导学案 Microsoft Word 文档.docx

1、导学案 Microsoft Word 文档定语从句（ 一 ）. 基本概念1 什么叫定语从句？在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，它的作用相当于形容词。 A plane is a machine that can fly. A couch potato is a person who spends lots of time watching TV. A zoo is a place where you can see all kinds of animals . A fat cat is a man who is very rich in a big city. I dont beli

2、eve the news which he told me . -Why didnt you answer my phone last night ? -Oh, that was the time when I was taking a bath.The reason why he was late for class was that he overslept. Id like a room whose window looks out over the sea.2.什么叫先行词？被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。3.什么叫关系词？ 它们的分类？ 它们的功能是什么？连接先行词和定语从句的词

3、叫关系词。关系词分关系代词和关系副词。关系词有三大功能： 指代先行词 引导定语从句 在定语从句中充当某一成分先行词若在从句中充当主语，宾语或表语，则用关系代词引导； 若在从句中充当状语，则用关系副词引导。4. 定语从句的位置：往往直接位于先行词的后面。有时先行词和定语从句间有某些成分，这是由于句子结构的需要5引导定语从句的关系词分为两类 关系代词 ：that ，which ,whose(指代物)； who ,whom whose (指代人) as / which (引导非限制性定语从句) 关系副词 ：when , where , why.关系代词：A.找出下列复合句中的主句，定语从句， 先行词

4、 ， 关系代词，关系代词指代什么? 在定语从句中充当什么成分？ 并译成中文。 The film which we saw last night was wonderful. A plane is a machine that can fly. The girl who won the first prize is my sister . The person whom they wanted to visit is a millionaire. The book that he bought last week is very interesting .Yesterday we went to

5、 the school that you visited last month. I know a lady whose husband is a writer. The dictionary whose cover is red is mine.注意点：各个关系代词的用法关系词指代人，物在定语从句中充当的成分that人，物主，宾，表which物主，宾who人主，宾，表whom人宾，表whose人，物定（的）as人，物主，宾，表 如果关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语或表语，可以省略B用关系代词who , whom, that , which, whose 填空 The earthquake _sh

6、ook the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history. The house _is built on sand may fall down in an earthquake . A clock is a machine _tells people the time . Luckily , none of the people _I know were killed . The boy _father is a teacher is very clever. Thats the child _drawing we looked at j

7、ust now . She is not the same lady _we met in the clothes shop yesterday . Do you believe such stories _our teacher told us just now ?C 选择题 We visited the factory _ makes toys for children. A. where B. whichC. in which D. at which Ill never forget the place _ I visited ten years ago . A. whereB. tha

8、tC. in which D. what The film _ last night was wonderful.(多选) A. which we saw B. that we saw C. which was shown D. that was shown The girl _ you met just now is very interesting. (多选) A. whichB. thatC. whomD. who There is a mountain _ top is always covered with snow . A. of thatB. whoseC. its D. tha

9、t The car ran over a dog and a boy _ were just crossing the street. A. who B. whom C. that D. which The student _ is a three-good student . (多选) A. whose parents died B. who you met C. whom you met D. who we were talking about I want to see and thank the woman _ helped me . (多选) A. who B. that C. wh

10、ich D. whose sonD. 把两个简单句合并成一个定语从句eg. Do you like the bike ? My uncle gave it to me . Do you like the bike which my uncle gave it to me ? ( ) Do you like the bike which my uncle gave to me ? ( )注意： 两个简单句合并为定语从句时，先行词不可重复出现The girl is not here . She is going to sing a song .The man is rich. He is work

11、ing in the factory .The school is a big one . The school stands near the river.Have you answered the letter ? You got the letter two weeks ago .The boy student is very young . He won the game .Hell meet his daughter . He hasnt seen her for years .My uncle bought the bike last week . The bike has bee

12、n stolen.How is the man ? You saw him yesterday afternoon.Dont buy any of the vegetables . They sell them in the market . The pen is very old . I lent it to you this morning .The house is very old . Its windows face south.The girl works very hard . Her father is a doctor .E. Translation 你们想见的那个学生已经来

13、了。 这是一本人人感兴趣的书。 鸟是一种能飞的动物。 我上周买的那支钢笔很便宜。 封面是红色的那本字典是我的。 她就是上次英语演讲比赛中获一等奖的那个女孩。定语从句（ 二 ）定语从句中关系代词使用的注意点：that 指物时，一般都可以和which 互换使用。 但在下列情况下，只用关系代词that1.当先行词是不定代词，如 something, anything, everything, nothing, little, few, much, all , the one , 后面的关系代词只能用that. I have never taken anything that is hers .I t

