电液比例阀基本原理.docx

1、电液比例阀基本原理 电液比例阀基本原理 PROPORTIONAL VALVES - BASIC PRINCIPLES比例阀基本原理Steve Skinner, Eaton Hydraulics, Havant, UK Copyright?Eaton Hydraulics 2000BASIC SYSTEM1) 一般认为一个简单的液压系统由油 箱（A）、电动机（B）、泵（C）、溢 流阀（ D）、过滤器（ E）、流量控制 阀（ F）、方向控制阀（ G）、和油缸 （H）组成。 H2) 油缸的运动是由流量控 制阀（确定运动的速度） 和方向控制阀（油缸运动 的方向）控制。 GFE DCBABASIC SY

2、STEM当电磁阀得电时，油缸活塞将伸出和 回缩 , 其速度由流量控制阀确定，而电 磁阀不具有控制速度的能力。 BASIC SYSTEMA three position solenoid valve can: - extend the cylinderBASIC SYSTEMA three position solenoid valve can: - extend the cylinder - retract the cylinderBASIC SYSTEMA three position solenoid valve can: - extend the cylinder - retract t

3、he cylinder - stop the cylinder因此电磁阀的动作非常象一个电路中的开 关 在此位置灯是关闭状态. 在另外一个位置是开启状态， 而没有中间状态。 and in the other position it is switched on but there are no intermediate states.然而众所周知，另一种形式的开关能够 用来控制灯泡，调光开关 However, another type of switch can be used for controlling a light bulb known as a dimmer switch.在这个例

4、子中，这个开关能够被转到全开 和全关的任一位置，来调整灯泡的亮度 In this case, the switch can be turned to any position between fully off and fully on to vary the brightness of the bulb.In this case, the switch can be turned to any position between fully off and fully on to vary the brightness of the bulb.In this case, the switch

5、can be turned to any position between fully off and fully on to vary the brightness of the bulb.In this case, the switch can be turned to any position between fully off and fully on to vary the brightness of the bulb.In this case, the switch can be turned to any position between fully off and fully

6、on to vary the brightness of the bulb.In this case, the switch can be turned to any position between fully off and fully on to vary the brightness of the bulb.在这个例子中，这个开关能够被转到全开 和全关的任一位置，来调整灯泡的亮度。 In this case, the switch can be turned to any position between fully off and fully on to vary the brigh

7、tness of the bulb.In this case, the switch can be turned to any position between fully off and fully on to vary the brightness of the bulb.BASIC SYSTEM1) 比例方向阀能够被看作与调光开 关具有同样功能。 A proportional directional valve can be thought of as the dimmer switch equivalent of an electrical switch. 2) 阀芯能够移动到在任一

8、位置，而不仅仅是三个不 连续的位置。 阀芯在离开中位的方向仍 然确定油缸运动的方向， 但阀芯离开中位的距离控 制活塞的速度。 BASIC SYSTEM于是在实际上比例阀可以同时作为方 向阀和流量阀来使用。 So in effect the proportional directional valve is acting as both a directional valve and a flow control valve.SWITCHING SOLENOID VALVE一个传统的电磁阀能够被认为是一个简单的开关阀。 A conventional solenoid valve can be t

9、hought of as a simple switching valve. 它可以被一些只有简单电流通断的开关的电设备来控制 It is controlled by some form of electrical device which simply switches the electrical current on or off.SWITCHING SOLENOID VALVEA conventional solenoid valve can be thought of as a simple switching valve. It is controlled by some form

10、 of electrical device which simply switches the electrical current on or off.SWITCHING SOLENOID VALVEA conventional solenoid valve can be thought of as a simple switching valve. It is controlled by some form of electrical device which simply switches the electrical current on or off.PROPORTIONAL VAL

11、VE一个比例方向阀是由与一个与调光开关非常象的电设备控制的。 A proportional directional valve however will be controlled by an electrical device more like a dimmer switch.PROPORTIONAL VALVE通过改变两个之一电磁铁的电流，阀芯移动的位移能够被改变， 因此控制了通过阀的流量。 By varying the current to either solenoid, the amount of spool movement can be varied and hence the

12、 amount of flow through the valve can be controlled.PROPORTIONAL VALVEBy varying the current to either solenoid, the amount of spool movement can be varied and hence the amount of flow through the valve can be controlled.PROPORTIONAL VALVEBy varying the current to either solenoid, the amount of spoo

