交换实验指导书.docx

1、交换实验指导书第一章 VLAN特性与配置实验 1-1 VLAN配置学习目的 掌握VLAN的配置方法 掌握Eth-trunk的配置方法 理解Hybrid接口类型的应用场景拓扑图图1-1 VLAN配置场景你是公司的网络管理员。现在公司网络是由二台交换机组成的以太网环境。图中路由器模拟网络中的计算机，R3是一台服务器。为了优化这个网络，需要你提升S1和S2相连链路的速度和可靠性。并且创建二个VLAN，以实现广播域的互相隔离。R2和R3处于相同的VLAN中。同时为了方便访问服务器，你应该让R1和R3能够正常通信。学习任务步骤一. 基础配置与IP编址给所有设备配置IP地址和掩码。system-view

2、Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.Huaweisysname R1R1interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1ip address 10.0.10.1 24system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.Huaweisysname R2R2interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1ip address 10.0.10.2 24sy

3、stem-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.Huaweisysname R3R3interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2ip address 10.0.10.3 24给交换机配置名称。system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.Huaweisysname S1system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.Hu

4、aweisysname S2步骤二. Eth-trunk链路聚合Eth-trunk可以将二条或多条链路捆绑成一条链路以提升链路带宽和可靠性。将S1和S2的G0/0/9和G0/0/10接口加入到同一个Eth-trunk组可以实现企业需求。创建Eth-trunk接口。S1interface Eth-Trunk 1S1-Eth-Trunk1S2interface Eth-Trunk 1S2-Eth-Trunk1配置Eth-trunk的工作模式为静态LACP模式。S1-Eth-Trunk1bpdu enable S1-Eth-Trunk1mode lacp-staticS2-Eth-Trunk1bpd

5、u enable S2-Eth-Trunk1mode lacp-static将S1和S2的G0/0/9和G0/0/10接口加入到Eth-trunk接口。S1interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/9S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/9eth-trunk 1S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/9quitS1interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/10S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/10eth-trunk 1S2interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/9S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9eth-t

6、runk 1S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9quitS2interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/10S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/10eth-trunk 1使用命令dispay eth-trunk查看配置情况。S1display eth-trunk 1Eth-Trunk1s state information is:Local:LAG ID: 1 WorkingMode: STATIC Preempt Delay: Disabled Hash arithmetic: According to SA-XOR-DA System Priority:

7、32768 System ID: 4c1f-cc45-aace Least Active-linknumber: 1 Max Active-linknumber: 8 Operate status: down Number Of Up Port In Trunk: 0 -ActorPortName Status PortType PortPri PortNo PortKey PortState WeightGigabitEthernet0/0/9 Selected 1GE 32768 9 305 10100010 1 GigabitEthernet0/0/10 Selected 1GE 327

8、68 10 305 10100010 1 Partner:-ActorPortName SysPri SystemID PortPri PortNo PortKey PortStateGigabitEthernet0/0/9 0 0000-0000-0000 0 0 0 10100011GigabitEthernet0/0/10 0 0000-0000-0000 0 0 0 10100011输出信息显示，此时链路运行模式为静态LACP模式，并且最大活动接口数阈值是8条链路。同时G0/0/9和G0/0/10接口都处于活动状态。使用命令更改活动接口数阈值。S1-Eth-Trunk1max acti

9、ve-linknumber 1S2-Eth-Trunk1max active-linknumber 1查看Eth-trunk链路配置情况。S1display eth-trunk 1Eth-Trunk1s state information is:Local:LAG ID: 1 WorkingMode: STATIC Preempt Delay: Disabled Hash arithmetic: According to SA-XOR-DA System Priority: 32768 System ID: 4c1f-cc45-aace Least Active-linknumber: 1 M

10、ax Active-linknumber: 1 Operate status: up Number Of Up Port In Trunk: 1 -ActorPortName Status PortType PortPri PortNo PortKey PortState WeightGigabitEthernet0/0/9 Selected 1GE 32768 9 305 10111100 1 GigabitEthernet0/0/10 Unselect 1GE 32768 10 305 10100000 1 Partner:-ActorPortName SysPri SystemID Po

