翻译.docx

1、翻译外文翻译毕业设计题目：桃花坞年画在家纺设计中的应用译文：1、印度和巴基斯坦将在美国家用纺织品进口方面输给中国？2、创新性的覆膜粘合剂原文：1、Will India and Pakistan Lose to China in US Home Textile Import？2、Innovative adhesives for membrane译文1：印度和巴基斯坦将在美国家用纺织品进口方面输给中国？虽然距离2008年底中美纺织品协议终止还有一年多前的时间，然而在某些类别的纺织品上中国急剧上升的出口增长使其他人的市场份额显得相形见绌带来的担忧一直在缓慢上升。今年上半年美国家用纺织品的进口产品为未

2、来纺织的发展给出了信号。中国是世界上最大的纺织品生产国，并且近几年平均每年进口棉花数百万，大部分进口棉花来自美国。美国想把制成品要回自己国内可能是美国市场从中国进口增长的原因。除了这些棉为主家用纺织品，其他重要的纤维制成的产品也在这一领域迅速崛起，但印度和巴基斯坦在469类上都有惊人的增长，其中前者上升44.65，后者上升200。由于这三个国家占有压倒性的全球市场份额，在2007年说，相对于去年同期的78.34%，在美国棉花家用纺织品进口市场，改变他们个人在美国进口份额下跌或上升的行为可能会很有趣,因为它预示着一种在未来购买行为上的转变。巴基斯坦仍然在美国棉家居纺织品进口上占有相当大的份额，尽

3、管在2006年的前6个月一度从41下降到35，同时，枕套市场也是如此，纯棉床单从41.42降至36，床罩/被子从62.3降至51.91大概下降了10个百分点。巴基斯坦的安全问题升级可能有部分原因是因为美国采购商转移到中国采购，以至于在前面提到的三个类别上中国的市场占有份额分别达到61.13、53.65和59.55，在美国进口市场份额上占有越来越多的份额，即枕套34.46，棉床单34.35和床罩/被子23。但是，中国在某些类别如羊毛家纺占有的市场份额不大，尤其是羊毛毯子，与印度相比，以羊毛为基础的底板包复和其他羊毛制造的制造品平均比较大约占据美国市场份额的一半。这是一个乐观的看法。悲观地看，如果

4、花一眼看一下当前趋势就会发现印度可能会受到中国对美国出货量增长了23的威胁，接着，在去年中国下降了38，与从印度的进口量大幅下降了52形成了一个鲜明的对比。印度在美国市场仍然保持近60的份额，保持着第一的位置，而中国只占有23.05的份额，距离印度在这一类市场上的王者地位很远，在所有上市的羊毛类人造纤维市场也是如此，印度和巴基斯坦也无话可说，因为这两个国家更多地依赖于家用纺织品天然纤维而不是人造纤维，人造纤维几乎是以中国为中心的，去年其产量声称突破20万吨，更占据64的全国总纤维加工量，以及占了世界人造纤维的产量三分之二。一切都被“合成”是不可能的，但在这个国家是可能的。中国人造纤维在美国家用

5、纺织品进口中占有了大部分份额，与此同时巴基斯坦却遭遇了669类53.35的急剧下降，占有美国市场份额几乎为零。印度666类下降了18.33，669类则大幅上升了29.04，但是只占有少少的5.52的市场份额。中国，印度和巴基斯坦通常被认为是“纺织大国”，尽管中国是三个中最高的。每个人都应该知道，印度和巴基斯坦是世界上仅有的两个国家在政府内阁设有纺织部，有政府提供支持，有政府为当地纺织工业发展制定指导方针，而中国在1993年纺织部就被解散，2001年又再次放弃了纺织工业局，让纺织自由发展来带动纺织工业增长。这是真正的中国纺织业现状，其变现为更活跃的和以羊毛为基础的覆盖材料及其他羊毛加工材料,与印

6、度相比，所占有约一半的美国市场份额，虽然中国是活力最高的,因为当前其发展很大程度上是由市场驱动的，而在过去则是一切都在旧政府规划体系控制之下。印度和巴基斯坦会在未来像中国政府那样扮演在纺织行业中的角色吗？政府支持下的纺织产业会比市场化的纺织产业更具竞争力吗？赢或输，这是一个如何玩的问题，不是得到了什么的问题，而是要获得什么的问题。 原文1：Will India and Pakistan Lose to China in US Home Textile Imports?By James H. ZhaoAlthough there is still over one year ahead of t

7、he timeline when US-China textile agreement is to be terminated at the end of 2008, the worries for Chinas export surging growth to dwarf the others in market share seems to have already inched up in some categories of home-textiles. US home-textile import in the first part of the year provides a si

