英语语法专项虚拟语气用法详解及练习附答案.docx

1、英语语法专项虚拟语气用法详解及练习附答案高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句及与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。具体情况请看下表：条件状语从句主 句与过去事实相反had + 过去分词should /would/could/might + have + 过去分词与现在事实相反一般过去时(be用were)would/should/could/might + 动词原形与将来事实相反一般过去时或should(were t

2、o) + 动词原形would/should/could/might + 动词原形例句：（1）表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.（2）表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice, he wouldnt have made such a bad mistake.（3）表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.1. 虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的

3、一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。例如：Had I been（= If I had been ） in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.Should there be （= If there should be） a drought， what should we do at that time ？2. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词

4、的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。例如：If we hadnt been working hard in the past few years ，things wouldnt be going so smoothly.3. 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with，otherwise，without，but for，in that position）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。这种句子称为含蓄条件句。例如：But for the help from you ， I would not have had the chance to go

5、 to college.二、虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气，表示愿望、建议或命令等。根据虚拟语气的形式不同，虚拟语气可以分为“should类”和“过去时态类”。（一）should类这一类的虚拟语气是通过从句中的谓语动词使用“should +动词原形”体现出来的，should可以省略。其具体运用体现在：1. 在suggest ， order， demand ， propose， command， request， desire，insist等表示建议、命令、要求、意见的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：He suggests that she shoul

6、d leave the house at once.The leader ordered that the task（should） be finished as soon as possible.He proposed that we （should）deal with the problem by the view of development.2. 与suggest，order，demand，propose，command，request，desire，insist等动词相对应的名词suggestion，order，demand，proposal等后的表语从句或同位语从句中要使用虚拟语气

7、。如：The general sent the order that the battle（should）be held on until the complete failure of the enemy.My proposal is that we（should） set a deadline for handing in the plan.3. 在It is/was suggested （ordered，demanded，proposed，etc.）结构以及necessary，essential，important，strange，natural等形容词后的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：

8、Its requested that we （should）keep the stability of the society for the peoples peaceful life.It is necessary that the badly wounded man（should） be treated immediately.（二）过去时态类英语中，还有一些词或短语后接的从句或句子，也要使用虚拟语气，虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语使用过去的某种时态（如：一般过去时、过去完成时等）来体现的。1. wish，would rather 后的宾语从句。如：He wished he had never

9、 been involved in such affairs.I would rather you could teach me again.2. as if，as though引导的从句。如：The little boy knows so many things as if he was a man.He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.3. 由if only （要是，那该多好啊！）引导的惊叹句。如：If only I had passed the test！If only it stopped raining！4. It is（a

10、bout/high） time 后的定语从句。如：It is time we went out for a walk.It was high time they had begun to prepare the experiment.三、虚拟语气的其它用法在英语中，一些表示建议、请求、劝告、愿望、祈祷、祝福或诅咒的句子，也需要使用虚拟语气。如：Would you mind smoking here？May you be lucky！Long live the people of China！God save me.虚拟语气练习题1- Why dont you buy the necklace

11、since you like it so much?-I_, but I dont have the moneyAwould BwillCshould Dmay【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：既然你如此喜欢这条项链，为什么不把它买下来？我要买的，但我没有钱。本句是一个表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，will和may不用于虚拟语气，should的意义不搭配。句中would后面承前省略了buy it。故A项正确。2_ you happen to see Mary, would you please ask her to come here?AWould BCould CShould D

12、Might【答案】C【解析】【详解】试题分析：句意: 如果你碰巧遇到Kate ,请你叫她来这里一下好吗？在if条件句中，如果有should,were或had,可以省略if,把should,were或had提前。故选C。考点：考查情态动词表虚拟。3If it _ not for all the cars and passers-by with cameras, you _ think you have magically traveled back to the 14 century.Ais will Bhad been wouldCwere will Dweremight【答案】D【解析】【详

