100个重要句子 文档.docx

1、100个重要句子 文档第一节升堂入室击破定语从句英语的中心在前面，定语这样的修饰成分在后面，所以把英语叫做延展性语言；而汉语重心在后，定语修饰在前，所以为了避免前面过多成分，定语很短而且分句较多。要点：1. 弄清楚关系词指代上文哪个单词，短语甚至句子。2弄清限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别，前者是主句中不可缺少的成分；后者与主句联系松散，对主句是附加说明3如果定语从句过长，可以采取拆分法，把定语从句翻译到后面去4定语从句和主句往往存在逻辑关系，比如因果，让步，目的等。定语成分是定语从句的省略，隐蔽性非常强，有时会以为是错误的成分，所以当名词后面有以下成分时，一定要适当还原定语从句的关系词

2、，帮助理解。比如：形容词短语，介词短语，分词定语，介词短语。1 The Aswan Dam， for example stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left - all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.句子翻译 以阿斯旺大坝为例，它挡住了尼罗河的洪水，但也使埃及失去了洪水冲积的肥沃土壤，换

3、回来的却是一个病态的大水库。现在水库积满泥沙，几乎不能用于发电了。翻译技巧the Nile是尼罗河。All in return意思是“换回来的全部则是”。2. New ways of organizing the workplace- all that reengineering and downsizing - are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipme

4、nt and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training.句子翻译 组织工作场所的新方法包括机构重组和缩小规模只是促进某个经济实体的综合生产率提高的一项措施，还有其他许多因素促进生产率的提高，比如对机械设备的联合投资、采用新技术、对教育培训投资等。翻译技巧all that译为“这一切包括”。overall productivity译为“综合生产力水平”。Joint investment译为“联合投资”。Drive译为“驱动”。3. Such large, impersonal manipulation

5、of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class , an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.句子主干Such la

6、rge, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased shareholders as a class, (which was) an element语法难点本句是典型的非限定性定语从句，难点在其主语和宾语都有较长的短语和of结构限定，并且分句是由两个and相连的3个部分组成的。分句an elementlandowners 又带有两个定语从句，一个是（which was）representing ，另一个是(which was)detached。可见，定语从句的难点在于经常省略“引导词+be”的结构，从而在理

7、解上容易和分词结构相混淆。句子翻译 对资本和企业的这种大规模的非个人操纵大大增加了股东作为一个阶级的数量和重要性。这个阶层作为国计民生的一部分，代表了非个人责任的财富与土地及土地所有者应尽义务的分离，而且也几乎与责任管理相分离。4. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastboune sprang up to house large. comfortable classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that o

8、f drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders meeting to dictate their orders to the management.句子翻译 像Bournemouth和Eastboune这样的城市兴起了，大批隐退的享乐阶层人士靠自己的收入，在这里过着悠闲的生活。他们与群体之外的人没有联系，只是分取红利，偶尔参加股东会议，对管理人员发号施令。5. This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to t

9、he conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.句子翻译这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府下了结论，认为：政府向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。6. Robert Fulton once wrote, The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheels,

10、 etc. like a poet among the letters of the alphabet , considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea. 句子翻译罗博特富尔顿曾经写道，机械工将坐在杠杆、螺丝、轮子等周围，像诗人对待字母表中的每个字母一样，把它们作为自己的思路展示，每一个新组合都传送一个新概念。7. However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in princip

11、le unable to deal with some of the worlds more fascination and delightful aspects. 句子主干However, the world is so made thatsystems are unable to deal with some of the aspects 句子翻译然而，世界就是如此。一般而言，完美的体系无法解决世界上某些更加引人入胜的课题。翻译技巧be so made that意为“如构成”，不符合汉语表达习惯，所以译为“就是如此”。in principle 总的说来/deal with应付8. This

12、 seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.句子主干This seems done by supporting a certain amount of research notbut语法难点 not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future是分词定语，修

13、饰research。注意notbut句型，意为“不是而是”句子翻译给某些与当前目标无关但将来可能产生影响的科研提供支持，看来通常能有效地解决这一问题。翻译技巧严格说来，notbut结构应译为“不是而是”，但这样就显得罗嗦，所 以译为“与无关”，但（另一些有关）。a amount of指“数量达到”。be related to指“与有关”。9. We live a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, som

14、e wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.句子翻译 在我们生活的社会里，物质（药品）被广泛地运用于社交和医疗：服用阿司匹林来缓解头疼，喝酒来应酬，早晨和咖啡来提神，吸烟镇定情绪等。翻译技巧该句冒号以后的内容写得很轻巧，很有文学性，我们翻译的时候也不要强求字字照应，而应该也是比较灵活。如quiet不是“安静”的意思，而是“镇静”的意思。10. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to

15、 a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July.句子翻译七大工业国家的通货膨胀率去年下降到了2.3%，接近30年来最低水平，今年7月才小幅上涨到2.5%，比许多国家70年代和80年代两位数低了很多。翻译技巧the big seven industrial economies是指西方七大工业国。close to是靠近的意思。fall to是“跌落至”的意思。11. Actually, it isnt, because it assumes

