1、广州版初一下教案Unit6period 3Period 3Objectives1 To analyze the two passages in READING (1) and READING (2)2 To talk about the uses of some important words and expressions3 To talk about some important sentence structuresPreparations1 SB 7B, pages 18 and 202 Photocopiable page 3Passage analysisReading (1)1.
2、 She was brushing her teeth and the tap was on. 她正在刷牙,水龙头开着。 本例中的on是个副词,表示已连接、处于工作状态或使用中(connected or operating; being used)。又如:The lights were all on. 所有的灯都亮着。The TV is always on in their house. 他们家的电视总是开着。We were without electricity for three hours but its on again now. 我们停电三小时了,不过现在又来电了。在本例中,on的反
3、义词为off,表示“未连接,未使用;处于关闭状态”。2. Water was pouring into the sink. 水哗哗地流进水槽。 pour有两个常见的用法: 表示“使(液体)连续流出;倾倒;倒出”。通常以人作主语,被倒液体为宾语,pour后常需跟一些介词或副词。如:Pour the sauce over the pasta. 把浆汁浇在面上。Although I poured it carefully, I still managed to spill some. 尽管我倒这东西很小心,但我还是洒了一些。 表示“涌流(出),倾泻(出)”。通常以表示液体的名词或代词作主语。如:Te
4、ars pour down her cheeks. 眼泪顺着他的面颊趟了下来。Thick black smoke was pouring out of the roof. 黑色浓烟从屋顶滚滚冒出。pour into在本例中意为“流入”,pour使用的是第2种用法。3. Turn that tap off, “把水龙头关掉,” turn sth. off是“关掉,截断(电流、煤气、水等)”的意思,反义词是turn on。我们还学过switch一词,switch on/off常用来表示电器、机器的开关,表示开关水和煤气等时一般不使用。4. Daisy froze. She looked round
5、, but saw no one. 黛茜愣住了,她环顾四周,什么人都没有。 freeze的过去式为froze,过去分词为frozen,在本例中,意为“愣住,吓住(stop moving suddenly)”。此外,我们还学习过:freeze作不及物动词,表示“结冰;凝固”的意思。如:It was so cold that everything froze. 天太冷了,一切都给冻住了。Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0. 温度降到0以下,水会结冰。freeze作及物动词,表示“冷冻,冰冻”的意思。如:We freeze the fis
6、h in order to keep them fresh for a long time. 将这些鱼冷冻是为了长期保鲜。 look round是“环顾;环视;四下察看”的意思,也可以说look around。又如:People came out of their houses and looked round. 人们从屋子里出来,四处察看。【注意】我们来复习一下常见的与look有关的词组:look at看,朝看 look after照料look back(与on,to连用)回想,记起 look down on轻视,看不起look for寻找 look forward to盼望,期待look
7、like看起来像 look on/upon看作 look out注意,当心 look out of朝外看look over翻阅,浏览 look round环视look through从头看完,透视 look up在书中查到,查阅(词典)look up and down上下打量5. Its not easy for me to get here. 我来这里可不容易。 在这个句子中,我们使用了“It is形容词for sb.动词不定式”的结构。此时,for后的代词是动词不定式的逻辑主语,it为形式主语。再请看下面的两个例子:Its important for us to study English
8、学英语对我们来说很重要。Its very kind of you to see me你能来看我真是太好了。上两个例句,都是代词作动词不定式的逻辑主语,但为什么一个由介词of引导,一个由介词for引导呢?这取决于介词前的形容词。 若“It is形容词of/forto do sth.”结构中的形容词是指不定式逻辑主语的特征、品质,形容词后的介词就用of;也可用不定式的逻辑主语试一试,符合逻辑就用of,如:It was foolish of you to go there. 你去那儿就太傻了。可用you are foolish一试,句子符合逻辑所以应用of。 若“It is形容词of/forto d
9、o sth.”结构中的形容词不是表示不定式逻辑主语的特征、品质,那么,形容词后用介词for,用逻辑主语还原,句子不合逻辑。例如:Its necessary for you to do morning exercises. 你每天做早操很有必要。用还原法:“You are necessary ”不符合逻辑。再如:Its important for you to tell me about that. 你把那件事告诉我很重要。不能说:You are important ,所以用for。6. 24 days ago, I was floating comfortably in a cloud in
10、Jiangxi, enjoying the view. 二十四天前,我正舒服地漂浮在江西上空的一朵云里看风景。 动词float意为“漂浮,浮动(stay on top of a liquid)”。如:Phillip, can you see something red floating in the distance on the water? 菲利浦,你看见在远处有个什么红色的东西漂浮在水上吗?A feather floated down on the wind. 一根羽毛随风飘落。 副词comfortably由形容词comfortable(舒服的,舒适的)派生而来,意为“安乐地,舒适地(w
11、ith no pain or worry)”。如:He sat comfortably in his armchair. 他舒服地坐在他那单人沙发上。【反义】uncomfortably adv. 不舒适地,困难地 名词view在本课中是“景色,风景(what you see from a certain place)”的意思。如:I have a very good view from the tower. 从塔上望出去,景色非常好。view作名词时,还有如下的意思: 视野;视线;观看;眼域The lake soon came into view. 那湖很快映入眼帘。The sun vanis
