1、专题53 Grammar Writing高一英语人教版必修4Unit 5 Theme parksGrammar:构词法在英语中,词的构成方法主要有三种:合成、转化和派生。一、合成合成词是由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词的构词方式(有的合成词写在一起,有的中间需加连字符,有的是分开写的两个)。合成词的词义可以根据各个组成部分的意思加以推断。构成合成词的几个词可以是词性相同的词,也可以是词性不同的词。高中阶段常见的合成形式有:合成名词notebook 笔记本 classroom 教室blackboard 黑板 teamwork 协力second language第二语言合成形容词lifelong
2、毕生的 secondhand 二手的manmade 人工的 widespread 广泛的合成动词underline 画线标出 whitewash 粉饰broadcast 广播 download 下载二、转化不增加任何成分,不改变词形,把一个单词由一种词性转化为另外一种词性的构词法叫转化法。高中阶段常见的转化形式有:名词动词button纽扣button扣上纽扣形容词动词correct正确的correct改正动词名词feed喂养feed一餐;一顿形容词名词native本地的native本地人副词动词up在上面up提高三、派生派生,是英语主要的构词法。这方法是借前缀或后缀之助,制造出派生词,主要有名
3、词、形容词和动词三种。前缀以否定前缀-im/-is等为主,使延伸出来的派生词变成反义词。(一)形容词加ly变为副词的规律:1. 一般情况加ly。realreally carefulcarefullypolitepolitely quickquickly2. (1)辅音字母加y结尾的,当y的发音为i时,变y为i,再加ly。angryangrily busybusilyheavyheavily(2)当y的发音为ai时,直接加ly。shyshyly drydryly3. (1)以辅音字母加le结尾的形容词变副词时,去掉e加y。probableprobably gentlegently(2)以元音字母
4、加le结尾时加ly。但wholewholly例外。solesolely4. 以元音字母加e结尾的形容词变副词,去掉e加ly。truetruly。【特别注意】有的名词加ly变为形容词,如:friendfriendly;lovelovely;monthmonthly。(二)动词/名词变形容词的后缀及例词:后缀例词ableacceptacceptable 可接受的comfortcomfortable 舒适的almusicmusical 音乐的originoriginal 最初的fulforgetforgetful 健忘的peacepeaceful 和平的iveeffecteffective 有效的,
5、生效的attractattractive 有吸引力的sometiretiresome 令人厌倦的troubletroublesome 麻烦的yhealthhealthy 健康的wealthwealthy 富裕的erneasteastern 东方的;向东的westwestern 西方的;向西的ishfoolfoolish 愚蠢的;可笑的selfselfish 自私的aryimagineimaginary 想象中的secondsecondary第二的;次要的(三)动词变名词的后缀及例词后缀例词anceenceperformperformance 表演;节目existexistence 存在;生存i
6、ontionitionationattractattraction 吸引introduceintroduction 介绍competecompetition 比赛;竞争expectexpectation 期待;期望ionsiondiscussdiscussion 讨论;辩论decidedecision 决定inghearhearing 听力,听觉beginbeginning 开始mentachieveachievement 功绩,成就argueargument 辩论,论据treattreatment 对待,治疗urefailfailure 失败,没做到departdeparture 离开,出发
7、;presspressure 压力yrecoverrecovery 恢复;痊愈discoverdiscovery 发现(四)形容词变名词的后缀及例词后缀例词ageshortshortage 不足;短缺cyfluentfluency 流利;流畅accurateaccuracy 准确性domfreefreedom 自由;自在wisewisdom 明智;智慧nesskindkindness 仁慈;好意carelesscarelessness 粗心大意thgrowgrowth 成长;发展strongstrength 力气;强项ytyityabilityibilitydifficultdifficult
8、y 困难cruelcruelty 残酷;残暴realreality 现实;真实disabledisability 无能;伤残responsibleresponsibility 责任(五)常表示人的后缀及例词后缀例词erteachteacher 老师villagevillager 村民strangestranger 陌生人arlieliar 说谎者begbeggar 乞丐eeemployemployee 受雇者;雇员interviewinterviewee 被面试者oractactor 男演员educateeducator 教育家;教师essactactress 女演员godgoddess 女神
9、hosthostess 女主人;女主持人eseChinaChinese 中国人JapanJapanese 日本人ianmusicmusician 音乐家historyhistorian 历史学家politicspolitician 政治家;政客istnovelnovelist 小说家specialspecialist 专家tourtourist 旅行者;观光者antserveservant 仆人participateparticipant 参加者assistassistant 助手;图书管理员(六)表示否定或相反意义的前缀、后缀及例词前/后缀例词前缀disagreedisagree 不同意ad
10、vantagedisadvantage 缺点illegalillegal 不合法的logicalillogical 不合逻辑的impoliteimpolite 无礼的patientimpatient 不耐烦的informalinformal 非正式的convenientinconvenient 不方便的irregularirregular 不规则的responsibleirresponsible 不负责任的misleadmislead 误导understandmisunderstand 误解nonnonsmoker 不吸烟者nonstop 直达的unusualunusual 不寻常的willi
11、ngunwilling 不愿意的后缀lesshopehopeless 绝望的endendless 没完没了的(七)构成动词的前缀、后缀及例词前/后缀例词前缀enableenable 使能够largeenlarge 扩大richenrich 使充实后缀enbroadbroaden (使)变宽;riperipen (使)成熟sharpsharpen 使尖锐;widewiden 加宽ifyclassclassify 把分类justjustify 证明正确simplesimplify 简化izeapologyapologize 道歉emphasisemphasize 强调1. This kind of
12、 modern machine is a _(new, invent)machine.2. He couldnt afford a completely new car, so he had to get a _(hand) one.3. She has ever spent three years staying in an _(English, speak) country, so her _(speak) English is very fluent.4. You should make sure that _(every) should attend the meeting on ti
13、me.5. The cleaner should _(clear) the heavy snow in the street to make the traffic smooth.6. Father looked at the result of his sons examination with _(satisfy). 7. We are all impressed with his _(brave)and _(devote). 8. Even though they are poor, their _(honest) and _ (optimistic)have left us a deep impression.9. _(music)from all over the world will attend this music feast.10. To tell the _(true), none of us will agree to the rule.【答案】1.newlyinvented 2.secondhand3.English
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