高考语法专题14强调句和省略句.docx

1、高考语法专题14强调句和省略句专题十四强调句和省略句按照考纲要求,考生应能够恰当地使用词语和强调句式对表达的内容进行强调,近几年的高考试题主要考查考生对谓语动词的强调的理解和强调句型的灵活使用,考查复合句中的强调句式;按照考试大纲的要求,考生还应掌握英语省略的一些基本原则,在行文中正确地使用省略。强调句一、强调句句型1.陈述句的强调句型:It is / was +被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语+that / who(当强调主语且主语指人+其他部分。It was on the party that he met one of his old friends.2.一般疑问句的强调句型:同上,只

2、是把is / was提到it前面。Was it on the party that he met one of his old friends?3.特殊疑问句的强调句型:被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词+is / was +it +that / who +其他部分?When and where was it that you were born?I met the film starJackie Chan at Beijing Airport yesterday.强调主语:It was I (that / who met the film starJackie Chan at Beijin

3、g Airport yesterday.强调宾语:It was the film starJackie Chan that / who I met at Beijing Airport yesterday.强调地点状语:It was at Beijing Airport that I met the film starJackie Chan yesterday.强调时间状语:It was yesterday that I met the film starJackie Chan at Beijing Airport.注意:构成强调句的it本身没有词义;强调句中的连接词一般只用that和who,

4、即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此,that和who不可省略;强调句中的时态通常用两种:一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时,用It was.,其余的时态用It is.二、not.until.句型的强调句1.句型为:It is / was not until +被强调部分+that +其他部分It was not until the last operation was finished that Bethune left the battle hospital.注意:此句型只用until,不用till。但如果不是强调句型,till和until可通用。因为

5、句型中It is / was not.已经是否定句了,that后面的从句要用肯定句,切勿再用否定句。三、谓语动词的强调1.It is / was.that.结构不能强调谓语,如果需要强调谓语时,用助动词do / does或did。Do sit down.He did write to you last week.Do be careful when you cross the street.注意:此种强调只用do / does和did ,没有别的形式;过去时用did ,后面的谓语动词用原形。省略句为了使讲话和行文简洁,句中某些成分有时可省略。省略可分以下几种情况:一、简单句中的省略1.省略主语

6、:祈使句中主语通常省略。其他省略主语的用法多限于少数现成的说法。(I Thank you for your help.(I See you tomorrow.(It Doesnt matter.2.省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分。(There is No smoking.(Is there Anything wrong?Why (do you not say hello to him?3.不定式的省略(1使役动词let, make, have及感官动词see, watch, hear, notice, observe, feel, look at, listen to 等后面作宾语补足的不定式要省

7、去to, 但在被动句时应加上to。I saw the boy fall from the tree.The boy was seen to fall from the tree.2mean, try, want, afford, decide, refuse, wish, like, need, would like, would love.等后面接不定式作宾语时,省略作宾语的不定式。只保留不定式符号to, 但如果该宾语是动词be 或完成时态的不定式时,则需在to后加上be 或have。Are you going there?Yes, Id like to (go there.Are you

8、an engineer?No, but I want to be (an engineer.3tell, warn, order, advise, ask, expect等动词后接不定式作宾补时常省略不定式的宾语补足语。The students want to enter the lab, but the monitor advises them not to (enter the lab.4两个或两个以上的动词不定式并列在一起由and / or 连接时,第1个不定式带to, 后面的不定式可省去to。但如表示对比(照等,则不省略to。Her job is to take care of the

9、 children and (to wash clothes. Its better to laugh than to cry.5主(宾语补足语中的to be 往往省略。He was thought (to be the cleverest boy in the group.6特殊结构中的省略would sooner, had better, do nothing but, have nothing to do but, theres nothing to do but, cant help but, rather than 等后的不定式的符号to常省略。He would sooner die

10、 than surrender.Id rather look after the baby than wash dishes.7主语部分有一个表“做”的do 的各种形式时,表语不定式常省略“to”。What I really want to do is (to go to the cinema.4.省略表语Are you thirsty?Yes, I am (thirsty.5.同时省略几个成分Lets meet at the same place as (we met yesterday.Have you finished your work?(I have Not (finished my

11、 work yet.二、并列句中的省略两个并列分句中,后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。My father is a doctor and my mother (is a nurse.I study at college and my sister (studies at high school.三、主从复合句中的省略1.主句中有一些成分被省略。(Im Sorry to hear that you are ill.(It is a Pity that he missed such a good chance.2.从句的省略(1宾语从句以which, when, where, how和wh

