写好英语演讲稿的三点.docx

1、写好英语演讲稿的三点如何写出精彩的英语演讲稿- 从乔布斯2005年斯坦福大学毕业演讲说起当今社会，交流沟通变得异常重要，而公共英语演讲就是其最常见和有效的手段之一。无论是在学习还是工作中，我们会越来越多地接触到公共英语演讲，小到课堂的presentation、工作中的团建，大到学术大会上的发言、总统竞选。那么，如何才能写出精彩的英语演讲稿呢？对于初学者来讲，怎么把握其写作的关键呢？下面，我将从大家熟知并广为推崇的乔布斯2005年斯坦福大学的毕业演讲稿为范本，给大家具体剖析精彩英语演讲稿的写作要点，以帮助大家进一步了解其基本写作要领和指导大家的写作实践。一、结构清楚，逻辑明晰由于公共演讲一般受众

2、为数十人甚至数百、数千人，再加上演讲环境的不确定性（比如：观众的欢呼，或者抱怨），最好在进入主题后马上给出所讲内容的逻辑框架，以便听众更好的预判整个演讲内容，有利于他们更好地跟随演讲者的思路，达到良好的演讲效果。比如，乔布斯在该次演讲中，开篇稍微寒暄开篇之后，就进入正题，“Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. Thats it. No big deal. Just three stories.”学生们马上能做出逻辑预判，我们今天会听到乔布斯谈三点，然后具体关注是哪三点，这种演讲就具备了“audience-centerednes

3、s”（以观众为中心）的特质。乔布斯在随后的演讲中明确提到，“The first story is about connecting the dots. My second story is about love and loss. My third story is about death.”由于这种明晰的思路，听众在听完之后也会记忆犹新，不会觉得头脑混乱，毫无所得。当然，演讲稿的逻辑安排有多种方式，乔布斯的这篇演讲是按照topical order（话题顺序）和chronological order（时间顺序）来安排的。除此之外, 还有 spatial order（空间顺序）, problem

4、-salutation order（提问解决顺序）等等。大家可以根据不同的演讲内容来安排自己演讲稿的逻辑顺序和结构。二、开篇出彩，结尾有道演讲稿的开篇和结尾往往需要花费大量的功夫去设计，这往往是精彩演讲的亮点所在。因此，在写作时，需要结合受众、场合和演讲内容等，争取一开始就紧紧抓住听众的注意力和兴趣所在，结尾时，尽量做到意味深长、启发思考。下面，我将给大家具体分析基本的开篇和结尾模式，供大家以后写作参考。开篇的目的是要吸引听众，乔布斯在该篇演讲稿中使用的是“relate the topic to the audience（关联话题与听众）的方式，这是一种比较有效的方法，人们一般对自己的事情都很

5、关注，和自己相关的事情也会格外留意，乔布斯在开篇说到，“I am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. I never graduated from college. Truth be told, I never graduated from college. This is the closest Ive ever gotten to a college graduation.”高度赞美斯坦福大学是最好的大学之一，就是在与听众发生关

6、联，让大家产生好感，当然老乔还用了适当的幽默，更好地融洽了与听众的关系，“简洁、有效”本就是乔布斯的演讲风格。除此之外，还有其他的一些开篇方式，我们也需要了解和掌握。 1. State the importance of your topic（指出演讲话题的重要性）。直接告诉听众，你的演讲重要在哪里。比如：今天要做的是一场“英语演讲的艺术”的演讲，那开始就直接指出，该演讲对于大家今后的学习工作将会有重大的帮助，甚至给出一些数据和实例，让听众明白不听这个演讲将会是我的损失。这样，听众就会很乐意投入到该次演讲中去。2. Startle the audience （使听众震惊）。例如：要做一场关于“

7、生活方式与疾病”的演讲，开篇就可以给出一组极具冲击力的数据，让听众看到生活方式的不健康将会是多么可怕的事情，这样的震惊使听众能够快速调整状态，投入到听演讲中去。3. Arouse the curiosity of the audience（引起听众的好奇心）4. Question the audience（向观众提问）。5. Begin with a quotation（以引用开篇）。6. Tell a story （以故事开篇）。这些基本开篇的方式被无数的演讲证明是实用而且有效的。结尾往往可以起到“画龙点睛”的作用，开篇正文再好，如果结尾过于平淡，整个演讲的精彩程度都会大打折扣。那么如何做到

8、“结尾有道”呢？首先，我们来看看乔布斯的这篇演讲稿，他的结尾比开篇更加出彩，采用的是“end with a quotation”，达到的效果是特别引人深思。他在结尾说道，“Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final is

9、sue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words: Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myse

10、lf. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.”他不仅在结尾引用这句“Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish”（求知若渴，虚怀若谷），而且重复三遍，强化听众的印象，这句话也被广泛传播，被誉为该篇演讲的“精髓”。在结尾时，可以用结束信号词让听众明白你要准备结尾了，不要让演讲结束得太突兀，比如，“In conclusion, Let me end my speech by saying., Id like to close my speech this

11、 way.等。具体的结尾方式很多，常见的有：1. Summarize your speech（总结演讲）。2. Make a dramatic statement（强有力的陈述），这个不同于引用他人之言，往往是演讲者自己的沉淀和呐喊，非常经典的演讲是Patrick Henrys legendary Liberty or Death oration. 他在结尾时说道，Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God!

