人教新目标八年级英语上册全册知识点讲解归纳.docx

1、人教新目标八年级英语上册全册知识点讲解归纳人教新目标八年级英语上册全册知识点讲解归纳Unit 1anyone的用法Did you go with anyone?你和某个人一起去的吗?(P2)1.anyone是指人的复合不定代词,在句中可作主语或宾语,一般用在否定句或疑问句中。当它被形容词修饰时,形容词要位于其后。2.someone也是由-one构成的复合不定代词,someone意为“某人;有人”,通常用在肯定句中。例如:I dont know how to solve the problem.You can ask someone else for help.我不知道怎样解决这个问题。你可以向

2、别人求助。anywhere的用法Oh,did you go anywhere interesting?喔,你去了有趣的地方了吗?(P2)anywhere是由any和where构成的复合不定副词,通常用在否定句或疑问句中。当形容词修饰anywhere时,形容词要位于其后。由-where构成的不定副词somewhere 在某处anywhere 在任何地方nowhere 任何地方都不everywhere 到处;处处例如:I left my book somewhere near here.我把我的书落在附近某处了。few的用法We took quite a few photos there.我们在那

3、里拍了很多照片。(P2)few作形容词时,用来修饰可数名词,此时few作定语;few作代词时,可以作主语或宾语。辨析few,a few,little与a little词条意义用法few很少;几乎没有表示否定意义,修饰可数名词复数。a few几个;一些表示肯定意义,修饰可数名词复数。little很少;几乎没有表示否定意义,修饰不可数名词。a little一点;一些表示肯定意义,修饰不可数名词。例如:Tom has little money,but few students want to help him.汤姆几乎没有钱了,但是几乎没有学生想帮助他。something的用法Yes,I bough

4、t something for my father.是的,我给我爸爸买了一些东西。(P3)something是由some和thing构成的复合不定代词,通常用在肯定句中。当形容词修饰something,anything等复合不定代词时,形容词要位于其后。辨析something,anything,nothing与everythingsomething表示“某事;某物”,通常用在肯定句中,还可以用在表示请求或期望得到肯定回答的疑问句中。anything表示“任何事;任何物”,通常用在否定句或疑问句中,还可以用在条件状语从句中。nothing表示“没有什么”,是否定词,相当于“not.anythin

5、g”。everything表示“每件事;所有事;一切”。注意:当something,anything,nothing,everything作主语时,谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。例如:If something happens to you,Ill come to help you at once.假如你发生了什么事,我会立刻来帮助你。yourself的用法Why didnt you buy anyhing for yourself? 为什么不给你自己买点东西?(P3)1.yourself是反身代词,其本身不能单独作主语。2.常见的反身代词:第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myself我自己your

6、self你自己himself/herself/itself他/她/它自己复数ourselves我们自己yourselves你们自己themselves他/她/它们自己seem的用法Still no one seemed to be bored.似乎仍然没有人感到无聊。(P3)1.seem可用作系动词和不及物动词,意为“好像,似乎,看起来”,后接形容词作表语。例如:You seem very happy today.你今天好像很开心。2.seem后还可接名词、不定式和从句。常用句型:It seems/seemed (that).。例如:He seems a nice man.他好像是个不错的人。

7、I seem to have left my book at home.我好像把书落在家里了。It seems that they know what they are doing.他们好像知道自己在做什么。辨析seem与look(1)seem作系动词,意为“好像,似乎”,后面通常接形容词、名词、动词不定式和从句;look作系动词,意为“看起来好像,似乎”,后面通常接形容词、名词。例如:She seems to be honest.她似乎很诚实。He doesnt look his age.他看起来没有实际年龄那么大。(2)seem侧重于根据某种迹象做出的判断,不一定是真相;look侧重于视觉

8、感受。例如:He seems to know everything.他似乎什么都懂。He looked blue today.他今天看上去很忧郁。(3)seem和look都可以和介词like连用。例如:It seemed like a good idea at the time.当时那个主意好像不错。That book looks like an interesting book.那本书看上去有趣。difference的用法What a difference a day makes! 一天的差异是多么大呀!(P5)difference可以作可数名词,也可以作不可数名词。make a diffe

9、rence(to.)表示“(对)产生影响;(对)起作用”。同根词different adj.不同的;有区别的differently adv.不同地;有区别地difference n.差别;区别例如:Their hobbies are different from mine.他们的爱好与我的不同。enough的用法My father didnt bring enough money,so we.我的爸爸没有带足够的钱,所以我们(P5)enough作形容词时,既可修饰可数名词,又可修饰不可数名词,一般位于名词之前;enough作副词,修饰形容词或副词时,位于形容词或副词之后。Unit 2hardl

10、y的用法He hardly ever watches TV.他从来不看电视。(P11)1.hardly为频度副词,意为“几乎不”,表示否定意义,常与ever构成短语hardly ever,意为“几乎不”。2.常见的频度副词:频度副词含义同义表达always一直;总是all the timeusually通常/often经常/sometimes有时;不时at times/from time to timehardly ever几乎不;几乎没有seldomnever从不;从没有/例如:He is always active in class.他在课堂上总是很活跃。Mike usually uses