13、l movement can be varied and hence the amount of flow through the valve can be controlled.PROPORTIONAL VALVEBy varying the current to either solenoid, the amount of spool movement can be varied and hence the amount of flow through the valve can be controlled.PROPORTIONAL VALVEBy varying the current

14、to either solenoid, the amount of spool movement can be varied and hence the amount of flow through the valve can be controlled.PROPORTIONAL VALVEBy varying the current to either solenoid, the amount of spool movement can be varied and hence the amount of flow through the valve can be controlled.PRO

15、PORTIONAL SOLENOID因此不像传统的电磁阀，通 过比例阀线圈的电流需要被 调整，而不仅仅是开关式的 通断。 B A F C D E比例阀电磁铁的结构与开关 式电磁铁是相似的。 电磁铁包括: - 线圈 (A) - 框架 (B) - 电枢 (C) - 电极片 (D) - 顶针 (E) 电枢被 包在一个芯轴管（F ）中。 (同时全部的总成经 常被压进一个树脂塑料的外 罩（G）中）GPROPORTIONAL SOLENOIDWhen a voltage is applied to the coil connections, an electrical current will flow

16、through the coil.PROPORTIONAL SOLENOID1) 接下来，电流生成一个磁场，磁 场主要集中在金属框架、电机片和 电枢中 In turn, the electrical current creates a magnetic field which is concentrated in the metal frame, pole piece and armature. 2) 然而在磁回路的电机片和电枢之 间有一个间隙，于是产生一个力， 其作用是关闭这个间隙以完成这个 磁回路。 There is however a gap in the magnetic circui

17、t between the pole piece and armature so a force is created which acts to close this gap and complete the magnetic circuit.PROPORTIONAL SOLENOID1) 顶针连接着电磁铁和阀芯，通常 移动阀芯压缩弹簧。 The push-pin connects the solenoid to the valve spool and normally moves the spool against a spring.2) 电磁铁产生的力The 大小由磁场强度 决定，磁场强

18、度与通过线圈的电流成比例 force created by the solenoid is determined by the strength of the magnetic field which itself is proportional to the current flowing through the coil.PROPORTIONAL SOLENOID增大线圈电流将加大电磁的力，因 此推动阀芯压缩弹簧产生一个更大 的位移。 Increasing the coil current will increase the solenoid force and hence move th

19、e spool a greater amount against the spring.PROPORTIONAL SOLENOIDIncreasing the coil current will increase the solenoid force and hence move the spool a greater amount against the spring.PROPORTIONAL SOLENOIDIncreasing the coil current will increase the solenoid force and hence move the spool a grea

20、ter amount against the spring.PROPORTIONAL SOLENOIDIFIF电磁铁被设计成电磁力 (F)与线圈电 流(I)成线性比例关系。 这意味着电 磁力仅与线圈电流有关。 开关电磁阀阀芯比例阀与开关电磁阀之间的另一个区别是阀芯的设计。 A further difference between a switching solenoid valve and a proportional valve is in the design of the spool.SWITCHING SOLENOID SPOOL1) 对于开关阀，阀芯被设计为当阀 得电时，将压降最小化

21、。 2)这意味着，控制小流量 阀开口要 求非常小并且很困难。 QWhich would mean that to control low flow rates, the amount of spool opening required would be very small and difficult to control.SSQPROPORTIONAL SPOOLQ1) 比例阀阀芯具有比较宽的边缘带 有槽口的台肩。 A proportional valve spool therefore has wider lands with notches cut into the edges.SSPR

22、OPORTIONAL SPOOL1) 比例阀阀芯具有比较宽的边缘带 有槽口的台肩。 Q2) 因此尽管通过阀的最大流量被减少了（与开 关阀对照）但小流量特别容易控制，阀的开口 更有规则。 So although the maximum flow through the valve may be reduced (compared to a switching valve) low flows in particular are more easily controlled and the opening of the valve is more gradual.SSPROPORTIONAL SP

