英语二阅读真题同源过关练习20篇 答案分解.docx

1、英语二阅读真题同源过关练习20篇 答案分解英语二阅读真题同源过关练习连载一答案：答案：BABDCLast month Sheryl Sandberg, chief operating officer at Facebook, published“Lean In”, a controversial manifest on why women have not ascended to the most senior positions at companies.第一题答案出处She concludes that it is partly womens own fault: they do not“

2、lean in”and ask for promotions, pipe up at meetings and insist on taking a seat at the table.Three new books will not have the same impact as“Lean In”, but they offer some interesting new perspectives on how women are coping at work, and what is holding them back. Some of it is down to simple miscom

3、munication.Barbara Annis and John Gray argue in“Work With Me”that men and women are biologically wired to think and react differently to situations, and have“gender blind spots”when it comes to understanding their co-workersbehavior.第二题答案出处Ms Annis, who leads workshops on gender for big companies an

4、d governments, and Mr Gray, author of“Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus”, a bestselling book in 1992 about relationship problems, have collaborated to produce an easy-to-read guide to workplace communications.Women ask more questions, gather more peoples opinions and seek collaboration with co

5、-workers more frequently than men. Men view these preferences as signs of weakness, and women, in turn, grow annoyed by how competitively men work, and how quickly and unilaterally they arrive at conclusions.If both female and male employees became more“gender intelligent”about how their work and be

6、havioral preferences are hard-wired, it would contribute to a more harmonious workforce.第三题答案出处Women have been choosing to leave companies at twice the rate of men, and more than half the women whom the authors met in workshops were considering leaving their firms. Women often tell their bosses that

7、 they are quitting for personal reasons,but the majority actually leave because they feel excluded from teams and not valued for their contributions. Yet the reality is that women often have trouble communicating with other women at work as well,第四题答案出处though the authors do not explain in quite as m

8、uch detail why this is so. Communication and gender equality are not just problems at large firms.Most people agree that more needs to change in the workplace. Men still occupy most top jobs, do not feel comfortable mentoring younger women and judge young men differently from young women. However, a

9、fter decades of women failing to gain equal representation in executive suites, it is notable how many books now focus on women altering their behavior, rather than men changing their way of doing things. Women cannot change their fate on their own.Isnt the responsibility for men to“lean in”to liste

10、n and advance women in the workforce?第五题答案出处全文翻译：上月，Facebook的首席营运官雪莉桑德伯格发表了颇受争议的新书跻身：女性、工作与领导意愿，讲述女性难以在公司担任高层职位的原因。在书中，桑德伯格女士总结说，这一部分是女性自身的问题：她们不愿“跻身”，不主动要求升职，不积极在公司会议上发言，甚至在开会时都不愿上桌。本文要介绍的三本新书虽然无法在影响上与跻身相媲美，但也为我们了解女性如何适应职场、是什么阻碍了她们晋升提供了一些有趣的新视角。有时这仅仅是因为简单的沟通障碍。芭芭拉安妮丝和约翰格雷在和我一起工作一书中说，男人和女人因为生理结构的差异而

11、注定对同一情况有不同的看法和反应，并且在理解异性同事的行为时，会存在“性别盲点”。安妮丝女士平时经常为大公司和政府机构主持关于性别问题的研习班，格雷先生则是男人来自火星，女人来自金星一书的作者，这本书出版于1992年，是一本讲述恋爱关系中存在的问题的畅销书。这样的两个人合作出一本关于职场沟通的简明指南，可谓是珠联璧合。和男性相比，女性通常更喜欢提问题，更多地寻求他人的意见，并且也更愿意与同事合作。这些特点在男性看来是软弱的标志，而女性同样也很讨厌男人工作时的好胜心，以及他们不征求别人意见、迅速作出自己单方面结论的作风。如果男女职员都能够更加明智地认识到性别对他们的工作和行为习惯的固定影响，或许

