中山大学研究生英语期末考试题2培训讲学.docx

1、中山大学研究生英语期末考试题2培训讲学中山大学研究生英语期末考试题2Passage 1 One motivational analyst who became curious to know there had been such a great rise in impulse buying at supermarkets was James Vicary. He suspected that some special psychology must be going on inside the women as they shopped in supermarkets. His suspic

2、ion was that perhaps they underwent such an increase in tension when confronted with so many possibilities that they were forced into making quick purchases. He set out to find out if this was true. The best way to detect what was going on inside the shopper was through the use of a galvanometer or

3、lie detector. That obviously was impractical. The next best thing was to use a hidden motion-picture camera and record the eye-blink rate of the women as they shopped. How fast a person blinks his eyes is a pretty good index of his state of inner tension. The average person, according to Mr. Vicary,

4、 normally blinks his eyes about 32 times a minute. If he is tense, he blinks them more frequently; and, under extreme tension, he may blink up to 50 or 60 times. If he is notably relaxed, on the other hand, his eye-blink rate may drop to a subnormal twenty or less. Mr. Vicary set up his cameras and

5、started following the ladies as they entered the store. The results were startling, even to him. Their eye-blink rate, instead of going up to indicate mounting tension, went down and down, to a very subnormal fourteen blinks a minute. The ladies fell into what Mr. Vicary calls a hypnoidal trance, a

6、light kind of trance that, he explains, is the first stage of hypnosis. Mr. Vicary has decided that the main cause of the trance is that the supermarket is packed with products which in former years would have been items only kings and queens could have afforded and here in this fairyland they were

7、available to all. Mr. Vicary theorizes: “Just within this generation, anyone can be a king or queen and go through these stores where the products say buy me, buy me.”1 Vicarys curiosity was aroused by the fact that _.A. there was a decrease in sales in supermarketsB. women were showing strong resis

8、tance to products in supermarketsC. there seemed to be no logic in womens buying habitsD. women were shopping very carefully2 According to the article, eye-blink rate is an indication of _.A. the truth or falsity of a statementB. the mental ability of a personC. blood pressureD. the emotional state

9、of a person3 Mr. Vicarys test _.A. proved his original hypothesis to be trueB. proved that the tension of a woman shopper, after entering the store, decreased rather than increasedC. nullified the eye-blink rate as a measurement of tensionD. showed that a womans reaction to the products in a superma

10、rket is impossible to determine4 After his tests, Mr. Vicary concluded that _.A. shopping was apt to create serious nervous disordersB. a supermarket is a fantastic placeC. women are entranced by the many wonderful items available in supermarketsD. women develop an inferiority complex when in superm

11、arkets5 Implied but not stated: _.A. Quick purchases are the result of inner tensionB. The first stage of hypnosis is a light tranceC. Research conducted by motivation analysis can disprove their original premisesD. Supermarkets seeking a fairyland atmosphere should install hidden movie camerasPassa

12、ge 2 In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. A theory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists picture the way an observed event could be produced. A good example of this is found in the kinetic molecular theory, in which gases are picture

13、d as being made up of many small particles that are in constant motion. A useful theory, in addition to explaining past observations, helps to predict events that have not as yet been observed. After a theory has been publicized, scientists design experiments to test the theory. If observations conf

14、irm the scientists predictions, the theory is supported. If observations do not confirm the predictions, the scientists must search further. There may be a fault in the experiment, or the theory may have to be revised or rejected. Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as collect

15、ing information and performing experiments. Facts by themselves are not science. As the mathematician Jules Henri Poincare said: “Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks, but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house.

16、” Most scientists start an investigation by finding out what other scientists have learned about a particular problem. After known facts have been gathered, the scientist comes to the part of the investigation that requires considerable imagination. Possible solutions to the problem are formulated.

17、These possible solutions are called hypotheses. In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown. It extends the scientists thinking beyond the known facts. The scientist plans experiments, performs calculations, and makes observations to test hypotheses. For without hypotheses, further investiga

18、tion lacks purpose and direction. When hypotheses are confirmed, they are incorporated into theories.6 “Bricks” are mentioned in Paragraph 3 to indicate how _.A. mathematicians approach scienceB. building a house is like performing experimentsC. science is more than a collection of factsD. scientifi

19、c experiments have led to improved technology7 In the fourth paragraph, the author implies that imagination is most important to scientists when they _.A. evaluate previous work on a problemB. formulate possible solutions to a problemC. gather known factsD. close an investigation8 In the last paragr

20、aph, the author refers to hypothesis as “a leap into the unknown” in order to show that hypotheses _.A. are sometimes ill-conceivedB. can lead to dangerous resultsC. go beyond available factsD. require effort to formulate9 In the last paragraph, what does the author imply is a major function of hypo

21、theses?A. Sifting through known facts.B. Communicating a scientists thoughts to others.C. Providing direction for scientific research.D. Linking together different theories.10 Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?A. Theories are simply imaginary models of past events.B. It i

22、s better to revise a hypothesis than to reject it.C. A scientists most difficult task is testing hypotheses.D. A good scientist needs to be creative.Passage 3 For most of us, the work is the central, dominating fact of life. We spend more than half our conscious hours at work, preparing for work, tr

23、aveling to and from work. What we do there largely determines our standard of living and to a considerable extent the status we are accorded by our fellow citizens as well. It is sometimes said that because leisure has become more important the indignities and injustices of work can be pushed into a

24、 corner, that because most work is pretty intolerable, the people who do it should compensate for its boredom, frustrations and humiliations by concentrating their hopes on the other parts of their lives. I reject that as a counsel of despair. For the foreseeable future the material and psychologica

25、l rewards which work can provide, and the conditions in which work is done, will continue to play a vital part in determining the satisfaction that life can offer. Yet only a small minority can control the pace at which they work or the conditions in which their work is done; only for a small minori

26、ty does work offer scope for creativity, imagination, or initiative. Inequality at work and in work is still one of the cruelest and most glaring forms of inequality in our society. We cannot hope to solve the more obvious problems of industrial life, many of which arise directly or indirectly from

27、the frustrations created by inequality at work, unless we tackle it head-on. Still less can we hope to create a decent and humane society. The most glaring inequality is that between managers and the rest. For most managers, work is an opportunity and a challenge. Their jobs engage their interest an

28、d allow them to develop their abilities. They are constantly learning; they are able to exercise responsibility; they have a considerable degree of control over their own and others working lives. Most important of all, they have opportunity to initiate. By contrast, for most manual workers, and for

29、 a growing number of white-collar workers, work is a boring, dull, even painful experience. They spend all their working lives in conditions which would be regarded as intolerable - for themselves - by those who take the decisions which let such conditions continue. The majority have little control

30、over their work; it provides them with no opportunity for personal development. Often production is so designed that workers are simply part of the technology. In offices, many jobs are so routine that workers justifiably feel themselves to be mere cogs in the bureaucratic machine. As a direct conse

31、quence of their work experience, many workers feel alienated from their work and their firm, whether it is in public or in private ownership.11 In the writers opinion, people judge others by_.A. the type of work they doB. the place where they workC. the time they spend at workD. the amount of money

32、they earn12 According to the writer, in the future, work will _.A. matter less than it does nowB. be as important as it is nowC. be better paid than it is nowD. offer more satisfaction13 What does the writer think is needed to solve our industrial problems?A. A reduction in the number of strikesB. Equality in salariesC. A more equal distribution of responsibilityD. An improvement in moral standards14 What advan