁告诉你的？”“噢，有个人，我忘记是哪一个了。”(2) Some of the students were late for the meeting, but I cant remember _.A. what B. whenC. w

30、hich D. whom此题最佳答案为C。句意为“有些学生开会迟到了，但我不记得是哪些学生了”。 7. These trousers are dirty and wet Ill change into my _. A. another B. trousersC. others D. other【陷阱】容易误选A、B。【分析】最佳答案为C。是从语法上看，another 后通常接单数名词，而不接trousers 这样的复数名词（若用 another pair 则可以）；也不能选 trousers 是因为填它句子意思不通。最佳答案应选C，others 相当于 other trousers，其中的 other 与前面的 these 相对照。8. Her lecture was hard to follow because she kept j