12、工作团队中的关系会更加和谐。女职员主动辞职的比率是男职员的两倍，本书作者在研习班里接触的女职员中也有一半以上都在考虑离开现在的公司。她们通常会对老板说，自己辞职是出于私人原因，但实际上，大部分人真正的理由是她们在团队中没有参与感，而且感到自己的贡献没有得到重视。其实还有另外一个现实的原因，女职员经常在工作中与其他女性也存在沟通问题，尽管这一点在本书中并没有详细阐述。沟通和性别平等不是只有大公司才存在的问题。大多数人都同意，职场确实还有很多需要改变的地方。男性仍然霸占了大多数的高层职位，不愿意指导年轻的女职员，并且在评价年轻的男女职员时采取双重标准。但是，在女性奋斗了几十年，仍然未能在主管办公室

13、打下半壁江山之后，我们应该注意到，现在的很多书只关注女性如何调整自己的行为，而不是男性怎样改变他们的行事风格。女性仅靠自己改变不了命运。难道男性不是也有责任要主动倾听女性的声音，帮助女性在职场进步吗?英语二阅读真题同源过关练习连载二答案：答案：DADBCOnce upon a time the overstressed executive bellowing orders into a telephone, cancelling meetings, staying late at the office and dying of a heart attack was a stereotype o

14、f modernity. That was before theWhitehallstudies, a series of investigations of British civil servants begun in the 1960s. These studies found that the truth is precisely the opposite.Those at the top of the pecking order actually have the least stressful and most healthy lives.第一题答案出处Cardiac arrest

15、-and, indeed, early death from any cause-is the prerogative of underlings.Such results have since been confirmed many times, both in human societies and in other primate species with strong social hierarchies. But whereas the pattern is well-understood, the biological mechanisms underlying it are no

16、t. A study just published in the Proceedings of theNationalAcademyof Sciences, however, sheds some light on the matter.In it, a group of researchers led by Jenny Tung and Yoav Gilad at theUniversityofChicagolooked at the effects of status on rhesus macaques. Experience has shown that these monkeys d

17、isplay the simian equivalent of theWhitehallstudies findings. The high risk of disease among those at the bottom of the heap in both cases suggests that biochemical responses to low status affect a creatures immune system. Those responses must, in turn, depend on changes in the way the creatures gen

18、es are expressed.To investigate this phenomenon means manipulating social hierarchies, but that would be hard (and probably unethical) if it were done to human beings.第二题答案出处You can, however, do it to monkeys, and the researchers did.Dr Tung and Dr Gilad took 49 middle-ranking female macaques and sp

19、lit them into groups of four or five.The researchers were able to control where in a group an individual ranked by the order in which it was introduced into its group (newly introduced monkeys almost always adopt a role subordinate to existing group members). The hierarchies thus established,第三题答案出处

20、the team conducted tests on cells in the monkeys blood, in an attempt to determine the effect of a macaques rank on her biochemistry and, in particular, on how rank influences the activity of various genes.As with any animal study, this one cannot simply bemapped straight ontohumans. But it does pro

21、vide pointers that researchers who work on people can use. In particular, the experiment ensured that social rank was the only factor being changed, providing strong evidence that the chain of causality runs from low social status, through a disrupted immune system to worse health, and not the other

22、 way around. The best medicine, then, is promotion. Prosper, and live long.全文翻译：曾今，人们对现代化的一个根深蒂固的印象是，领导们在巨大压力的折磨之下，对着电话狂吼，下达命令，取消会议，待在办公室到很晚，最后死于心脏病。可是，自二十世纪六十年代开始的英国白厅对英国政治家们展开的一系列调查之后，这种印象开始改变，因为调查发现事实却完全不是那么回事。实际上处于社会高层的人们承受的压力最小，生活最健康。心跳骤停而且，确实是，不管是出于什么原因的早死那都是做下属的才有的事。在人类社会，还有等级严格的其他的灵长类物种中，都已多