12、y引导的宾语从句在其谓语与主句谓语相同时,可省略全部谓语,甚至主语也省略,仅保留一个wh-词。She will go to Beijing, but I dont know when (she will go to Beijing.(2状语从句在时间、地点、让步、方式、条件状语从句中,如果主语与主句主语一致,或者主语是it,那么动词be及其主语通常可省略。常见的有以下几种:时间状语从句:Be careful when (you are crossing the street.条件状语从句:He wont go to the party unless (he is invited.比较状语从句:

13、Country music today remains much the same as (it was before.让步状语从句:Whether (it is right or wrong, his opinion should be paid attention to.注意:though和as 引导让步状语从句时,通常从句要倒装。从句倒装时,如果从句的表语是可数名词单数,将名词提前时,名词前面的冠词a / an须省略。Child as / though he is, he knows much about the society.=Though he is a child, he kno

14、ws much about the society.注意:有些由if 构成的省略结构,已属固定短语,如if any, if necessary, if possible, if not, if so 等。If necessary, ring me at home.He may be busy.If so, Ill call later. If not, can I see him now?(3修饰名词way 的限制性定语从句常省略in which或that。Is this way you talk to your parents?(4强调句It is / was.that.,当强调疑问句时,t

15、hat 常可省略。Why was it (that you were ten minutes late?用so或not时切不可用it或that代替。Is he coming back tonight?I think so.Is he feeling better today?Im afraid not.这种用法常见的有:How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so.及I suppose not. I believed not. I hope not等。(但I dont think so比I think not更常用。四、连词that的省略1

16、.宾语从句中常省略连词that,但也有不能省略的情况(参看“名词性从句”等有关部分。2.在定语从句中,that在从句中作宾语时可省略。3.引导主语从句、同位语从句等的连词that一般不可省略。在表语从句中偶尔可省略。在近五年的高考试卷中强调句、省略句已经成为高考热点。命题者加大了对句子结构复杂程度和知识面的考查,同时注重考查知识之间的交叉。这就要求学生在复习和备考中注意总结,全面把握,深入研究。具体把握强调句以下四大考点:1.考查强调句式的基本结构2.考查含有“not.until.”句型的强调句式3.考查强调句式的疑问句4.考查强调句式的正确判断省略是高考英语考试大纲要求掌握的语法项目之一,虽

17、然不是每年必考项目,但不少省份有所涉及。从命题的趋势来看,更侧重考查省略在交际中的功能,考查语法知识间的交叉使用。高考真题探究(20062011年【2011四川卷15】Was it on a lonely island _ he was saved one month after the boat went down?A. whereB. thatC. whichD. what【答案】B【考点】考查强调句。【解析】此处强调的是句子的地点状语on a lonely island,是强调句的一般疑问句句型:Was it + 被强调部分+ that +句子?句意:“他是不是在小船沉没一个月后在一个孤

18、岛上被营救的?”【2011陕西卷23】It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do_benefits our work most.A. whoB. whichC. thatD. what【答案】C【考点】考查强调句。【解析】强调句型:It is/was +被强调部分+that连接句子的其他部分。答案选择C。【2011重庆卷32】Have you seem the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?Of course, I have. It was in our village _ it

19、 was made.A.thatB.whereC.whenD.which【答案】A【考点】考查强调句。【解析】问话人询问对方是否看过山楂树之恋这部电影,答话人回答说当然看过,这部电影是在自己的村庄拍摄的。本句是强调句,被强调的部分是地点状语in our village。强调状语in our village。【2011湖南卷35】Its not what we do once in a while _ shapes our lives, but what we do consistentlyA .which B. that C. how D. when【答案】B【考点】本题考察强调句型。【解析】

20、本题考察强调句型。强调主语。故选B。句子意思:决定我们生活的东西不是我们偶尔所做的事情而是那些我们自始至终所做的事情。【2011江苏卷33】It sounds like something is wrong with the cars engine._ , wed better take it to the garage immediately.A. OtherwiseB. If notC. But for thatD. If so【答案】D【考点】考查省略和替代。【解析】句意:听起来车的发动机好像有问题,如果那样的话,我们最好立刻把它弄到汽修厂去。前后两句话之间是顺承关系。Otherwise