13、解】试题分析：句意：如果不是因为所有的汽车和带照相机的过路人，你可能会认为你奇迹般的回到了14世纪。从句意看，这是一种不真实的情况，用虚拟语气，因为是和现在相反的情况，所以if的从句用be动词的过去时were，主句用情态动词might do，所以选D。考点：考查情态动词和虚拟语气4Maybe if I _ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give your more help.Ahad studied Bwould study Cstudied Dwas studying【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气中错综时间条

14、件句。句意：也许如果我那时学的是科学而不是文学，我现就能给你更多的帮助。从句与过去事实相反，而主句与现在事实相反。从句中有信息词then(那时)，说明从句与过去事实相反，应使用had done。故选A。5The doctor insisted that the patient _ seriously ill and that an operation _ in no time.Awas; be carried out Bshould be; be carried outCwas; was carried out Dshould be; was carried out【答案】A【解析】【详解】试

15、题分析：考查动词的用法 。句意：医生说病人病 的很严重，建议立即做手术 。Insist当坚持说，坚持认为讲时，后面宾从该用什么时态用什么时态；当坚决要求讲时，后面宾从要用（should）+do的虚拟语气，故选A项。考点 :考查动词的用法6Nancy was very disappointed to hear the news. I wish I her about that.Ahadnt told Bdidnt tell Cwouldnt tell Dcant tell【答案】A【解析】【详解】试题分析：考察虚拟语气。动词wish后面的从句使用虚拟语气，如果与现在相反，使用一般过去时；与过去相

16、反，用过去完成时；与将来相反，用过去将来时。句意：听到这个消息，Nancy非常失望。我多么希望我没有告诉她这一点啊！根据句意说明这是与过去的希望相反，过使用过去完成时。故A正确。考点：考察虚拟语气点评：动词wish后面的从句要使用虚拟语气。如果与现在事实相反，用过去时；如果与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；如果与将来相反就使用过去将来时。7 If John Lennon and Paul McCartney _ , the pop music of today _ very different.Adidnt meet ; would beBhadnt met; would beCdidnt mee

17、t ; would have beenDhadnt met ; would have been【答案】B【解析】【详解】试题分析：考查虚拟语气。虚拟语气用于状语从句中，与过去事实相反的假设：If + 主语 + had + 过去分词，主句主语 + should/would/could/might have+过去分词，但是虚拟条件句和主句动作若发生的时间的不一致，主句和从句的谓语要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。题文中的主句有表现在时间的today，所以应该是主句主语+should/ would/could/might+动词原形。句意：如果约翰列侬和保罗麦卡特尼没有相遇，那今天的流行

18、音乐将大有不同。故选B。考点：考查虚拟语气8Dont forget to bring your camera with you, Jack.Oh, thank you. I wouldnt bring it if you _ me.Awouldnt remind Bhavent remindedCshouldnt have reminded Dhadnt reminded【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查错综条件的虚拟语气。句意：不要忘记带上你的相机，杰克。啊，谢谢。如果你不提醒我，我不会带的。本题主句涉及的时间是将来，从句涉及的时间是过去，条件从句表示的动作与主句表示的动作发生的时间并不一致，这

19、时，谓语动词的形式要根据各自所表示的时间来调整，这种现象叫做错综时间虚拟语气。本题从句表示与过去事实相反，过去事实上是“提醒”了，故用过去完成时。9_ every one of you succeed in passing the mid-term examination.AMay BCould CMight DWould【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。may表许可，意为“可以”；表推测，意为“可能”；表希望、祈求、祝愿，意为“祝愿”。could可能，能够；might可能，可以；would将，将会，愿意。句意：祝每个人都成功地通过期中考试。A选项正确。10If you hard at

20、school, you a college student now and would get a good job in the future.Ahad studied; would have been Bwould have studied; could beChad studied; would be Dstudied; could be【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你上学时努力学习，现在就是大学生了，将来会找到一个好工作。从句是对过去的假设用过去完成时，而主句是对现在和将来的假设用would+原形，故选C。【名师点睛】虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，要

21、区别对待。从句的动作与过去事实相反，用过去时态的虚拟结构过去完成时；而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符，用现在时的虚拟形式would do。如：If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会是工程师了。If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。从句的动作与现在事实相反，用现在时的虚拟形式过去时；而主句的动作与过去事实不符，用过去时态的虚拟结构would have d

