中考初中英语语法现在完成时和过去完成时地区别.docx

1、中考初中英语语法现在完成时和过去完成时地区别中考初中英语语法-现在完成时和过去完成时地区别语法-现在完成时和过去完成时的区别1.从结构上区别现在完成时：主语 + have / has + 过去分词 （肯定式）主语 + have / has + not + 过去分词 （否定式）Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词 （疑问式）过去完成时：主语 + had + 过去分词 （肯定式）主语 +had + not + 过去分词 （否定式）Had + 主语 + 过去分词 （疑问式）2.从时间状语区别现在完成时: 常用的时间状语包括 “now, today, tonight, this week, t

2、his year, already, yet, just, recentlyetc”。过去完成时: 常用的时间状语包括 “by, at, before等构成的短语”。注意：当表示一段时间，现在完成时和过去完成时都可以用for 或since引导的状语。例如：Have you had your lunch yet? 你吃午饭了吗？Yes, I have . Ive just had it. 是的，我刚吃完。I have had a clock now. 我现在有一个闹钟了。Have you already posted the photos? 你把照片寄走了吗？The meeting had be

3、gun when we got there. 我们到那儿时，会议已经开始了。We had learned about 5000English words by the end of last term.到上学期末我们已经学了5000个英语单词。They had done the work at five oclock. 在五点钟的时候他们已经完成了那项工作。Ive known Li Lei for three years. 我认识李蕾已经三年了。I have worked here since ten years ago. 自从十年前我就在这工作。We had not heard from h

4、im since we left here. 自从我们离开以来一直没有收到他的来信。They had then been without sleep for twenty-four hours.这时他们已经有24个小时没有合眼了。3.使用时注意事项使用现在完成时应该注意：（1）“ have/ has got ”形式上是一种完成时，但和have/ has 为同一意义，即 “有”。例如：Have you got a pen-friend? 你有笔友吗？Yes, I have. 是的，我有。Has he got a lot of work to do? 他有许多工作要做吗？No, he hasnt.

5、 不，他没有。（2） have/ has gone to 与 have/has been to 的区别have/ has gone to 强调“去而未归”； have/ has been to 强调“去而归还”。 have/ hasbeen to常和once, twice, never, ever连用； have/ has gone to则不可。例如： Have Jack ever been to Beijing? 杰克去过北京吗？ Yes, hes been there several times. 是的，他去过好几次了。 Where have Mary and Tom gone? 玛丽和汤

6、姆去哪里了？ Theyve gone to London. 他们去伦敦了。（3）非延续性动词不能用于“现在完成时 + 表示一段时间的状语”的句型中。这类动词有：come, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow, stop等。但它们能够用表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词。例如：arrive, come be here, be inbegin, start be onbuy havedie be deadfall asleep(ill) be asleep (ill)finish, end be overget to k

7、now knowget up be upgo out be outjoin be in , be a + 名词leave, move be away, be out of使用过去完成时应该注意：如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时。例如：When she came into the room, she found them sitting together singing.她进屋时看见他们坐在一起唱歌。After we said good-bye to our friends, we left the village.在和朋友告别之后我们就离开村子。现在完成时和过去完成时的区别与用法：

8、现在完成时着眼于现在，强调过去发生的某动作对现在造成的影响和结果，或是由过去持续到现在的动作。I have cleaned the classroom .（强调扫地所产生的结果：地干净了！）We have lived here for ten years.（“住”从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时）We have lived here since we came here.（“住”是从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时）过去完成时则主要体现过去发生的两动作的先后有别，表达的是“过去的过去”，即比过去发生的某动作都还要“过去”，两动作中先发生的就用过去完成时，后发生的则只用一般过去时。运用过去完成

9、时的句子往往有两过去的时间或动作，一定要注意这点哟！Mr Green had lived in New York for ten years before he came to China.(来”中国已过去，而先前“住”在纽约更过去！）（另外注意：“住”在纽约可没有持续到现在哟！）We had learned 1000 words by the end of last term.（“上期期末”已过去，而是在其前“学”的就更过去了！）现在完成时与一般过去时的区别1. 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对“现在”产生的影响。