11、 his phone to take photos.迈克通常使用他的手机来拍照。maybe的用法I go to the movies maybe once a month.我大概一个月去看一次电影。(P11)maybe为副词,常用于句首,作状语。辨析maybe 与may be词条意义及用法例句maybe为副词,意为“也许”,同义词是perhaps,常用于句首,作状语。Maybe you are an English teacher.也许你是一位英语教师。may be意为“也许是”,为“情态动词+be动词”结构,在句中作谓语。You may be an English teacher.你也许是一

12、位英语教师。She may be in Class Five.她也许在五班。stay up的用法How often do they stay up late? 他们多久熬一次夜?(P11)stay up是“动词+副词”构成的短语,意为“熬夜”。与up相关的短语bring up抚养set up成立wake up吵醒 give up放弃look up查阅 grow up长大put up搭起;张贴 turn up开大;调高through的用法.but we think the best way to relax is through exercise.但是我们认为最好的放松方法就是锻炼。(P13)t

13、hrough意为“凭借,通过(方法或手段)”时,其后常接名词或动名词。辨析through与across1.两词均为介词,意为“穿过”。2.through指从空间内部穿过。3.across指从物体表面穿过。例如:The River Thames flows through London.泰晤士河流经伦敦。We walked across the street.我们步行穿过了街道。Unit 3quietly的用法Tina likes staying at home quietly.蒂娜喜欢安静地待在家。(P17)1.quietly是quiet的副词形式,quiet是形容词,意为“轻声的;轻柔的;安

14、静的”。2.-ly可以位于形容词之后,助其构成副词。符合该构词法的部分单词如下:形容词副词quick快速的quickly快速地slow缓慢的slowly缓慢地clear清晰的clearly清晰地sad难过的sadly难过地happy高兴的happily高兴地careful认真的carefully认真地win的用法Well,everyone wants to win.对啊,每个人都想赢。(P18)win意为“获胜,赢”,其过去式是won。辨析win与beatwin表示“赢得”,通常和match,competition,game,medal,prize等词搭配。beat表示“打败”,通常和表示人、

15、球队、对手等的词搭配。例如:He came first and won the race.他跑在最前面,赢得了这场比赛。They beat our team in the football match.在那场足球比赛中,他们打败了我们队。care的用法 I dont really care if my friends are the same as me or different.我真的不在乎我的朋友与我相同还是不同。 (P21)1.care作动词时,意为“在意;关心”,后跟宾语时,一般加介词about。care还可以作名词,意为“小心;照顾”。2.care的同根词:词条词性含义careful

16、adj.仔细的;小心的carefullyadv.仔细地;小心地carelessadj.粗心的;马虎的carelesslyadv.粗心地;马虎地reach的用法A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart.一个真正的朋友是在你需要时给你帮助,使你感动。 (P21)1.reach作不及物动词,表示“伸手去够某物”时,其后常跟介词for。2.reach表示“到达;抵达”时,和get to,arrive at/in同义。注意:此时reach是及物动词;get和arrive是不及物动词,其后接宾语时,须加相应的介词,即arrive

17、in/at和get to。in fact的用法In fact,shes funnier than anyone I know.事实上,她比我认识的任何人都更有意思。(P21)in fact是固定搭配,其中fact是名词,意为“事实;实情”。相当于actually。information的用法Call the English Study Center at 443-5667 for more information.欲知更多信息,拨打英语学习中心电话443-5667。(P24)information为不可数名词,表示“一条信息”用a piece of information,表示“两条信息”用t

18、wo pieces of information。Unit 4close的用法Its the closest to home.它离家最近。(P25)1.close作形容词时,不仅可以表示“(在空间、时间上)接近”,还可以表示关系很亲密。2.close还有如下词性和含义:adv.接近地They live quite close.他们住得很近。v.关闭;关上Please close the door and the windows.请把门和窗户关上。v.不营业;不开放The shops usually close at 5:30.那些商店通常5:30停止营业。close的延伸close adj.关

19、闭的;不营业的be close to 靠近;接近close down 关闭;倒闭例如:The museum is closed (to visitors) on Sundays.这家博物馆星期日(对游客)不开放。The company decided to close down its three branches in Europe.该公司决定关闭它在欧洲的三个分公司。worse的用法Its worse than Blue Moon.它比“蓝月亮”要更差。(P27)1.worst表示“最差的;最坏的;最糟的”时,它是形容词bad的最高级;worst表示“最差;最坏;最糟”时,它是副词badl