11、rtPri PortNo PortKey PortStateGigabitEthernet0/0/9 32768 4c1f-cc45-aacc 32768 9 305 10111100GigabitEthernet0/0/10 32768 4c1f-cc45-aacc 32768 10 305 10100000从输出信息可以看到，G0/0/10接口状态改变为Unselect。实现了Eth-trunk聚合链路下一条链路传输数据，另一条链路备份的功能，提升了网络可靠性。通过关闭S1的G0/0/9接口验证备份链路功能。S1interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/9S1-Gigab

12、itEthernet0/0/9shutdown查看Eth-trunk链路信息。S1display eth-trunk 1Eth-Trunk1s state information is:Local:LAG ID: 1 WorkingMode: STATIC Preempt Delay: Disabled Hash arithmetic: According to SA-XOR-DA System Priority: 32768 System ID: 4c1f-cc45-aace Least Active-linknumber: 1 Max Active-linknumber: 1 Operat

13、e status: up Number Of Up Port In Trunk: 1 -ActorPortName Status PortType PortPri PortNo PortKey PortState WeightGigabitEthernet0/0/9 Unselect 1GE 32768 9 305 10100010 1 GigabitEthernet0/0/10 Selected 1GE 32768 10 305 10111100 1 Partner:-ActorPortName SysPri SystemID PortPri PortNo PortKey PortState

14、GigabitEthernet0/0/9 0 0000-0000-0000 0 0 0 10100011GigabitEthernet0/0/10 32768 4c1f-cc45-aacc 32768 10 305 10111100从输出信息看到Eth-trunk链路中G0/0/9已经变为Unselect状态，G0/0/10由Unselect状态自动转换为Selected状态继续传输数据。由此可知，实现了链路备份功能。步骤三. VLAN配置在S1和S2上创建二个VLAN用于隔离R1和R2、R3。并将S1和S2之间的Eth-trunk链路配置成Trunk模式，实现相同VLAN之间的通信。在S1和

15、S2上创建VLAN10、VLAN20。S1vlan batch 10 20S2vlan batch 10 20更改S1的G0/0/1和 G0/0/2接口为Access模式并加入到VLAN10S1interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1port link-type accessS1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1port default vlan 10S1interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2port link-type accessS1-Gigab

16、itEthernet0/0/2port default vlan 20更改S2的G0/0/3接口为Access模式并加入到VLAN20。S2interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/3S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3port link-type accessS2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3port default vlan 20将S1和S2的Eth-trunk接口配置成Trunk接口，Trunk接口默认只允许VLAN 1通过，所以配置允许VLAN10、VLAN20通过。S1interface Eth-Trunk 1S1-Eth-Trunk1port

17、 link-type trunkS1-Eth-Trunk1port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 20S2inter Eth-Trunk 1S2-Eth-Trunk1port link-type trunkS2-Eth-Trunk1port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 20使用display port vlan命令查看Trunk接口的状态S2display port vlan Port Link Type PVID Trunk VLAN List-GigabitEthernet0/0/1 hybrid 1 - GigabitEthernet0/0/2

18、access 1 - GigabitEthernet0/0/3 hybrid 20 - GigabitEthernet0/0/4 hybrid 1 - GigabitEthernet0/0/5 hybrid 1 - GigabitEthernet0/0/6 hybrid 1 - GigabitEthernet0/0/7 hybrid 1 - GigabitEthernet0/0/8 hybrid 1 - GigabitEthernet0/0/9 hybrid 0 - GigabitEthernet0/0/10 hybrid 0 - GigabitEthernet0/0/11 hybrid 1

19、- GigabitEthernet0/0/12 hybrid 1 - GigabitEthernet0/0/13 hybrid 1 - GigabitEthernet0/0/14 hybrid 1 - GigabitEthernet0/0/15 hybrid 1 - GigabitEthernet0/0/16 hybrid 1 - GigabitEthernet0/0/17 hybrid 1 - GigabitEthernet0/0/18 hybrid 1 - GigabitEthernet0/0/19 hybrid 1 - GigabitEthernet0/0/20 hybrid 1 - G

