Peter-Newmark.pptx

1、Peter Newmark&Language Functions,Brief Introduction of Peter Newmark,Peter Newmark(12 April 1916 9 July 2011)was an English professor of translation at the University of Surrey.He was one of the main figures in the founding of Translation Studies in the English-speaking world in twentieth century.He

2、 was also very influential in the Spanish-speaking world.,He is widely read through a series of accessible and occasionally polemical works:A Textbook of Translation(1988),Paragraphs on Translation(1989),About Translation(1991),More Paragraphs on Translation(1998),Major Works of Peter Newmark,A.Majo

3、r Translation Theories,Two Translation Methods&Three Types of Texts,Comprehension,SL Text,Formulation(Recreation),TL Text,Two Translation Methods,SL emphasis,TL emphasis,Word-for-word translation,Literal Translation,Faithful Translation,Idiomatic Translation,Communicative Translation,Semantic Transl

4、ation,Free Translation,Adaptation,Comparsion between Semantic&Communicative Translation,Wet paint!,semantic translation(语义翻译)：湿油漆！communicative translation（交际翻译）：油漆未 干，请勿触摸！,Bissiger Hund&Chien mechant,semantic translation(语义翻译)：dog that bites&savage dog communicative translation（交际翻译）：Beware of the

5、 dog,Three Types of Texts,Expressive function,Informative Function,Vocative Function,Expressive is to do with the mind of the speaker,writer,the originator of the utterance which he used to express his feelings irrespective of any response.Expressive text types are imaginative literature authoritati

6、ve statements,autobiographies,essay and personal correspondence.,Informative is to do with the external situation,the facts of a topic including reported ideas or theories.Theyre considered with ay topic of konwledge and often have standard formats such as:textbooks,textbooks,technical reports,scien

7、tific papers or agenda of meeting.Informative texts convey information.,Vocative is to do with the readership,the addressee.The readership is called upon to act,think or to react in the way intended by the text.Typical types of vocative texts are:notices,publicity,propaganda,persuasive writing and a

8、dvertisement.,B.Compared with Eugene Nida,Eugene Nida,Peter Newmark,Translation is not a science,Translation is a science,Functional Translation,smantic andCommunicative Translation,Formal equivalence：我不是哈姆雷特。Dynamic equivalence：我不会犹豫。,I am no Hamlet.,Word for word translation“This is often demonstr

9、ated as interlinear translation,which the TL immediately below the SL words.The SL word-order is preserved and the words translated singly by their most common meanings,out of context.Cultural words are translated literally.The main use of word-for-word translation is either to understand the mechan

10、ics of the source language or as a pre-translation process.”,Literal translation“The SL grammatical constructions are converted to their nearest TL equivalents but the lexical words are again translated singly,out of context.As a pre-translation process,this indicates the problems to be solved.”,Fai

11、thful translation“A faithful translation attempts to reproduce the precise contextual meaning of the original within the constraints of the TL grammatical structures.It transfers cultural words and preserves the degree of grammatical and lexical abnormality(deviation from SL norms)in the translation

12、.It attempts to be completely faithful to the intentions and the text-realization of the SL writer.”,Semantic translation“Semantic translation differs from faithful translation only in as far as it must take more account of the aesthetic value that is,the beautiful and natural sounds of the SL text,

13、compromising on meaning where appropriate so that no assonance,word-play or repetition jars in the finished version.Further,it may translate less important cultural words by culturally neutral third or functional terms but not by cultural equivalents.The distinction between faithful and semantic tra

14、nslation is that the first is uncompromising and dogmatic,while the second is more flexible,admits the creative exception to 100%fidelity and allows for the translators intuitive empathy with the original.”,Adaptation“This is the freest form of translation.It is used mainly for plays,comedies and po

15、etry.The themes,characters,plots are usually preserved,the SL culture converted to the TL culture and the text rewritten.The deplorable practice of having a play or poem literally translated and the rewritten by an established dramatist or poet has produced many poor adaptations,but other adaptation

16、s have rescued period plays.”,Free translation“Free translation reproduces the matter without the manner,or the content without the form of the original.Usually it is a paraphrase much longer than the original,a so-called intralingual translation,often prolix and pretentious,and not translation at all.”,Idiomatic translation“Idiomatic translation reproduces the message of the original but tends to distort nuances of meaning by preferring colloquialisms and idioms where these do not exist in the