12、I know not what course others may take; but as for mw, give me liberty, or give me death. 3. refer to the introduction（首尾呼应）。这是体现演讲内在统一的很经典的形式，值得借鉴。三、观点阐释，有效支撑毫无疑问，主体段的信息量最大，写作量也是最大，如何更清晰地阐释演讲者的观点，有效支撑分论点，是写作时应该把握的关键。在明晰了写作逻辑之后，就要围绕这些逻辑要点来展开论证。乔布斯在斯坦福大学的毕业演讲中，逻辑要点有三：1. The first story is about conne

13、cting the dots. 2. My second story is about love and loss. 3. My third story is about death. 他在阐释中主要运用了以下手段。首先，举例子。文中用了大量的例子来说明他怎么对待学习、工作和死亡，比如他说起自己决定辍学然后旁听有意思的课程，这些课当时对他没什么实质的帮助，但是十年后在当他设计第一款Macintosh 电脑的时候，这些东西全派上了用场，这个例子充分说明了他要讲的第一个要点- 串起生命中的点滴。在随后的文中，乔布斯大量地讲述了他事业生活中的例子，让听众感受到真实的力量和鼓舞。其次，引用。他除了在文

14、章最后用到了引用，文中也不乏引用的痕迹，比如在讲到死亡时，他引用了一句格言，“If you live each day as if it was your last, someday youll most certainly be right.”这句话能表明他对于死亡的态度。恰到好处的引用往往能使听众印象深刻。第三， 数据。在讲第二个故事-关于爱和失去时，乔布斯用到了一系列数据来支撑观点。他说自己是幸运的，因为，“Woz and I started Apple in my parents garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years

15、 Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees. We had just released our finest creation the Macintosh a year earlier, and I had just turned 30.”数据很直观，能让听众有直接的认识和理解。除了以上提到的主体段展开方式，还有一些常用的手段，比如：testimony（引证），可以用专家的观点增强演讲的信度，也可以用普通人的一手经验证明自己的观点。

16、另外，大家还需要了解的是，举例分为简短的例子，具体深入的例子和假想的例子；数据包括单一数据，组合数据等等。 如何才能更加有效掌握这些演讲写作的要点呢？我有三点建议：1.多看。多看一些演讲素材，比如名人演讲，演讲比赛优秀选手的演讲等，积累大量的一手素材，当然也有必要阅读关于英语公共演讲的书籍，本人非常推荐Stephen E. Lucas的演讲的艺术。2.多想。学会分析这些演讲之所以精彩的原因，可以从我上面讲的几点入手。3.多练。在有一定积淀和感觉之后，就要大量练习写作演讲稿，话题可以从日常学习和工作中选取，实用性要强，这样练起来更有兴趣和成就感。最后，大家要明白一点，好的公共演讲除了演讲稿要好，

17、还有别的很多因素绝不可忽视，比如：语言质量，肢体语言，视觉辅助，语音语调，临场反应，现场把控能力等，这些结合在一起才能最终让你成为一个优秀的公共演讲者。史蒂夫乔布斯(Steve Jobs)在斯坦福大学2005年毕业典礼上的演讲This is the text of the Commencement address by Steve Jobs, CEO of Apple Computer and of Pixar Animation Studios, delivered on June 12, 2005. I am honored to be with you today at your com

18、mencement from one of the finest universities in the world. Truth to be told, I never graduated from college. This is the closest Ive ever gotten to a college graduation. Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. Thats it. No big deal. Just three stories. The first story is about connecti

19、ng the dots.I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out?It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up

20、 for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a waiting li

21、st, got a call in the middle of the night asking: We have an unexpected baby boy; do you want him? They said: Of course. My biological mother later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoptio

22、n papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would someday go to college. This was the start in my life. And 17 years later I did go to college. But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents savings were

23、being spent on my college tuition. After six months, I couldnt see the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and

24、 trust that it would all work out OK. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didnt interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked far more interesting.It wasnt

25、all romantic. I didnt have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5¢ deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I stum

26、bled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example: Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand calligr

27、aphed. Because I had dropped out and didnt have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I learned about serif and san serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great.

28、It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science cant capture, and I found it fascinating. None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me. And we designed it

29、 all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. And since Windows just copied the Mac, its likely that no personal computer would have t

30、hem. If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. But it was very, very clear looking backwards

31、ten years later.Again, you cant connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever. This approach has never let me down, and it

32、would made all the difference.My second story is about love and loss.I was lucky I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz and I started Apple in my parents garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees. We had just released our finest creation the Macintosh a year earlier, and I had just turned 30. And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company w