22、one。如：If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，用过去时态的虚拟结构过去完成时；而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反，用现在时的虚拟形式would do。如：If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的话，庄稼会长得更好。本题是第一种用法，从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符，所以

23、从句用过去完成时形式，主句用现在时和将来时形式。11Im worried about the sports meet. Do you think it will be postponed?If it _ rain tomorrow, but actually the weather forecast has removed our worry.Acould BwouldCmight DShould【答案】D【解析】【详解】试题分析：考查虚拟语气。从第二句后半句可知，明天不会下雨，因此判断为虚拟语气，而对将来的虚拟应用should + do，故选D。句意，我很担心明天的运动会，你觉得会被推迟吗？

24、如果明天下雨的话会，但事实上天气预报已经排除了这一担忧。考点：考查定虚拟语气12Why didnt you call me then?Oh, my cell-phone was power off. I _ you otherwise.Awould call Bhad calledChave called Dwould have called【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：-为什么当时你不给我打电话?-哦,我的手机没电了。否则的话我会给你打的。此处相当于if条件状语从句中与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，主句用would /should /could/might +have+过去分词，指

25、如果我手机当时有电的话我会给你打的。故选D.【名师点睛】含蓄虚拟条件句就是将条件从句隐藏在上下文一定的短语中的一类条件句，比如将条件隐含在不定式短语中，分词短语中，介词短语中，名词短语中，或某些连词(如or, or else, otherwise等)中，将条件隐含在定语从句中，将条件隐含在一定的上下文中，等等。如：To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination.你学习更用功些，你早就考及格了。(=if you have studied harder, you)Failing this time, what would

26、you do？假若这次失败，那你怎么办？(=If you failed this time, what)Without air, no one could live.没有空气，人就不能活。(=If there were no air, no one could live.)A true friend would not have betrayed me.若是真正的朋友，就不会背弃我。(=If he had been a true friend, he would)I didnt know that he was a cheat, or else I wouldnt have believed

27、him.我不知道他是个骗子，不然我也不会相信他了。(or else=if I had known he was a cheat)Anyone who had seen that painting might have taken it for a photo.凡是看过那画的人，都可能把它看成是照片。(=If anyone had seen that painting)Dont bother to read all these papers. It would take too long.不要费事看所有这些文件了，那会花太多时间。(=If you read all these papers, I

28、t would take too long)Im really very busy, otherwise I would certainly go there with you. 我真的是太忙了，不然我就会同你一道去了。(otherwise=if I were not so busy)13He insisted that the problem requiring paying attention to at the meeting.Abeing discussed BdiscussCbe discussed Ddiscussing【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查词组和虚拟语气。句意：他主张值得

29、被注意的问题在开会的时候被讨论。本题较为复杂。首先，这句话的主干结构为：He insisted the problem be discussed at the meeting. 不难看出insist引导的宾语从句中要用“should do”，此处should省略了。其次“ requiring paying attention to”作定语修饰problem，因此C正确。14This is his only request that the room_ after being used.Abe cleaned Bwould be cleaned Cis cleaned Dwill be clea

30、ned【答案】A【解析】【详解】试题分析：考查虚拟语气。本题是一个同位语从句，前面的名称是request，后面的同位语从句中使用虚拟语气should+动词原形，should可以省略。句意：使用以后这个房间要被打扫干净，这是他唯一的请求。故A正确。考点：考查虚拟语气点评：request/order/demsnd/advice等后面的同位语从句使用虚拟语气should+动词原形，should可以省略。15He messed the project up, but he behaved as if nothing _.Ahad happened BhappenedCwould happen Dwould have happened【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：他把这个项目搞糟了，但他表现的好像什么也没发生一样。as if引导的从句表示与事实相反的情况时，应用虚拟语气。该句表示对过去的虚拟，根据as if的虚拟规则，该处应用过去完成时态。A选项正确。16Without your timely help during the accident, I _ to the interview.Amustnt have made it Bcant make itC