20、y的最高级。2.bad和badly的比较级是worse。worse作形容词时,意为“更差的;更坏的;更糟的”;作副词时,意为“更差;更坏;更糟”。例如:He is behaving worse than ever.I decided to talk with him and asked him to behave well.他表现得更差了,我决定和他谈谈,要他表现好点儿。service的用法It has the worst service.它的服务最差。(P27)1.service是不可数名词,意为“服务”。2.serve是动词,意为“服务;接待”。例如:Its the shop assist

21、ants job to serve the customers.为顾客服务是售货员的职责。I waited ten minutes in the shop before I was served.在店里等了十分钟才有人来招待我。creative的用法She should do something more creative.她应该做一些更有创造力的事。(P28)1.creative的动词形式为create,其名词形式为creativity。例如:Shakespeare created many comic characters.莎士比亚创作了很多喜剧人物。2.creative是由动词creat

22、e加-ive构成的形容词,与它结构类似的词还有active,意为“积极的”。make up的用法Some think that the lives of the performers are made up.有些人认为那些表演者的身世都是被编造出来的。(P29)1.make up表示“编造”时,宾语通常是story,lie,excuse等词。2.make up还有如下含义:组成;形成Six women and nine men make up the group.六名女士和九名男士组成了这个团队。打扮;化妆It took her more than an hour to make hersel

23、f up.她花了一个多小时才打扮好。Unit 5news的用法Do you plan to watch the news tonight? 你打算今晚看新闻吗?(P34)1.news是不可数名词,作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。2.若表示“一则新闻”,用a piece of news。例如:He reported a piece of news about a tornado.他报道了一则关于龙卷风的新闻。educational的用法Sally thinks talk shows are more educational than sitcoms.萨莉认为脱口秀比情景剧更有教育意义。(P34)

24、educational是多音节形容词,其比较级及最高级形式是在其前加more和most。同根词educate v.教育educator n.教育家education n.教育educational adj.教育的find out的用法Because I hope to find out whats going on around the world.因为我希望弄清世界各地正在发生的事。(P35)辨析find out,find与look for词条含义find out指通过调查、研究等方式查明事情的真相。find意为“找到;发现”,强调找的结果。look for强调寻找的过程。例如:Did th

25、ey find out where the old man lived?他们查明那位老人住在哪里了吗?Mr.Li looked for his lost keys everywhere.At last,he found them in the library.李老师到处找他丢失的钥匙。最后,他在图书馆里找到了。meaningless的用法I think soap opera is meaningless.我认为肥皂剧毫无意义。(P36)1.名词meaning(意思)+后缀-less(无,没有)meaningless(毫无意义的)。2.名词常加后缀-less构成表示否定含义的词,如homeles

26、s“无家可归的”,careless“粗心的,不认真的”,worthless“无价值的”,speechless“无言的,说不出话的”。successful的用法He became very rich and successful.他变得富有而且成功。(P37)successful是由success加后缀-ful构成的形容词。同根词success n.成功;成功的人/事successful adj.成功的successfully adv.成功地succeed v.成功take ones place的用法She dresses up like a boy and takes her fathers

27、place to fight in the army.她打扮得像个男孩一样并且代替她的父亲在军队里打仗。(P39)take ones place意为“取代;代替”,其中one为被取代者。该短语与take the place of sb.为同义表达。例如:No one can take Lucys place.=No one can take the place of Lucy.没有人能够取代露西的位置。Unit 6grow up的用法What do you want to be when you grow up? 你长大想当什么?(P41)grow up的主语可以是人,也可以是水果或庄稼等。g

28、row的过去式是grew,过去分词是grown。practice的用法Im going to practice basketball every day.我打算每天练习打篮球。(P41)1.practice作名词时,意为“练习;训练”,通常是指经常反复的练习。例如:Playing the piano well needs more practice.要弹好钢琴就需要多练习。2.practice作动词时,后常接动名词形式,即practice doing sth.“练习做某事”。例如:She is practicing singing the new song.她正在练习唱这首新歌。cook的用法

29、My cousin wants to be a cook.我的表弟想成为一名厨师。(P43)cook作名词时,意为“厨师”;作动词时,意为“烹饪;煮”,此时可以作及物动词,也可以作不及物动词。cooker是名词,意为“厨具”。例如:Im going to buy a gas cooker.我打算买一台燃气灶。violinist的用法This boy wants to be a violinist.这个男孩想成为一名小提琴手。(P42)violinist是由violin加职业类名词后缀-ist构成的。常见以-ist为后缀的词artist n.艺术家scientist n.科学家pianist n

30、.钢琴家violinist n.小提琴手keep on的用法Well,Im going to keep on writing stories,of course.嗯,我当然打算继续写故事。(P42)1.keep on意为“继续”,后接动词-ing形式。例如:Prices keep on increasing.价格继续上涨。2.常见的keep短语如下:keep up保持;继续;不低落;不落后keep up with赶得上;和保持联系keep in mind记住keep in touch保持联络keep out阻止进入keep away防范;不接近keep to oneself保守秘密;不交际keep working继续工作;永不停顿keep away from远离;回避keep healthy保持