23、OOLQ依据控制的最大流量，不同的阀芯能被适 用于不同形状、大小或阀芯槽口的大小特 定的阀 Depending upon the maximum flow to be controlled, different spools can be fitted to a particular valve which have different shape, size or number of spool notches.SS直动式比例溢流阀1)比例阀也可以被用来控制压力。 在此比例电磁铁被用来推动一个锥阀芯通过一个 弹簧压缩阀座。 电磁力越大，推开锥阀芯离开阀座打开阀的压力要求越大。 Proport

24、ional valves can also be used to control pressure. In this case a proportional solenoid is used to push a poppet against a seat via a spring. The greater the solenoid force the greater the pressure required to push the poppet off its seat and open the valve.DIRECT ACTING PROPORTIONAL RELIEF VALVE1)比

25、例阀也可以被用来控制压力。 在此比例电磁铁被用来推动一个锥阀芯通过一个 弹簧压缩阀座。 电磁力越大，推开锥阀芯离开阀座打开阀的压力要求越大。 Proportional valves can also be used to control pressure. In this case a proportional solenoid is used to push a poppet against a seat via a spring. The greater the solenoid force the greater the pressure required to push the pop

26、pet off its seat and open the valve.2) 这里提供一个直动式溢流阀功能， 但象多数此类阀一样，只能允许一个 小流量通过该阀。 This provides a direct acting relief valve function but like most such valves, it is only possible to pass small flow rates through the valve.两-级比例溢流阀为控制大流量，直动式 比例溢流阀能被用来作 为一个两级溢流阀（或 减压阀）的先导级 To control higher flow rate

27、s, the proportional direct acting relief valve can be used as the pilot stage of a twostage relief (or reducing valve).TWO-STAGE PROPORTIONAL RELIEF VALVETo control higher flow rates, the proportional direct acting relief valve can be used as the pilot stage of a twostage relief (or reducing valve).

28、BENEFITS OF PROPORTIONAL SYSTEMS比例系统的优点远程控制 传统系统在常规系统中为了调整执行器的速度， 流量控制阀必须安装在一个方便的或便 于接近的位置，这意味着与操纵台连接 的液压管路经常运行在高压下。 远程控制 比例系统对于比例系统，控制阀为电子调节，仅需要 低功率的电缆连接操纵台和比例阀即可。 With a proportional system however, where control valve adjustment is electronic, only low-power electrical cables need to be connected

29、 between the operators desk and the valve.PLC 远程控制 比例系统今天更多的是，机械控制被数字电子控 制所取代，这里情况也是一样，比例阀 的电子控制能力为液压系统和电子控制 器之间提供一个简单的接口。 比例压力控制使用比例方向和压 力控制阀意味着机 器的所有液压功能 （运动和力）能被 电子地控制。 电磁阀的反应时间 SOLENOID VALVE RESPONSE TIMEA further benefit of proportional valves is the ability to electronically control the speed

30、 of operation of the valve.比例阀地进一步功能是电子控制阀操作速度的能力。 SOLENOID VALVE RESPONSE TIME0.015SDepending upon its size and voltage supply, a conventional switching solenoid valve will have an energisation response time of approximately 15 milli-seconds. 依据阀的大小和提供的电压，一个传统的开关电磁 阀对于一个得电动作的反应时间是15毫秒。 SOLENOID VAL

31、VE RESPONSE TIME0.040SThe de-energisation response time will be only slightly slower (typically around 25 ms) since the return spring produces less force than the solenoid .由于回程弹簧的力小于电磁铁，断电的反应时间稍慢（通常25ms左右），比例阀的反应时间 PROPORTIONAL VALVE RESPONSE TIMES比例阀阀芯的运动速度能被阀电磁铁的供给电子信号确定。 通过逐渐地增加或降低信号（叫做斜坡）可以 完成几

32、秒的得电和断电时间。 The speed ofmovement of a proportional valve spool however can be determined by the electronic signal fed to the valve solenoid. By gradually increasing or decreasing the the signal (known as ramping), it is possible to achieve energisation and de-energisation response times of several seconds.PROPORTIONAL VALVE RESPONSE TIME1.000S比例阀阀芯的运动速 度能被阀电磁铁的供 给电子信号确定。 通 过逐渐地增加或降低 信号（叫做斜坡）可 以完成几秒的得电和 断电时间。 PROPORTIONAL VALVE RESPONSE TIME2.000S比例阀阀芯的运动速 度能被阀电磁铁的供 给电子信号确定。 通 过逐渐地增加