8、gnal for what would happen in the future.China is the world largest cotton textile producer and imports millions of cotton on average in recent years, majority of the imported cotton comes from USA. The made-ups going back to the states could be the reason for the import growth from China in US mark

9、et. Besides these cotton-based home textiles, the products made of the other important fibers have also found a rapid rise in this sector, but India and Pakistan both have an amazing chalk up in Category 469 where the former is up by 44.65% and the latter 200%. As the three countries account for an

10、overwhelming global share, saying 81.96% in the first half of 2007 as against 78.34% in the same period last year, in the US import market for the cotton home-textiles, a change in their individual fall or rise in US import share would be interesting, for it indicates a shift in future buying behavi

11、or. Pakistan is still very strong in cotton home-textile in US import share despite a fall from 41% in the first 6 months in 2006 to 35% in the same time this year for pillowcase, and from 41.42% to 36% for cotton sheets, and a 10 percentage point down for bedspreads/quilts from 62.3% to 51.91%. The

12、 escalation in security concerns in Pakistan might have partly explained US buyers sourcing shift to China as China has roared up to 61.13%, 53.65% and 59.55% in the mentioned three categories in US import to take up more market share, namely 34.46% for pillowcase, 34.35% for cotton sheets and 23% f

13、or bedspreads/quilts.But China is not a giant in some categories when it comes to wool home textiles, especially for wool blankets,wool-based floor coverings and other wool manufacturing when compared with India that takes up around half of US market share on average. That is an optimistic view of t

14、he figure. Pessimistically, if one takes a look at a trend only to find India might be threatened by Chinese rising shipments to USA as China rose 23%, following a drop of 38% last year in a sharp contrast to a dramatic decline by 52% from India. India still keeps almost 60% of US market share, taki

15、ng the No.1 position in this category while China only takes up only 23.05% share, far from dethroning Indias king position in this category and in all the listed wool categories as well.On the market for man-made fiber categories, India and Pakistan have nothing to say as both countries depend more

16、 on natural fibers for home-textile than on man-made fibers that are almost globally centered in China that declared to break through 20 million tons in production last year, taking up 64% of the countrys total fiber processing volume, and two-thirds of the world MMF production. Everything being “sy

17、nthetic” is not possible, but probable in this country.China takes the lions share in MMF categories in US home-textile import while Pakistan encountered a sharp fall of 53.35% in category 669 to take almost a nil share in US market.India fell 18.33% in growth in category 666 and had an impressive i

18、ncrease of 29.04% in category 669, but only to take a poor 5.52% market share.China, India and Pakistan are normally thought of as “textile giants”, even though China is the tallest of the three. One should be aware that India and Pakistan are the only two countries in the world, which have Ministri

19、es of Textile in the government cabinet to provide governmental support and guidelines for the development of the local textile industry while China dismissed its Ministry of Textile in 1993 and once again abandoned the State Administration of Textile Industry in 2001 to give a free hand to the grow

20、th of its textile industry. It is true the Chinese textile industry is now more active and wool-based floor coverings and other wool manufacturing when compared with India that takes up around half of US market share on average. even though China is the tallest of the dynamic as its growth is largel

21、y driven by market system than it was in the past when everything was under control in the old governmental planning system.Will India and Pakistan run into the same problems as China did with government involvement in the textile industry? Would government-supportive industry turn out to be more co

22、mpetitive than the marketized industry? Win or Lose, it is a matter of how to play the game, not a matter of what was gained, but a matter of what to be gained.译文2：新的涂料线需要用超过 4 倍的投资量用来磨工。 Ravlex卷材将根据要求卷达2.5米的宽度，以及根据各种孔径大小及特种涂料的特殊应用来提供不同的产品。创新性的覆膜粘合剂纺织行业最畅销的层压产品是覆膜纺织品.为了使膜的技术性能得到综合使用，和组装技术结合使用是必需的。新材

23、料，创新的设计以及从一个成就到下一个的成就，这需要经常地跟进和改善焊接方法。显然，当考虑到覆膜透气性的要求，当今的粘合剂在许多情况下是影响覆膜功能性的一个主要因素。自强PP复合材料单一的复合材料作为替代聚丙烯纤维的一种补充材料，当前被用来解决处理因多种材料制成的复合材料不断增加而带来的多种问题。为增强纤维的需求而发展起来的一种高强度模量、收缩性差的聚丙烯是利用乙烯基硅烷醇纤维来达到效果的。两种不同的方法被用来硅烷接枝的测试：反应挤出或在一种相悬浮的状态下进行接枝改性。用这两种方法是可能修改不同的化学硅烷醇而使聚丙烯的热灯丝生产塑料的加工性能保持均衡，以致灯丝也可交联。经过交联聚丙烯长丝纺丝工艺