14、old him all that I know . He gave her everything that he had . Is there anything that I can do for you ? There is not much that can be done .2. 先行词被every, any , no, all, just, the only, the very 等修饰时只能用that . I have read all the books that you gave me . You can take any book that you like. Every dic

15、tionary that our library bought is good .This is the very book (that) I want to buy . Rose is the only flower that I like .3. 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时只能用that .This is the funniest story that I have ever heard.The first class that he gave was very interesting.The first place that I want to visit is Tian An

16、 Men Square.4.先行词既有人又有物时，只能用that .They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.5.当主句是以who 或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时，只能用that, 以避免重复。Who is the boy that was here just now ?Which is the book that you bought last week ?6. 当先行词在定语从句中作表语时， 只能用 that .The village is no longer the one that it

17、 used to be .当who与 that 都指代人时，只用who而不用that的情况1当先行词是anyone, one, ones，all,(指人时) All who heard the news were excited. Anyone who breaks the rule will be punished.2. 当先行词为those,people时，多用who Those who want to go please put up your hands. People who can see sometimes act just as foolishly.3.在非限制性定语从句中须用

18、whoToms father , who is over sixty , still works hard .4.在被分隔的定语从句中须用whoA new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.5.在以there be开头的句子中多用whoThere is a stranger who wants to see our headmaster.6.一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词是that,另一个须用 whoThe student who was praised at the meeting is the monit

19、or that is very modest and studies very hard. which 引导的定语从句which 在从句中作主语或谓语动词或介词的宾语，可指代主句整个概念，也可指代单个先行词 This is the book which you want.The building which stands near the river is our school.The room in which there is a machine is workshop. She married again, which was unexpected.which 可以引导(非)限制性定语从

20、句，可位于句中（尾），不能位于句首 只能用关系代词which 而不用that 的情况：1. 介词后面的关系代词若指代物，则只用which . Do you still remember the house in which we used to play ? The pen with which I wrote this article is missing.2引导非限制性定语从句时，又指代物时只能用which3. 先行词本身是 that 时 That which you borrowed from me wasnt a real diamond necklace.4先行词指人的“性质，身份”

21、而不是人时 She is dressed in white like a nurse, which she is not. He looked like an honest man, which he was. whose 引导定语从句应注意以下几点：1.whose 引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语 （误） Thats the child whose we looked at drawing just now.（正） Thats the child whose drawing we looked at just now.2. whose 引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物

22、 Mr King, whose legs were badly hurt , was quickly taken to hospital. It was a meeting whose importance I didnt realize at the time. I saw some trees whose leaves were black with disease.3. whose 在定语从句中与它所修饰的名词一起作介词宾语，可以与介词放在先行词与从句之间 The boss in whose department Mr King worked had heard about the ac

23、cident. Tom, on whose bike I went to school is a friend of mine.4. whose 的先行词指物时，可用 of which 代替 whose , 但词序不同， 即 whose 名词 the 名词of which The novels whose title is Red and Black is very interesting.(the title of which) He lives in the room whose window faces south.(the window of which)Exercises:That

24、is the only book _ he has borrowed from the library this term.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. what This is the museum _ theyll visit tomorrow. A. in whichB. whereC. /D. when The factory _ owner is from Shanghai is very big. A. whichB. whereC. whoseD. of which All _ is needed is plenty of time. A. the thing

25、B. thatC. whatD. which He is the student _ handwriting is the best in our class. A. who B. whom C. whose D. that Everything _ we saw in the Palace Museum is very beautiful. A. that B. which C. / D. A and C Is there anything _ you want to say ? A. which B. that C. who D. what The last place _ _ we vi

26、sited was the Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. it Finally the thief handed over everything _ he had stolen. A. that B. which C. whatever D.all This is the very book _ I want to borrow. A. that B. which C. / D. A and C Is there anything _ I can do for you?A. that B. which C. / D. A and C He i

27、s the only person _ I want to see. A. that B. who C. / D. all above There is not much _ can be done. A. that B. which C. / D. A and C You can take any seat _ is free. A. which B. where C. that D. in which That is the worst film _ Ive ever seen. A. that B. / C. whose D. A and B定语从句 ( 三 ).关系副词when, where, why 引导的定语从句 关系副词在定语从句中只能充当状语。当修饰一个表示时间的名词时， 常用关系副词 when在定语从句中充当时间状语；当修饰一个表示地点的名词时，常用关系副词where在定语从句中充当地点状语；当修饰表示原因的名词时，常用关系副词why,在定语从句中充当原因状语。 关系副词在句中一般不能省略。1I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.2Ill never forget the time when we worked o