1、小学基础语法汇总完美版第一部分:基础知识1.字母:26个字母的大小写ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz2.语音:元音的发音五个元音字母:A E I O U12个单元音:前元音:i: /e/ 中元音:: 后元音:: : u : 双元音(8个) .合口双元音(5个)aieiauui .集中双元音(3个) i u3.词汇:词汇量,近反义词4.句子:大小写,标点符号第二部分:语法知识一.名词:名词单复数,名词的格(一)名词单复数1.一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-be
2、ds2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives5.不规则名词复数:(需背熟)man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-micechild-children, foot-
3、feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese不可数名词的复数就是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea(二)名词的格(1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格:a) 单数后加 s 如: Lucys ruler my fathers shirtb) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 如: his friends bagsc) 不以s 结尾的复数后加 s childrens shoesl并列名词中,如果把 s加在最后一个名词后,表示共有, 如:Tom and M
4、ikes car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车l要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加sToms and Mikes cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车(2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系:如:a picture of the classroom a map of China第二部分:语法知识二.冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类:(1)不定冠词:a / an a unit / an uncle元音开头的可数名词前用an :an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm
5、 clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /(2)定冠词:the the egg the plane2. 用法:定冠词的用法:(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk.(2)复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweat
6、er. The sweater is new.(3)谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys arent at school.(4)在序数词前: Johns birthday is February the second.(5)用于固定词组中: in the morning / afternoon / evening不用冠词的情况:(1)专有名词前:China is a big country.(2)名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:This is my baseball.(3)复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys cant
7、swim. They are teachers.(4)在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. Its Sunday.(5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.(6)球类 棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.* 但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well.(7)学科名称前:My favorite subject is music.(8)在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li.(9)固定词组中:a
8、t noon at night by bus第二部分:语法知识三、代词:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词 词类人称单复数主 格宾 格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称单 数Imemyminemyself复 数weusouroursourselves第二人称单 数youyouyouryoursyourself复 数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单 数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfititits无itself复 数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves形容词,副词:比较级,最高级(一)、形容词的比
9、较级1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。形容词比较级的构成:类别构成方法原级比较级单音节词和少数双音节词一般直接加-erlongtalllongertaller不发音的e结尾时加-rlatelargelaterlarger辅音字母加y结尾时把y变i,再加-ereasyhappyeasierhappier重读闭音节结尾并且只有一个辅音字母时,双写最后的辅音字母,再加-erBighotfat/thinbiggerhotterfatter/
10、thinner 单音节词和少数双音节词: 多音节词和部分双音节词:类别构成方法原级比较级多音节词和部分双音节词在原级前加morecarefulbeautifulmore carefulmore beautiful在原级前加lessimportantusefulless importantless useful 少数不规则变化: goodbetter badworse farfarther many/muchmore littleless 等(二)副词的比较级1.形容词与副词的区别(有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动)在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后副词在句子中最常见的是处于
11、实义动词之后2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化:well-better, far-farther)第二部分:语法知识四、数词:基数词、序数词(1)1-20one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen, sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty(2)21-99 先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。23twenty-three,34thirty-four,45fortyfive,56fifty-s
12、ix,67sixty-seven,78seventy-eight,89eighty-nine,91ninety-one(3)101999先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;586five hundred and eighty-six,803eight hundred and three(4)l,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand.第二个“,”前为million,第三个“,”前为billion1,001one thousand and one18,423eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-t
13、hree6,260,309six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine750,000,000,000seven hundred and fifty billion序数词(1)一般在基数词后加theg.fourfourth,thirteenthirteenth(2)不规则变化onefirst,twosecond,threethird,fivefifth,eighteighth,nineninth,twelvetwelfth(3)以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加thtwentytwentieth, fortyf
14、ortieth, ninetyninetieth(4)从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth基数词转为序数词的口诀:基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th.一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d.八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。ty将y变成i,th前面有个e.若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。第二部分:语法知识五、介词:常用介词:in, on, at, behind等1.at表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon
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