24、阶段，接着是一个独立的处理阶段。交叉连接的纤维是通过热水处理交联催化剂来实现结合的，在交叉结合中，接枝元件首先被加水分解，在这个过程中，交联硅羟基形成。交联是由一个邻近聚合物通过纺丝生产的纤维基体聚合物链的硅羟基缩合而成的。释放医用气体的纺织品在德国海恩斯坦的卫生和生物技术研究所（水生所）已经开发出第一项可以有效释放医疗气体的纺织品。纺织品研发工作是在水生所的一个通用研究项目的支持下完成的。此类纺织品将用于未来的治疗应用。已开发的原型由棉花和氧化硅通过纳米技术来精制纤维的。粘合这个模型的是一种物质，作为一氧化氮的适配器（也被称为一氧化氮），在生理条件下释放气体。一个发出一氧化氮的事物可能被应用

25、的领域是多样化的，因为气 产生的分子具有一个特性的大范围。此外，一氧化氮也具有一个建立在毁坏细菌细胞薄膜基础上的抗菌功能，这可以损失他们的遗传物质，限制他们为提供能源而进行的新陈代谢。 确保一氧化氮的作用一个决定性因素是保证它被释放的实验地点要接近实际应用的地点，因为分子本身有一个很短的半衰期。因此，在德国海恩斯坦研究所的科学家在反细菌纺织品的研究中主要地用了一氧化氮涂料技术。但是，在其他工作组的刊物上，表示释放一氧化氮的涂料技术也可以在防止细菌粘连的地方供移植用，如导管，假肢或体内的传感器。 除了从纺织角度来展示释放一氧化氮之外，水生所的科学家也证明了释放气体纺织品的抗菌功效并为口腔环境制定

26、了系统测量一氧化氮的方法。支持层可以提高过滤介质的生产效率法国BV公司，阿纳姆/荷兰，推出了新的支持过滤层，这项技术既帮助生产者提高了过滤介质的生产速度，同时也降低了生产成本。由于它组成的双组纱是由聚酯纤维覆盖聚丙烯形成的，因此新型汽车地毯背衬Colback Pro具有比传统Colback更低的熔点。此功能不仅降低了生产能耗，而且改善了其他过滤介质的粘合性。其他新系列产品中的关键性能，包括改善静电极化、增强耐酸性和改良焊接性能。 除了这些新功能，Colback Pro只需所有Colback支撑层所需的相同费用。专门设计以适应过滤行业的需求，这些支持层提高了在空气和液体过滤介质和活性碳层应用中的

27、有效性和持久性。其优点是在低重量和低厚度状态下保持高强度，具有良好的尺寸、热稳定性和可活动的结构。支撑层易于加工，保证了褶的良好和成品的高透气性。耐洗无尘抗螨保护床上用品和家用纺织品设计师布格多夫/瑞士，在新的应用领域先后推出了具有洗涤耐尘螨保护功能的银产品，特别是在床上用品和家用纺织品市场，这让顾客倍感喜悦。这个产品因其独特的技术已经申请专利。银，其天然抗菌的成效，自古以来就闻名于世，这为新开发的产品25-25银抗菌T提供了坚实的基础。原文2：new coating line with an investment volume of more than 4 Mill. Ravlex roll

28、 goods up to 2.5 m width will be available on request as well as different product variations for various pore sizes & special coatings for exceptional applications.Innovative adhesives for membranelamination The fastest-selling products in the textile industry are membrane-laminated textiles.To mak

29、e comprehensive use of the technical properties of the membrane, bonding as assembly technology is required. New materials, innovative designs and demands which go from one extreme level of performance to the next, need to be followed up by constant improvements of the bonding methods.It is clear th

30、at adhesives today are in many cases a major factor of influence on functionality of membranes when considering their breathability.Self-strengthening PP compositesA single composites based on polypropylene as an alternative and a complement to the fiber reinforced materials that are currently used

31、to solve the ever increasing problems of disposing and re-using composites made up of multiple materials. From the demands for a reinforcing fiber arose the need to develop a high-tensile and high strength modulus PP fiber with little shrinkage which was achieved by radical grafting fo vinyl alkoxid

32、e silanes. Two different methods were tested for the silane grafting: Graft modification through reactive extrusion or in a heterogenic phase in suspension. With both methods it was possible to chemically modify PP with different alkoxide silanes so that the thermo-plastic processing properties for the production of filaments were maintained and that the filaments could also be cross-linked. The cross-linking of the PP filaments that follows the spinning process is a separate processing phase. The cross-linking of the fibers is achieved by a hot