定语从句被动语态专题复习.docx

1、定语从句被动语态专题复习定语从句专题复习定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名 词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由 关系词（关系代词或关 系副词）引出。关系代词有：who, whom, whose（般指人）,that （指人或物）,which（指物）等。 关系副词有： when （时间），where（地点）,why （原因）等。（1） 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词， 并在句中充当主语、 宾语、定语等成 分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1

2、who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/thatwants to seeyou?他就是你想见的人吗？（ who / that在从句中作主语）He is the man （whom/ that） I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/who/that在从句中作saw的宾语,可以省略）2whose 用来指人或物， （只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同 of which 互换），例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had brok

3、en down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。Please pass me the book whose/of which cover圭寸面）is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。3which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如： Rosa likes music that/which is quite and gentle（. which / that 在句中作宾语）This is the book （that/which） Im looking for. （ which / that 在句中作 look for 的宾语）（2） 关系副词引导

4、的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。1when, where, why关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which ”结构交替使用，例如：Do you remember the daywhen I saw you?（你还记得我见到你的那一天吗？） Beijing is the place where （in which ） I was born. 北京是我的出生地。Is this the reasonwhy（for which） he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮

5、助他的理由吗？2that代替关系副词that 可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代 when, where, why 和“介词 + which ”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：His father died the year（ that / when / in which） he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了He is unlikely to find the place（ that / where / in which） he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。（3）判断关系代词与关系副词方法一： 用

6、关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无 宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。 例如： This is the mountain village where I stayedlast year.Ill never forget the daywshen I worked together with you. 判断改错（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countr

7、yside.（对） This is the mountain village（which）I visited last year.（对） Ill never forget the days（which ）I spentin the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where，when 联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状） ，也能正确选择 出关系代词 /关系副词。例 1： Is this museum you visited a few days age?A. where B. that C. o

8、n which D. the one例 2： Is this the museum the exhibition was held.A. where B. that C. on which D. the one答案： 例 1 D ；例 2 A 例 1 变为肯定句：This museum is you visited a few days ago.例 2 变为肯定句：This is the museum the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而 where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语

9、，可以省略关系代词，所以应选 D。而句2中，主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词 where，又因 in the museum 词组，可用介词 in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词 on 用的不 对，所以选 A。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系 代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）;先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 （where 地点状语， when 时间状语， why 原因状语）。（ 4）介词 +关系词1介词后面的关系词不能省略。2that前不能有介词。3某些在从句中充当时间，地点

10、或原因状语的“介词 + 关系词”结构可以同关系副词when 和 where 互换。This is the housein which I lived two years ago.This is the housewhere I lived two years ago.Do you remember the dayon which you joined our club?Do you remember the daywhen you joined our club? （7）关系代词 that 的用法 不用 that 的情况a.在引导非限定性定语从句时。The tree, which （不能用 t

11、hat） is four hundred years old, is very famous here.b.介词后不能用。We depend on the landfrom which （不能用 that） we get our food. 只能用 that 作为定语从句的关系代词的情况a.在不定代词，如： anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little 等作先行词时， 只用that,不用which。b.先行词有 the only, the very , the last, the same等修饰时修饰时，只用 that。c.先行

12、词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用 that。d.先行词既有人，又有物时。举例：All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。 （a） Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. （a） 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。1.This is the bag my mother bought yesterday.A. that B. who C. whom D. this2.Is this the factory a lot of studen

13、ts visited yesterday?A. the one B. which C. who D. whom3.Is this the shop se l l s children s clothing?A. which B. where C. in which D. what4.The hotel d u ri n g our holidays stands by the seaside.A. we stayed at B. where we stayed atC. we stayedD. in that we stayed5.Please show me the book you bou

14、ght yesterday.A. which B. whom C. whose D. this6.The man n ext to us is my English teacher.A. whom live B. which live C. who lives D. /7.The girl a n English song in the next room is Tom s sister.A. who is singing B. is singing C. sang D. was singing8.I ll never forgethe years I lived in the country

15、 with the farmers has agreat effect on my life.A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; who9.I ll remembethr e time wespenttogether in the country.A. that B. when C. during which D. at which10.I don beliteve the reason he hasgiven for his being late.A. why B. that C. how D. what11.Will

16、you please show me the way to the only tall building stands near the postoffice.A. / B. in which C. that D. where12.The last place we visited was the Great Wall .A. which B. that C. where D. it13.He talked happily aboutthe men and books interested him greatly in the school.A. which B. that C. who D.