23、次验证这种结果的正确性。但是，虽然这种模式很容易理解，潜在的生物学机制却并不这么认为。杂志国家科学院最新出版的专题里，对此现象有相关阐述。专题里，詹妮东和要吉拉德领导的研究小组在芝加哥大学，研究地位之于恒河猴的影响。实验经过表明，这些猴子所表现出来的是英国白厅研究发现的猴子版本。社会地位低的患病风险高，这既适用于人类界也同样适用于猴子。这暗示了社会地位低的物种的生物化学反应影响其免疫系统。反过来，这种生物化学反应又取决于物种生物基因的变化方式。若要调查这种现象，那就意味着需要控制社会等级，在人类身上进行，很困难（而且很可能不道德）。但是，你可以在猴子身上做实验，而且研究人员也是这么做的。博士东

24、和吉拉德，用49个中等地位等级的女性猴子做实验，并把他们分为四到五组。根据猴子们加入研究群体的时间顺序，研究人员给她们的地位等级编号（新来的都是要听前辈的，这是潜规则）。等级于是得以建立。研究团队采集猴子血液做细胞研究，试图搞清楚恒河猴的地位等级对其生物化学的影响，特别是地位等级是如何对各种基因活动起作用的。不管以什么动物为研究对象，结果都不能直接简单地运用于人类，这个也不例外。但它确实给研究人类的学者们提供了一些建议。该实验的独特之处是，它确保了实验中社会等级是唯一发生改变的因素。它为因果关系链的正确模式提供了一个强有力的证据，正确模式是低等的社会等级通过被破坏了的免疫系统损害健康。而不是反

25、过来的顺序。晋升是疗效最好的药物。因为成功，所以活得长久。 英语二阅读真题同源过关练习连载三答案：答案：ADDBC“IS SIN original?”That is the question addressed by Shaul Shalvi, a psychologist at the University of Amsterdam, in a paper just published in Psychological Science. Dr Shalvi and his colleagues, Ori Eldar and Yoella Bereby-Meyer of Ben-Gurion

26、University in Israel, wanted to know if the impulse to cheat is something that grows or diminishes when the potential cheater has time for reflection on his actions.Is cheating, in other words, instinctive or calculating?第一题答案出处Appropriately, the researchersapparatus for their experiment was that ic

27、on of sinful activity, the gambling die.They wanted to find out whether people were more likely to lie about the result of a die roll when asked that result immediately, or when given time to think.第二题答案出处To carry out their experiment, Dr Shalvi, Dr Eldar and Dr Bereby-Meyer gave each of 76 voluntee

28、rs a six-sided die and a cup. Participants were told that a number of them, chosen at random, would earn ten shekels (about $2.50) for each pip of the numeral they rolled on the die. They were then instructed to shake their cups, check the outcome of the rolled die and remember this roll. Next, they

29、 were asked to roll the die two more times, to satisfy themselves that it was not loaded, and, that done, to enter the result of the first roll on a computer terminal. Half of the participants were told to complete this procedure within 20 seconds while the others were given no time limit.The resear

30、chers had no way of knowing what numbers participants actually rolled, of course. But they knew, statistically, that the average roll, if people reported honestly, should have been 3.5. This gave them a baseline from which to calculate participantshonesty. Those forced to enter their results within

31、20 seconds, the researchers found, reported a mean roll of 4.6. Those who were not under any time pressure reported a mean roll of 3.9. Both groups lied, then.But those who had had more time for reflection lied less.第三题答案出处A second experiment confirmed this result. A different bunch of volunteers we

32、re asked to roll the die just once. Again, half were put under time pressure and, since there were no additional rolls to make, the restriction was changed from 20 seconds to eight. The others were allowed to consider the matter for as long as they wished.The conclusion, therefore, at least in the matter of cheating at dice, is that sin is indeed original. Without time for reflection, people will default to the mode labeled“cheat”. Given such time, however, they will often do the right thing.If you want someone to be honest, then, do not pr