16、 that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.句子翻译 事实并非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同的认识为基础的，而这种共同认识并不存在。翻译技巧agree为“约定的”意思，agreed account直译为“约定的看法”，意译为“共同的认识”。可见翻译中一定要结合汉语的语言习惯灵活转换。an agreed account of human rights不可译为“有同意的人权记录”。此外，将不定代词具体化，也更符合汉语习惯。12. The curr

17、ent passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B type fellows.解释: 非限定性定语从句.参考译文现在这种让孩子们和其同学或时间竞争的热情导致了一个双层结构，在这个结构里面善于竞争的A类好像在某个方面要比他们B类的同辈更胜一筹。13. The paid manager act

18、ing for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away.参考译文代表公司的花钱雇来的经理与工人及其需求的关系更加直接，但是就连他对工

19、人们也没有那种熟识的私人之间的了解。而在现在正在消失的古老家族公司的那种更加家长式的制度下的雇主们却常常对他们的工人有这样的私人关系。14. A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who ad

20、vocated decreased funding for basic research.参考译文一项关于1996年新闻报道的调查显示，反科学的标签还可以贴在许多其他团体身上，从提倡消灭最后存留的天花病毒的权威机构，到鼓吹削减基础研究经费的共和党人(都被贴上了反科学的标签)。15. The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male- dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are alre

21、ady questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Jan pans rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs.参考译文战后婴儿潮一代的步入成年以及女性打入男性主导的劳动力市场使得青少年的发展机会变得极为有限，他们已经在不停地质疑为了爬上日本国内那通往优秀学校和体面工作的严酷的社会阶梯而做出的巨大的个人牺牲。16. At the same time, the American Law Institute-a group of judges, lawyers, and

22、 academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight-issued new guidelines for tort lawstating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them witha lengthy list of possible ones.解释: stating that是分词定语参考译文与此同时，美国法律研究所-由一群法官、律师和理论专家组成，他们的建议分量极重-发布了新的民事伤害法令指导方针，宣称公司不必提醒顾客

23、注意显而易见的危险，也不必连篇累牍地一再提请他们注意一些可能会出现的危险。17That sex ratio which maximizes the number ofdescendants an individual will have andhence the number of gene copies transmitted will be favored译文：那种性别比例能在最大程度上增加一个个体所能拥有的后代数量，并因此能在最大程度上增加所传递到后代身上去的基因复制品的数量。 18Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale

24、 was frequent，he shows that the slaves preference，revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent，was very much for stable monogamy. 参考译文：虽然古特曼承认，由于奴隶买卖而造成的被迫离散甚为频繁，但他还是证明，奴隶的偏爱-在那些奴隶买卖并不频繁的种植园上被最为显著地揭示出来-在很大程度上侧重于稳定的一夫一妻制（monogamy）。 19. It was possible to demonstrate by other methods

25、 refined structural differences among neuron types ; however , proof was lacking that the quality of the impulse or its condition was influenced by these differences , which seemed instead to influence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits.参考译文有可能通过其他方法来证明神经元种类间的细微的结构差异；可是，这样的证据是缺乏的，即神

26、经冲动的性质或者状态是受这些差异所影响的，而这些差异看起来却能影响神经网络的发育模式。 20. This preference for exogamy，Gutman suggests， may have derived fromWest African rules governing marriage，which，though they differed from one tribal group to another，all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin. 参考译文：古特曼表示，这种对于外部通婚

27、的偏爱很有可能缘起于西部非洲制约着婚姻的规定，尽管这些规定在一个和另一个部落群体之间不尽相同，但都涉及到某种对近亲联姻（union with close kin）的禁止。 第二节 平步青云征服并列平行结构英语的并列连词，包括and，not only.but also, eitheror, nor, neither, neither.nor, but, yet.并列成分的种类有很多,可能是动词短语并列, 名词的定语的并列, 从句的并列, 介词短语的并列。 如果并列连词连接几个并列成分,那么可以增加句子的气势，增加句子的连贯性，结构紧凑，避免重复。21. A lateral move that h

28、urt my pride and blocked my professional progress promoted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming I wanted to spend more time with my family.参考译文一次侧面的不光明磊落的攻击伤害了我的自尊，阻碍了我事业的发展， 使我不得不抛弃了那份引人注目的工作，尽管表面上我

29、还要以一个蒙受屈辱的政府部长的姿态，通过声称我只不过是想多和家人呆在一起来掩盖我的退出。22. When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankinds instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.句子主干When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is .instinct, an instinct that should be句子翻译 这种反应

30、并不错，这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用，这种本能应得到鼓励而不应遭到嘲弄。23. Hardys weakness derived from his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic andrisky ones. 译文：哈代的缺陷一方面缘起于他的某种明显的无能，无法控制好那结不尽相同的创作冲动的穿梭往来；另一方面缘起于他不愿意去培养和维持那些富于生机

31、活力和风险性强的创作冲动。24. Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.句子翻译在这些原因中，有些完全是自然而然地来自社会需求，另一些则是由于科学在一定程度上自我加速而产生的某些特定发展的必然结果。翻译技巧这个翻译比较简单，注意being to的翻译即可。25. It lead

32、s the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.句子翻译 这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使人们认为应这样对待动物：要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅，要么完全冷漠无情。翻译技巧it 的所指要明确。leads the discussion to extremes译成“将讨论引向两个极端”，at the outset译成“从一开始”。注意把被动句译为主动句，更合乎汉语习惯。26. Dep