21、否则,要不然;if not要不,不然;but for that 若不是因为那件事;if so若是这样。10安徽It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village _ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.A. whereB. thatC. whenD. which答案B考点本题考查强调句型。解析迷惑点在于强调部分中含有一个定语从句that she had bought in the village。10湖南Johns success has nothing to do wit

22、h good luck. It is years of hard work has made him what he is today.A. whyB. whenC. whichD. that答案D考点考查强调句型。解析题干为强调句型, 被强调部分为years of hard work, 故选D项。10浙江The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if regularly, can improve our health.A. being carried outB. carrying outC. carried outD. to

23、carry out答案C考点本题考查if条件句中的省略情况。解析本句的句子的主语是the experiment;谓语动词是shows;that引导宾语从句, 宾语从句的主干事:proper amounts of exercise can improve our health, if_ regularly是插入的条件从句, 从句的主语是proper amounts of exercise, 此时应用it代替前面提到的主语, 条件句的主语与主句的主语一致, 并且含有is, 故省略了it is, 完整形式是:if it is carried out。句意为:这项实验表明, 适当的运动, 如果有规律的

24、进行, 能够有助于我们的身体健康。09湖南Every evening after dinner, if not from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.A. being tiredB. tiringC. tiredD. to be tired答案C考点省略句式。解析在if引导的条件状语从句中, 从句中还原应为if am not tired from work, 根据省略的原则, 所以答案选C。09江西It was _ he came back from Africa that wear _ he met the girl he woul

25、d like to marry.A. when; thenB. not; untilC. not until; thatD. only; when答案C考点强调句型。解析根据It is that 结构可知。09江西Some of you may have finished unit one. _ , you can go on to unit two.A. If you mayB. If you doC. If notD. If so答案D考点省略句的用法。解析If so = If you have done that / so你们中的一些人可能已经完成第一单元, 如果是这样的话, 你们可以继

26、续第二单元。08全国It was in New Zealand Elizabeth first met Mr.Smith.A.thatB.howC.whichD.when答案A考点此题考查强调句解析句意为:正是在新西兰伊丽莎白第一次见到史密斯先生。It+be+被强调成分+that句型为强调句。 08 天津It was along the Mississippi River _ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood. A. how B. which C. that D. where 答案C 考点此题考查强调句 解析 此处构成 It wasthat强调句式,

27、 句中强调了介词短语 along the Mississippi River。08 重庆It was not until midnight they reached the camp site. A.that B.when C.while D.as 答案A 考点考查强调句。 解析从 not until 在 it was 后可以判断这是一个强调含有 not until 的句子, 强调句型中只能 用 that。 08 福建Who should be responsible for the accident? The boss, not the workers.They just carried o

28、ut the order . A.as told B.as are told C.as telling D.as they told 答案A 考点此题考查状语从句的省略 解析as told=as they were told, 此处是 as 引导的方式状语从句的省略。当从句主语与主句 主语一致, 且谓语动词含有 be 时, 将从句的主语和 be 省略。 又因为 workers 与 tell 之间是被动 关系, 排除 C、D。 07 全国We all know that, , the situation will get worse. A.not if dealt carefully with

29、B.if not carefully dealt with C.if dealt not carefully with D.not if carefully dealt with 答案B 考点此题考查省略句式 解析that 后跟宾语从句, 宾语从句中含有一个主从句, if 从句使用了省略句式, 完整的形式 应为 if it is not carefully dealt with, it 指代主句中的 situation。 07 安徽In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than . A.that used

30、to be B.it is used to C.it was used to D.it used to be 答案D 考点不定式的省略。 解析表示 “过去常常”用 used to do, 并且本题中动词原形 be 不能省略。 07 重庆It is not who is right but what is right is of importance. A.which B.it C.that D.this 答案C 考点此题考查强调句型 解析本句为 It is.that.强调句型。 06 全国It was not until she got home Jennifer realized she h

31、ad lost her keys. A.when B.that C.where D.before 答案B 考点本题考查强调句。 解析 强调句的基本结构为 “It is/was+被强调部分+that/who.”。 本题强调时间状语从句, 用 that。 -6- 06 辽宁It was after he got what he had desired he realized it was not so important. A.that B.when C.since D.as 答案A 考点此题考查强调句。 解析该句为强调句, 强调句子的时间状语 after he got what he had desired。强调句的结构是 I