10、如：He visited Guilin in 1998.他1998年参观过桂林。(只说明去桂林的时间)2. 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。不与确定的过去时间状语连用。如：Jill has bought a new computer.吉尔买了一台新电脑。（着重点是现在有了一台新电脑）3. 两种时态的区分（1）一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是“助动词have /has +过去分词”。如：（2）一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002

11、等；而现在完成时则常与just, already, ever, never等副词和these days, this week, since., for.等表示一段时间的状语连用。看看以下的几组句子，有什么区别？ Have you seen the film?（A）Did you see the film?（B）说明 你看过这部电影吗？（A）句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解；（B）句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。 How has he done it?(A)How did he do it?(B)说明他是怎么做的这件事？(A)句强调的是他做这件事的方式对现在产生了某种

12、影响；(B)句单纯的询问做这件事的方式。 He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.（A）He lived in Beijing for 8 years.（B）说明他在北京住了8年。（A）句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了8年，可能还会继续在北京住下去。(B)句讲的是他在北京住过8年，现在不在北京了。二、英语书面表达专项训练2 如今，很多城市出现了一种绿色出行方式共享单车（bike-sharing），它因环保、便捷而备受青睐，但同时也引发了一些问题。请你根据提示以Bike-sharing为题写一篇英语短文，表达自己的看法和建议。要点提示：AdvantagesBe co

13、nvenient, less pollution, reduce the traffic pressure（减缓交通压力）Take exerciseProblems Throw away, damage（毁损）, be stolenAdvice Civilized（文明的）, follow the rules, take good care of注意：1. 短文应包括以上要点，可适当发挥，以使行文连贯；2. 文中不得出现真实的人名、校名及地名；3. 词数：80-100（文章开头已给出，不计入总词数）。Bike-sharing Today, as a greener means of trans

14、portation, bike-sharing is becoming more and more popular in many cities. _【答案】Today,as a greener means of transportation, bike-sharing is becoming more and more popular in many cities. Its known that it has many advantages. So its enjoyed by lots of people.First of all, its very convenient for peop

15、le to go somewhere.【高分句型一】Also, it helps to reduce the traffic pressure. There will be less pollution because of bike-sharing. Besides, bike-sharing helps people take more exercise.In this way, its helpful to peoples health.（优势） However, it also brings some problems. For example, some people throw t

16、hem away after using bikes. Even some people damage them, and some bikes are stolen.（难题） In my opinion, everyone should try to be civilized and follow the rules of using bikes. As long as we take good care of bikes, it will make our life better and better,and our environment will be more beautiful.【

17、高分句型二】（建议）【解析】【详解】这篇短文内容丰富，表达了所有要点，语言表达准确，意思连贯，符合逻辑。在短文中使用了大量的复合句、固定句式、连词及固定短语，为文章增色不少，.如: Its known that it has many advantages.，First of all, its very convenient for people to go somewhere.，Also, Besides, In this way, However, it also brings some problems. For example, In my opinion,等。【点睛】本文要求以“Bi

18、ke-sharing”为题，根据表格的内容提示，写一篇短文，表达自己对共享单车的看法和建议。写作时，考生要紧密贴合表格中的三个要点：首先，阐述共享单车的优点；其次，列举共享单车带来的问题；最后，根据问题给出个人建议。3请你根据以下内容提示,为学校广播站英语专栏写一篇短文,介绍发生在你好朋友王强Wang Qiang身上的一件事。1.上周一放学后Wang Qiang骑车回家,在十字路口,看到一位老太太正要过马路。2.当时交通灯坏了,所有车辆都一个接一个通过十字路口。3.老太太犹豫不决,不敢独自穿过十字路口。4.王强看到这种情况,主动上前拦住了车辆领着老人安全过了路口。5.请就此事谈谈你的看法.要求

19、: 1.短文要包括以上所有要点。2.行文连贯,可适当发挥。3.词数:80-100。开头部分已给出,不计入总词数。参考词汇:十字路口 crossroads 在犹豫不决 hesitate inLast Monday Wang Qiang rode his bike back home._【答案】Last Monday Wang Qiang rode his bike back home. On his way home, at a crossroads he saw an old lady going across the road. Because the traffic lights didn