17、 when14.There is no dictionary you can find everything.A. that B. which C. where D. in that将下列两个简单句合并成带定语从句的复合句1.The bridge has been rebuilt now. It was built in 1959.2.She is going to the town. I do not know the town.3.He did not attend the meeting. He told me the reason.4.The train started at 4:50

18、 p.m. I missed it.5.The medicine was quite helpful. Dr. Li gave him it.6.The nurse is very kind. She looks after my little brother.7.The play was very interesting. We saw it the night before.8.The plane was late. It was going to Tibet.9.The student studies very hard. Her father is a worker.10.He is

19、the most careful boy. I know him.11.The necklace is worth more than five hundred dollars. Polly stole it.12.The man is in the next room. He brought us the letter yesterday.13.We met the woman at the gate. Do you know her14.Cheese is made from milk. It is liked by people in western countries.15.The l

20、ady is our English teacher. You saw her just now.被动语态一、被动语态概述语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两 种：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者， 被动语态表示主语是动 作的承受者。 被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式， 一般说来， 只有需要动作对象的及物动 词才有被动语态。汉语往往用 被、受 、 给等词来表示被动意义。如：He ope ned the doo他打开了这扇门。（主动语态）The door was ope nec这扇门被打开了。（被动语态）二、被动语态的构成被动语态由助动词be+

21、及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变 be 的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。1、被动语态的时态较常见的八种，现以动词 clean为例列表说明：形态现在过去将来一股raniis cleanedarewas cleanedwere/will be cleaned I Shan进行r am1 is being cleaned.arebang cleanedwererhave teen cleanedhad been cleanedwill have been cleaned Uhall2、被动语态的句式变化：以一般现在时和动词invite为例，列表说明被动语态的句式

22、变化:肯定句否定句I am invited.1 am not invited.He/Sh占It is invitedHe/She/It is not invitedWe/You/They are invited.Wc/You/They are not invited.疑问句简略回答肯定回答否定回答Am 1 invited?Yes, you areNo, you arent門Jhe|Is J she L invited?sher is.No, Jshea 也 if Ilit JItLitAre you invited?Tf-二1 am,we areNo, |TairL 口Dt. arent.Ar

23、e we invited?L they Jwe/yoii are.-they JNo, Jwe/Ltherou iti.已1L.y3、含有情态动词的被动语态情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词 +be+过去分词；其时态及句型的变化仅由情 态动词完成，be+过去分词部分不变。如：Tables can be made of ston桌子可由石头制造。Tables could be made of sto ne at that time那时桌子可由石头制造。 （一般过去时）Can tables be made of sto ne?桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句）、主动语态变为被动语态 转换图示：主动句：

24、They a tree.*被动句：A treewas plantedby them宾语变主唐bb过去分词主语变为by*1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤：(1)将主动句的宾语变为主语：注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如：Tom killed him. f He was killed by Tom.(2)将动词改为be+过去分词。They held a meeting yesterday.f A meeting was held by them yesterday.他们昨天开会了。(3)将主动语态的主语改为 be, 放在谓语动词后。注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。He

25、 sang a song. f A song was sung by him.2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项：含有双宾语，即直接宾语(常指事物)和间接宾语(常指人)的句子，每个宾语都 可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。Jack told us the truth杰克告诉了我们真相。We were told the truth by Jack.The truth was told (to) us by Jack.四、动词的主动形式表示被动之意 系动词无被动语态：以主动形式表示被动之意 常见的系动词有：1be 动词2 起来（7 个）：look/seem/app

26、ear, fee感觉，摸起来）,sound, smell, tastee.g. She seems/appears happy. It smells terrible.3（逐渐）变得 /变成： become, grow, get, turn, come, goe.g. His wish has come true.People often went hungry in the old days. The tree is growing tall.4保持： keep, staye.g. We must keep quiet in the reading room.五、下列动词(词组)没有被动式：

27、1、happen, take place, break out, belong to ,cost, take2、不及物动词 sell, wash, read , write, open, close, shut, locwk,ear 等，常用主动 形式表示被动意义。CD、An accident was happened yesterday. x) 昨天发生了一起事故。An accident happened yesterday.2、The flower smellssweet这花闻起来很香。3、The watch looksgood.这表看起来很好。C、This book sellswell.

28、这本书畅销。C5 、 The kind of cloth washeswell. 这种布很容易洗。C6 、 The article reads well. 这篇文章读起来很好。C7 、 The supermarketopensat 8:00 in the morning. 超市在早上八点钟营业。C8 、 The door wont close/shu.t 这门关不上。C9 、 The door lockseasily. 这门容易锁。C10 、 This material wears well (wontwear). 这种材料耐久(不耐久)六、各种时态的被动语态举例 (以动词 do 为例) 1一

29、般现在时( am/ is/ are +done)English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。Class meeti ng is held every Thursday.每周四都举行班会。The classroom is clea ned by the stude nts every day学 生们每天都打扫教室。2一般过去时 (was/ were +done)The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。He was saved at last.他最终获救了。My bike w

30、as stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。3一般将来时与过去将来时 (will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done)A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲。A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路。I thought thousa nds of people would be helped.我认为将有数千人得至 U帮助。4现在进行时与过去进行时 (am/ is/ are being +done; was/ were being +done)The

31、mach ine was being repaired at this time yesterday昨天这时，机器正在被修理。The problem is being discussed no w.问题正在被讨论。A bus is being pushed by the passe ngers!路人正在推一辆公共汽车。 5现在完成时 (have/ has been + done)Two hun dred trees have bee n pla nted by now到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。 The book has bee n read many times by me 这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。 6过去完成时 (had been+done)They said they had bee n in vited to the p