全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一真题及答案.docx

1、全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一真题及答案2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)真题及答案（江南博哥）材料题根据以下材料，回答1-20题Today,we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps are all available on our smart phones.1of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone.But phones2on batteries,and batteries can die faster

2、than were alize.3you get lost without a phone or a compass, and you4cant find north, a few tricks may help you navigate5to civilization, one of which is to follow the land.When you find yourself well6a trail, but not in a completely7area,you have to answer two questions: Which8is downhill, in this p

3、articular area?And where is the nearest water source? Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on supplies of fresh water.9,if you head downhill, and follow any H20 you find, you should10see signs of people.If youve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sights - you may be11how qu

4、ickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings.Another12: Climb high and look for signs of human habitation.13,even in dense forest, you should be able to14gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and other paths people carve15the woods.Head toward these16to find a w

5、ay out.At night scan the horizon for17light sources, such as fires and streetlights, then walk toward the glow of light pollution.18, assuming youre lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the19we leave on the landscape. Trail blazes, tire tracks, and other features can20you to civilizatio

6、n.1单选题第1题答案是_.A.SomeB.MostC.FewD.All正确答案：C参考解析：此题考查词义辨析和上下文语境。首句为主题句：今天，我们生活在一个GPS定位系统，数字地图和其他导航应用程序都能在我们的智能手机中找到的世界里。空格所在句指出：我们中的_在没有电话的情况下直接走进树林。空格句前谈到我们生活在一个靠智能手机指引的世界里，所以句意为在没有手机的情况下我们很少有人走进树林。本句由without和few构成双重否定表肯定。根据句意应填入few“几乎没有人”，符合题意，故选c。2单选题第2题答案是A.putB.takeC.runD.come正确答案：C参考解析：此题考查固定搭配。

7、run on battery表示手机用电池发动，运行。其他选项：put on“穿上，使运转”，take on“承担，呈现”，come on“快点，开始”，代入文中，语义不通顺，故选c。3单选题第3题答案是_.A.SinceB.IfC.ThoughD.Until正确答案：B参考解析：此题考查逻辑关系。空格所在句译文：_你在没有手机和指南针的情况下迷路，_找不到北方，我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航_文明之地。联系上下文，此处为假设的情况，故填入if，符合题意，故选B。4单选题第4题答案是_.A.formallyB.relativelyC.graduallyD.literally正确答案：D参考解析：

8、空格所在句译文：如果你在没有手机和指南针的情况下迷路，_找不到北方，我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航_文明之地。此处literally表示“确实地，真正地”，代入原文，语义通顺，即确实找不到北方，故选D。代入其他选项后，不符合原文意思，故排除。5单选题第5题答案是_.A.backB.nextC.aroundD.away正确答案：A参考解析：空格所在句译文：如果你在没有手机和指南针的情况下迷路，确实找不到北方，我们有一些技巧可以帮助你_导航文明之地。前文讲lost(迷路)，此处填入back(回到)文明之地，相互呼应，故选A。6单选题第6题答案是_.A.ontoB.offC.acrossD.along

9、正确答案：B参考解析：此处考查词义辨析和词组搭配。空格所在句的译文为：当你_路径，但不是完全_的区域，你需要回答两个问题：在这个特殊区域，哪条_是下坡?哪里有最近的水源?通过后半句的问题，能了解到前面是当你偏离轨道，迷失踪迹的时候。B项off意为“逃离，离开”符合语义要求，故选B。7单选题第7题答案是_.A.unattractiveB.uncrowdedC.unchangedD.unfamiliar正确答案：D参考解析：此处考查词义辨析。空格所在句的前一句说迷失踪迹，偏离轨道。空格所在后半句but开头，所填入的形容词需要和前面构成逻辑转折关系，虽然偏离轨道，但也不是完全不熟悉的路。只有D项un