20、t work at that time, all the traffic crossed the road without stopping one by one. The lady hesitated in whether she should cross it, but she was afraid to do that When Wang Qiang saw that, he offered to stop the traffic with his bike in order to lead her to cross the road safely.In my opinion, Wang

21、 Qiang is such a good example that we should learn from him. At the same time we also suggest that all the drivers should let people cross first and then traffic when this situation happens.【解析】【分析】这是一篇给材料作文，介绍发生在我的好朋友王强身上的一件事。【详解】结合所给材料，可知本文主要考查一般现在时和一般过去时，人称为第三人称，注意主谓一致问题，句子结构主要为系表结构和动宾结构，注意一些常见句式

22、的应用，比如：The lady hesitated，but she was afraid，he offered to，Wang Qiang is.等句式的应用。写作中注意运用代词，注意多种句式交替运用。写作中注意叙述顺序，符合逻辑关系。【点睛】本文结构紧凑，语言简练。开头介绍了王强骑车回家的路上看见一位老太太不敢过马路，接下来介绍他主动上前拦住了车辆领着老人安全过了路口，最后我就这件事谈谈我的想法。此处on ones way, see sb doing sth, at that time, without doing sth, offer to do sth, learn from等这些词组的

23、运用也让文章增色不少。4书面表达假如你是英语俱乐部的Cathy,上周五你们收到了外教Angel为同学们网购的英文书籍。俱乐部的同学们很喜欢网购图书这种便捷的方式，并打算在本周五交流读书后的感受。请你根据以下信息, 给Angel写一封电子邮件，告诉她俱乐部的活动情况，并说说网购图书的好处。写作要点：1表达收到图书后的喜悦与感激之情。2介绍活动的情况：（l）上周五，俱乐部成员们一起读英文书。（2）本周五的下午3点，大家将共同交流读书的体会。（3）同学们将在下个月网购其他的英文书。3说一说网上购书有什么好处。写作要求：1不得使用真实的姓名和学校名。2可适当加入细节，使内容充实，行文连贯。3字迹工整、

24、语言精练、表达准确、条理清晰。4至少80词。Dear Angel,How are you doing? Best wishes!Yours,Cathy【答案】Dear Angel,How are you doing? Im writing to tell you that we received the books that you bought for us. We are grateful to you and all of us are very happy。Last Friday，we had a reading party, which was held on Friday in o

25、ur reading room. Then we are going to hold an activity to share the feeling with others at 3:00 on Friday afternoon. All of us are fond of buying books on the Internet. We are going to buy some books on the Internet next month. As far as I am concerned, on the one hand, the books on the Internet are

26、 cheaper than those in the bookstore. On the other hand, there are all kinds of books, so we neednt go from one bookstore to another .Best wishes!Yours,Cathy【解析】【详解】本文属于材料作文，向外教介绍俱乐部中读书交流会的活动，并且告诉外教同学们现在喜欢网购图书并阐述网购图书的好处。根据要表达的内容确定并准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑，可适当增加内容。亮点说明：这是一篇优秀的作文，很好的完成了试题规定的任务，语言表达符合英语习惯，准

27、确运用时态、主谓一致，特别使用一些亮点词句，如bought sth for sb, be grateful to, be going to do, share sth with sb, be fond of, as far as I am concerned, on the one hand.on the other hand, from to以及we had a reading party,which was held on Friday in our reading room中which引导非限制性定语从句。增强逻辑关系，增加上下文意思连贯，用词准确，句子通顺，行文连贯。【点睛】写作时可以从以下几个方面做起：认真审题。审好题是写好书面表达的关键。审题时要注意试题的要求，抓住要点，词数符合要求。构思提纲。有了提纲，我们就可以根据提纲和主题确定相关的写作材料。通常书面表达给出的话题是开放的，而具体的内容要求学生自己发挥，因此选择恰当的素材也是使短文中心