12、hed from view. 太阳看不见了。There was nobody in view. 一个人也看不见。 观点;意见;态度His views on the subjects were well known. 他对这个问题的看法众所周知。In my view it was a waste of time. 依我看,这是浪费时间。 enjoy the view意为“赏风景”。如:Foreigners like enjoying the night-views in Shanghai when they travel to China. 外国人到中国来就喜欢到上海来赏夜景。7. Then t
13、he cloud dropped me into a stream and I sped down the mountain into the Zhujiang River. 然后那朵云把我扔进了小溪里,我顺着山坡滑落到珠江里。 drop into 意为“把扔到”。如:Dont drop rubbish on the ground, you should drop it into the litter bin. 不能把垃圾扔在地上,你应该把垃圾扔到废物箱里。 speed在本课中作动词用,过去式和过去分词都是sped,意指“加快,飞跑(move quickly)”。如:The ambulance
14、 sped to the hospital. 救护车快速开往医院。He was arrested for speeding. 他因超速行车而被捕。【比较】speed与hurry和都行动快速的意思。speed指快速的运动或行动。如:The train sped through the countryside. 火车飞驰而过乡间。Postal workers labored overtime to speed delivery of the Christmas mail. 邮电工人加班加点以加速圣诞期间信件的发送。hurry意指比通常快得多的速度,经常伴随着混乱或骚动。如:If you dont
15、hurry, youll miss the plane. 如果你不迅速些,你将会错过班机了。Dont let anyone hurry you into making a decision youll regret later. 不要在任何人的催促下匆促做出你以后会为之后悔的决定。 speed down意为“快速下滑”。如:That young climber sped down the cliff into the valley. Lucky, he didnt lost his life. 那个年轻的登山者顺着悬崖跌至了山谷,所幸的是,他没有死。8. Well, the river car
16、ried me to a reservoir. 唔,顺着珠江我来到了水库。 carry to 意为“把带到”。如:Simon carried the suitcase to the Smiths. 西蒙把手提箱送到史密斯先生家。You neednt carry the luggage to your room, our removal will help you. 你不用把行李亲自搬到房间,我们的搬运工会帮你的。9. Then people cleaned me up. 这时人们就将我净化了。 clean up是“打扫(或清除)干净”的意思。如:He always expected other
17、 people to clean up after him. 他总是指望别人来打扫他弄脏的地方。Whos going to clean up the mess? 这么又脏又乱的,谁来清理啊?10. I was dirty after my journey so they took me to a water treatment works, and people added a few chemicals to me. 长途跋涉使我变脏了,所以人们把我带到自来水厂,并给我添加了一些化学物质。 名词journey意为“路程,旅程”。如:Its really a long journey from
18、 my home to school. 从我家到学校真是“漫漫征程”。journey的搭配主要有:a three days journey两天的路程 be (away) on the journey在旅行中(不在家) go/start/set out on a long journey出发作长途旅行 make/take a journey旅行【比较】journey,trip,voyage与tourjourney的应用范围较广,往往指那些“有预定地点的海陆空的单程长短途旅行”。如:He decided to make a journey to San Francisco by plane. 他决
19、定坐飞机去旧金山。trip一般为口语,指“任何方式的业务或游览的旅程”,往往侧重于“短途”,在口语中,经常可与journey互换。如:He went on a trip to the Summer Palace the day before yesterday. 他前天去游览了颐和园。voyage主要指“乘船做水上旅行”或“空中旅行”。如:Susan got seasick during the voyage. 苏姗在航行中晕船了。tour指“以游览、购物等为目的的旅行”,往往带有“回到出发点”的意思。如:Would you like to make a round-the-world tou
20、r in 80 days? 你想环游地球80天吗? a water treatment works是“水处理厂”,“自来水厂”的意思。 【比较】add与increase都有增加的意思,但使用时应注意区别。我们可以用这两个词来表示“增加”的意思。譬如,要翻译“我们的人口增加了100万”这句句子,可以用如下两种方法:(1)We have increased our population by 100 million.(2)We have added 100 million to our population.。显见,increase . by 和add . to有时可以互换。通常地,increas
21、e指的是数量、价值、力量等的增加,add则表示将某物增加到另一物之上,使之增加。如:My wages have increased this year. 我今年的工资增加了。The music added to our enjoyment. 音乐给我们增添了欢乐。 add to是“向中添加”的意思。如:Add some sugar to the mixture. 在混合物中加入一些糖。11. I waited there until you called me. 我在那儿等着,直到你叫我。 我们小结一下until的用法。 until意为up to the time that(直到的时候),如:
22、We walked until it got dark. 我们一直走到天黑了下来。 意为before(在之前),如:You cannot leave until your work is finished. 在你的工作被完成以前你不能离开。 意为to the point or extent that(直到的程度),如:I talked until I was hoarse. 我一直说到声音嘶哑。until前用的动词若为持续性动词,则使用肯定形式,如:We will stay in Canada until the end of next month.until前用的动词若为瞬间性动词,则使用n
23、ot until的结构,如:We will not come back until the end of next month.此外,until和till的意思是相同的,上述的用法也相同。它们的最大区别在于till不能用在开头。如:Until you finish your homework, dont think of going to the cinema. 除非你完成你的回家作业,否则别想去电影院。这句句子中是不可以用till的。12. Then Ill go to a sewage plant. People there will pump me into the river and
24、I will go back in the sea again. 接着我会进入污水处理厂。那儿的人们把我抽到河里,然后我会再次回到大海。 课文中的a sewage plant指的是“污水处理厂”。 pump into 意为“把抽吸到”,如:Push the button, the water in the toilet will be pumped into the drain. 按下这个键,马桶里的水就会被抽到管道里。13. Remember not to waste me or pollute me. 记住:不要浪费我,也不要污染我。 remember not to do sth是reme
25、mber to do sth的否定形式,意为“记得不要(去)做某事”。如:You must remember not to pollute the environment. 你必须记住,不能污染环境。一般地,动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not,即not to do sth.。又如:Jim told me not to wake up Kate. 吉姆告诉我别叫醒凯特。 我们在来回顾一下remember的用法:remember to do sth. 记住要做某事。如:Remember to post the letter for me. 记住给我邮这封信。remember doing
26、sth. 记得做过某事。如:I remember seeing him once. 我记得见过他一次。【注意】学个对话,记住remember。 Remember to invite Tom to your birthday party. I remembered inviting him this morning, but he was too busy to come. 记住邀请汤姆参加你的生日聚会。我记得今天上午邀请过他了,可他太忙不能来了。此外,我们还可以连带地记忆forget和stop的用法。stop的用法:stop to do sth. 停止下来,去做另一件事。如:We are ti
27、red. Lets stop to have a rest. 我们累了,我们停下来歇会儿吧。stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事。如:Stop talking, please. Lets sing an English song. said the teacher.“不要说话了,让我们唱支英文歌曲吧。”老师说。forget的用法:forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事。如: Dont forget to turn off the light when you leave. 你离开时不要忘记关灯。forget doing sth. 忘记已经做了某事。如: I forgot t
28、elling him about it. 我忘记了曾把这件事告诉过他。Reading (2)1. About 90% of all the drinkable water on Earth right now is underground. 目前,地球上大约90的可直接饮用的水都位于地下。 本例中的right now意为“目前,现在”,相当于at present。如:I am doing nothing right now. 我现在没做什么事情。 There is a TV show about AIDS on right now. 电视正在播放一个关于艾滋病的节目。 right now还可以
29、表示“立刻;马上”的意思,与immediately意思相近。如:Im sorry. I cant show you the slides right now because I lent my projector to my nephew. 我很抱歉,我现在不能马上把幻灯片给你看,因为我把放映机借给我侄子了。 Do it right now. 现在马上做。 2. If a leaky tap can fill up a coffee cup in 10 minutes, it will waste over 13,500 litres of water in a year. 如果一个滴水的龙头
30、可在10分钟灌满一个咖啡杯,那么一年它将能浪费13 500升的水。 fill up意为“装满;填充”。如:The canal would soon fill up with mud if not regularly dredged. 这条运河如果不经常疏浚,就会淤塞。 The driver asked the garage man to fill up his car. 那司机叫汽车库工人给他的车加油。 本例是一个由if引导的条件状语从句,if意为“如果”。在这样的句子中,if后所跟的是条件状语从句,用来陈述条件,而另一个分句称为主句,用来陈述条件成立时可能出现的结果。现将其用法简单总结如下:
31、if 条件句不一般,几个要点记心间;条件句,放在前,逗号要放句中间。条件句表可能,主句多用将来时;条件句表事实,主句常用现在时。在 if 引导的条件状语从句中,如果从句谈论的是一个有可能发生的事实及其产生的相关的结果,主句用一般将来时态,从句用一般现在时态。如:We can walk there if we cant find a bus. 如果没有公车可坐,我们就走路去那里。If it rains tomorrow, we will not goto the zoo. 如果明天下雨,我们就不去动物园了。What will youdo if youfind a panda in danger? 如果你碰到熊猫有危险,你会做些什么?如果 if 条件句谈论的是重复发生和预示要发生的情景和事件,则主从句大多用一般现在时态。如:If bears are in danger, they attack people. 如果受到威胁,它们就会攻击人。注意:在 if 引导的条件状语从句中,if
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