10、familiar“不熟悉的”，符合题意。A项意为“不吸引人的”，B项意为“宽敞的”，C项意为“未改变的”，均不符合题意，故排除。8单选题第8题答案是_.A.siteB.pointC.wayD.place正确答案：C参考解析：此处考查词义辨析。空格所在句句意：你需要回答两个问题，在这个特殊区域，哪个_是下坡?哪里有最近的水源?空格处所填的词需要符合上下文语境。c项意为“道路”，即哪个是下坡路?符合语义要求。9单选题第9题答案是_.A.SoB.YetC.InsteadD.Besides正确答案：A参考解析：此处考查词逻辑关系。空格所在句的前一句指出：生活在山谷的人，基本都靠淡水为生。后面也就是空格

11、所在句：_如果你下山，沿着水走，你_会发现人类的迹象。很明显空格处所填的连词和前面构成因果逻辑关系，只有A项符合题意，故选A。10单选题第10题答案是_.A.immediatelyB.intentionallyC.unexpectedlyD.eventually正确答案：D参考解析：此处考查词义辨析。空格所在句句意：所以如果你下山，沿着你找到的水一直走，你_会看到人类的迹象。空格处所需的副词需要符合本句语境并使句子通顺。D项eventually“最后，终于”，符合语义要求，故选D。A项意为“立刻”，B项意为“有意地”，c项意为“出乎意料地”，三个选项代入空格均不符合题意。11单选题第11题答案

12、是_.A.surprisedB.annoyedC.frightenedD.confused正确答案：A参考解析：空格所在句提到：如果你之前去过这个地方，一定要注意熟悉的景象，你或许会_识别出一块特征明显的岩石或树木能如此快速地帮助你恢复方位感。此句明显体现了积极褒义的感情色彩，根据这个线索，可直接选出A项为正确答案，即“你或许会惊讶于”12单选题第12题答案是_.A.problemB.optionC.viewD.result正确答案：B参考解析：这里提到了一个关键词another，所以说明它所指代的内容在上文中提到过，且后面有冒号解释说明：爬到高处，寻找人类居住的迹象。说明这也是另一种方法，所

13、以只有option最合适，故选B。13单选题第13题答案是_.A.Above allB.In contrastC.On averageD.For example正确答案：D参考解析：此处考查上下文逻辑。此处需要根据空格前后两句话之间的语义关系来选择。空格前提到“另一个办法就是来寻找有人类居住的迹象”是一种大致的方法，后面内容是具体分析，所以用表示举例分析的for example最合适，故选D。14单选题第14题答案是_.A.bridgeB.avoidC.spotD.separate正确答案：C参考解析：结合原文语境，“即使是在茂密的森林里，你也能够_林木线的缝隙。”所以这里填上的动词需与缝隙搭

14、配，只有spot“观察”，符合题意，故选C。15单选题第15题答案是_.A.fromB.throughC.beyondD.under正确答案：B参考解析：空格处需填入介词来和前面的动词carve及后面的名词woods构成顺畅的语义搭配。Carve_ the woods：在森林中开辟道路，B项through用法最恰当，故选B。16单选题第16题答案是_.A.postsB.linksC.shadesD.breaks正确答案：D参考解析：本题空格前有一个指示代词these，通过语义，“these_”指代上文的“roads，train tracks，and other paths”，并有定语从句“pe

15、ople carve through the woods”修饰，从语义上看，breaks“岔路口”最合适，即朝着这些岔路口走，找到一条出路，故选D。17单选题第17题答案是_.A.artificialB.mysteriousC.hiddenD.limited正确答案：A参考解析：本题所在句子“scanfor_ light sources”，与本段开头“look for signs of human habitation”结构一致，语义相关，空格处所填的形容词和human意思相近，选择artificial“人造的”。除此之外，该空后所列举的两种光源的共同特点就是artificial“人工的，人造

