1、动词现在分词的变化规则动词现在分词的变化规则:般在动词末尾直接加 ing以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉 e,再加inghave - havi ng女口 : skate skatingride - ridi ngcome - comingmake - makingdance - dancingwrite - writ ing以重读闭音节结尾的动词,中间只有一个元音字母,词尾只有一个辅音字母,tie _ tyingdie - dying般现在时动词第三人称单数的变化规则1、一般情况下,动词后直接加 s, 女口: works,gets,reads 等。2、 以s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词
2、,在后面加 es,女口: goes,teaches,washes 等。3、 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,把y变为i,再加es,女口: study-studies,try-tries,carry-carries 等。4、 动词have遇在主语是第三人称单数时, have改为has,女口: He has an interesting book .5、 动词be遇有主语是第一人称单数时, be改为am遇有主语是第二人称时,be改为are,遇有主语是第三人称单数时, be改为is。一、动词第三人称单数的变化规则及发音规律动词原形变第三人称单数的规则与发音规律同名词单数变复数大致相同,请认真观察。1大多数
3、动词在词尾加“ S”在清辅音后发音为s,在浊辅音及元音后发音为 z。在t后读ts,在d后读dz,如:1stop stops s ; make makes s2read reads z ; play plays z2、以辅音字母加“ y”结尾的,要先将“ y”变为“ i ”,然后在加“ es”读iz女口:fly flies z ; carry carries zworriesstudy studies z; worry3、 以“ s, x, ch, sh ”结尾的,在词尾加es”,发音为iz女口:teach teaches iz; watch watches iz4、 以o”结尾的动词,加es”
4、,读z女口:go goes z do does z下面几个动词变为单数时,原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化,请注意记忆。 女口:1、 do du: does dz2、 say sei says sez以不发音字母“ e”结尾的开音节词,如果尾音是s , z时,加“ s ”后字母“ e”发音,与所加“ s”一起读做iz。女口:close closes iz二、对比词形变化中原词词尾变化之异同: 变“y”为“”现象 双写最后辅音字母现象例词: baby babies carry carries3study study ing(一)、不规则动词过去式和过去分词动词的过去式和过去分词是初中英语教学
5、中的重点, 而有些动词的不规则变化是这些重点中的难点,但这些不规则变化也不是毫无规律可循的。 现将初中英语中一些常用的不规则动词变化介绍如下。一、 原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词, 结尾字母一般是t或d。如:cut-cut-cut, hit-hit-hit, put-put-put, cost-cost-cost, let-let-let,shut-shut-shut, set-set-set, hurt-hurt-hurt, spread-spread-spread特殊:动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致, read-read-read ,但发音分别是ri:d-
6、red-red 。二、 有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的。如:come-came-come, become-became-become, run-ran-run,overcome-overcame-overcome三、 有些动词的过去式和过去分词相同。如:1.把单词结尾的字母 d改为t。如:len d-le nt-le nt, spe nd-spe nt-spe nt, sen d-se nt-se nt2.改变单词中间元音字母。如:sit-sat-sat, win-won-won, shin e-sh on e-sh one, hold-held-held3.以eep结尾的动词,把 eep改
7、为ept。如:keep-kept-kept, sleep-slept-slept, sweep-swept-swept4.过去式和过去分词都以 augh或ough结尾的动词。如:buy-bought-bought, fight-fought-fought, thin k-thought-thought,brin g-brought-brought, teach-taught-taught, catch-caught-caught5.有的以ay结尾的动词,在过去式和过去分词中把 ay变成aid。如:say-said-said, lay-laid-laid, pay-paid-paid6.另有一些
8、其它形式的变化。如:have-had-had, lear n-lear nt-lear nt, leave-left-left, lose-lost-lost,make-made-made, meet-met-met, feel-felt-felt四、 有些动词原形中含有字母 i,在过去式中变i为a,在过去分词中变i为u。如:五、 以字母ow或aw结尾的动词,在变成过去式时,通常把元音字母变成 e,在变成过去分词时,通常只在词尾加 n。如:blow- blew- blow n, draw-drew-draw n, grow-grew-grow n, throw-threw-throw n,kn
9、o w-k new-k nown六、 有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加 n或en,变成以en结尾的单词。如:rise-rose-rise n, give-gave-give n, take-took-take n, fall-fell-falle n, drive-drove-drive n, eat-ate-eate n特殊: write-wrote-writte n, speak-spoke-spoke n, ride-rode-ridde n.get-got-gotte n(二)、动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1)规则变化情况例词读音与说明
10、动词原形过去式过去分词一般在动词原形后加-edlook looked looked luktcall called called kC:ldope n ope ned ope ned 5EupE ndn eed n eeded n eeded n i:did1d-ed在清辅音音素后发音为t,在浊辅音后发音为d,在元音后发音也为2-ed在t、 d后发音为id3但fix的过去式和过去分词 x不双写,为fixed.以-e结尾的动词加-dmove moved moved mu:vdphone phoned phoned fEund hope hoped hoped hEupt以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,
11、变y为i,再加-edstudy studied studied 5stQdidcarry carried carried 5kAridtry tried tried traid以原音字母加y结尾的词,直接加-edplay played played pleidenjoy enjoyed enjoyed in 5dVCidstay stayed stayed steid末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,双写该辅音字母,再加 -edstop stopped stopped stCptpla n pla nned pla nned plA ndfit fitted fitted 5fitid以-r
12、音节结尾的词,双写 r字母, 再加-edprefer preferred preferred prlf:drefer referred referred ri5fE:2)不规则变化英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则,可分为五种情况。1动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形。cut (切),hit (打),cast (扔),hurt (伤害),put (放),let (让)shut (关),cost (花费),set (放),rid (清除),2.过去式与过去分词完全同形。例:原形过去式过去分词find (找到)pay (支付)leave (离开)lend (借出)meet (遇见)ke
13、ep (保持)lose (丢失)teach (教)sit (坐)lead (引导)win (赢)除)3.动词原形与过去分词同形例:原形过去式过去分词run (跑) 一ran runbecome (成为) became become4动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同。例:原形过去式过去分词give (给) gave givenfly (飞) 一flew flow ndrink (喝)一drank drunksee (看见) saw seengo (去) went goneknow (知道) knew knownwear (穿) 一wore wornspeak (说) spoke spoke
14、n5.过去式和过去分词有两种形式例:原形过去式过去分词burn (燃烧)-burned /burnt - burned /burnt learn (学习)-lear ned /lear nt -lear ned /lear ntsmell (闻)-smelled /smelt -smelled /smeltspell (拼写)-spelled /spelt - spelled /speltshine (照射)-shined /sho ne -sh ined /sho ne leap (跳)-leaped /leapt -leaped /leapt提示a.beat的过去式与原形同形:比:beat (打击)beat (过去式)beaten (过去分词)b.lie 有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同比:lie lied, lied (说谎)lay, lain (躺,位于)c.ha ng 有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同比: hang hanged, hanged (处绞刑)hung,hung(挂,吊)d.wel
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