20、igabitEthernet0/0/21 hybrid 1 - GigabitEthernet0/0/22 hybrid 1 - GigabitEthernet0/0/23 hybrid 1 - GigabitEthernet0/0/24 hybrid 1 - Eth-Trunk1 trunk 1 1 10 20从输出信息看到Eth-trunk接口已经正确配置为Trunk接口并允许VLAN 10和VLAN 20通信。使用ping命令测试R2和R1、R3的连通性。R2ping -c 1 10.0.10.1 PING 10.0.10.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C t

21、o break Request time out - 10.0.10.1 ping statistics - 1 packet(s) transmitted 0 packet(s) received 100.00% packet lossR2ping -c 1 10.0.10.3 PING 10.0.10.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 10.0.10.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=3 ms - 10.0.10.3 ping statistics - 1 packet(s) tran

22、smitted 1 packet(s) received 0.00% packet lossround-trip min/avg/max = 3/3/3 ms测试结果表示，在通过Trunk链路连接的二个交换机上不同VLAN的计算机不能互相通信，相同VLAN的计算机能够互相通信。步骤四. 配置Hybrid接口Hybrid接口可以实现R1和R3之间二层模式下的通信。通过和Trunk接口的对比掌握Hybrid接口的配置和特性。配置一：S1和S2之间的连线为Trunk接口的情况更改S1的G0/0/1接口为Hybrid模式，并加入VLAN 10。同时配置实现发送VLAN 20的数据包时去掉VLAN标记的

23、功能。S1interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1port default vlan 1S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1port link-type hybridS1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1port hybrid pvid vlan 10S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1port hybrid tagged vlan 10S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1port hybrid untagged vlan 10 20更改S2的G0/0/3接口为Hybrid模式，并加入VL

24、AN 20。同时配置实现发送VLAN 10的数据包时去掉VLAN标记的功能。S2interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/3S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3port default vlan 1S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3port link-type hybridS2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3port hybrid pvid vlan 20S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3port hybrid untagged vlan 10 20使用命令display vlan、display port vlan命令查看接口情况

25、。S1display vlan 20* : management-vlan-VLAN ID Type Status MAC Learning Broadcast/Multicast/Unicast Property -20 common enable enable forward forward forward default -Untagged Port: GigabitEthernet0/0/1 GigabitEthernet0/0/2 -Tagged Port: Eth-Trunk1 -Interface Physical Eth-Trunk1 UP GigabitEthernet0/0

26、/1 UP GigabitEthernet0/0/2 UP S1dis S1display port vlanPort Link Type PVID Trunk VLAN List-GigabitEthernet0/0/1 hybrid 10 - GigabitEthernet0/0/2 access 20 - GigabitEthernet0/0/3 hybrid 1 - GigabitEthernet0/0/4 hybrid 1 - GigabitEthernet0/0/5 hybrid 1 - GigabitEthernet0/0/6 hybrid 1 - GigabitEthernet

27、0/0/7 hybrid 1 - GigabitEthernet0/0/8 hybrid 1 - GigabitEthernet0/0/9 hybrid 0 - GigabitEthernet0/0/10 hybrid 0 - GigabitEthernet0/0/11 hybrid 1 - GigabitEthernet0/0/12 hybrid 1 - GigabitEthernet0/0/13 hybrid 1 - GigabitEthernet0/0/14 hybrid 1 - GigabitEthernet0/0/15 hybrid 1 - GigabitEthernet0/0/16

28、 hybrid 1 - GigabitEthernet0/0/17 hybrid 1 - GigabitEthernet0/0/18 hybrid 1 - GigabitEthernet0/0/19 hybrid 1 - GigabitEthernet0/0/20 hybrid 1 - GigabitEthernet0/0/21 hybrid 1 - GigabitEthernet0/0/22 hybrid 1 - GigabitEthernet0/0/23 hybrid 1 - GigabitEthernet0/0/24 hybrid 1 - Eth-Trunk1 trunk 1 1 10 20 S2display vlan 10 * : management-vlan-VLAN ID Type Status MAC Learning Broadcast/Multicast/Unicast Property