16、的”，故选A。18单选题第18题答案是_.A.FinallyB.ConsequentlyC.IncidentallyD.Generally正确答案：A参考解析：本空位于段首，并由逗号隔开，所以考查上下文逻辑。空后为条件状语从句“assuming you”，与上文构成顺接递进关系，选项中，只有finally表顺接递进，故选A。19单选题第19题答案是_.A.memoriesB.marksC.notesD.belongings正确答案：B参考解析：空格后的定语从句“we leave on the landscape”，由语义得知此处应填“标记”，即假设你迷失在一个人类常去的地方，寻找我们在风景中留

17、下的标记，故选B。20单选题第20题答案是_.A.restrictB.adoptC.leadD.expose正确答案：C参考解析：本空主要考查语义搭配，所填动词需要与主语“Trail blazes，tire tracks and other features”，宾语“you”，以及不定式“to civilization”之间构成完整语义，所以此处填lead“引导”最合适，即引导你回归文明之地，故选C。材料题根据以下材料，回答21-25题Financial regulators in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses

18、 of big banks.Starting next year, any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing.The main purpose of this clawback rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institutions

19、.Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long-term decision-making not only by banks but by all corporations,to build a stronger economy for future generations.Short-termism or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly traded companies,says the Bank of Englands top econo

20、mist, Andrew Haldane.He quotes a giant of classical economics, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once rather than putting them aside to be eaten last.The average time for holding a stock in both the

21、 United States and Britain, he notes,has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades.Transient investors,who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firms efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty.This has been dubbedquarterly capitalis

22、m.In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities, quicker use of information, and thus shorter attention spans in financial markets. There seems to be a predominance of short-term thinking at the expense of long-term investing, said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of

23、 the US Securities and Exchange Commission in a speech this week.In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has pushed most public companies to defer performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year, slightly helping reduceshort-termism. In its latest survey of CEO pay, The Wall Street Journ

24、al finds thata substantial part of executive pay is now tied to performance.Much more could be done to encourage long-termism, such as changes in the tax code and quicker disclosure of stock acquisitions.In France, shareholders who hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes

25、earn more voting rights in a company.Within companies, the right compensation design can provide incentives for executives to think beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of all stakeholders.Britains new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest in their performance,not

26、just for the short term but for the long term.21单选题According to Paragraph 1, one motive in imposing the new rule is to_.A.enhance bankers sense of responsibility.B.help corporations achieve larger profits.C.build a new system of financial regulation.D.guarantee the bonuses of top executives.正确答案：A参考

27、解析：细节题。根据题干关键词“paragraph 1”和“one motive in imposing the new rule”可定位在文章第一段第三句“The main purpose of thisclawback rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institution”，由此可知这个规则的主要目的是让银行家为不良风险负责以及修复公众对金融机构的信任。对比四个选项，只有A项enhance banks sense of r

28、esponsibility“增加银行的责任感”与原文表述一致，故为正确答案。22单选题Alfred Marshall is quoted to indicate_.A.the conditions for generating quick profits.B.governmentsimpatience in decision-making.C.the solid structure of publicly traded companies.D.short-termismin economic activities.正确答案：D参考解析：根据题干中的Alfred Marshall可定位在文章第二

29、段最后一句“Alfred Marshall，in describing this financial impatience as acting like”，其中的“this financial impatience”指上文提到的“short-termism”，也就是Alfred Marshall描述“短期主义”的行为就像，由此可知，D项“short-termism”in economic activities“经济活动中的短期主义”为正确答案。其他选项在原文均未提及，故排除。23单选题It is argued that the influence of transient investment

30、 on public companies can be_.A.indirect.B.adverse.C.minimal.D.temporary.正确答案：B参考解析：由题干中的关键词“transient investment”定位到文章第三段第二句“Transient investors，who demand high quarterly profits from companies，can hinder a firms efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty”，由此可知，短期投资会对公司的长期规划设阻，并影响客户的忠诚度。B项adverse“不利的”对应原文“hinder”，故为正确选项。ACD项在原文并未提及，故排除。24单选题The US and France examples are used to illustrate_.A.the obstacles to preventing short-termism.B.the significance of long-term thinking.C.the ap