完整word版动词不定式要点总结.docx

1、完整word版动词不定式要点总结动词不定式要点总结动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。一、常接不定式作宾语的动词有want，love，learn，agree，decide，hope，refuse等。例如：Im learning to skate on real ice. 我正在真正的冰上学滑冰。特别提醒不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，通常用it作形式宾语，而把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后。例如：He found it very difficult to get to sleep.他发现入睡很困难。二、动词不定式常用作目的

2、状语。例如：He came to give us a talk yesterday. 他昨天来给我们作了个报告。Mrs Brown went to see her doctor. 布朗夫人去看她的医生了。三、tell，ask，want，order，get，wish，warn，teach，invite等动词后常跟不定式作宾语的补足语，构成tell/ asksb to do sth（“告诉/请某人做某事”）结构。例如：Could you ask him to call me，please？ 请你让他给我打个电话，好吗？特别提醒使役动词let，make，have等，感官动词see，hear，feel

3、，watch，notice，look at，listen to等，后常跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。例如：A woman saw it happen when she was walking past. 一位妇女路过时看到（它掉下）了。We often heard her sing in the next room. 我们经常听到她在隔壁唱歌。注意：在被动语态句子中，不定式前必须加to.例如：He was made to do it. 他被迫做这件事。She was often heard to sing in the next room. 经常听到她在隔壁唱歌。四、不定式短语作定语要放在被

4、修饰的词语之后。例如：I have a lot of work to do. 我有许多事情要做。五、不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式短语放在后面。例如：It is right to give up smoking. 戒烟是有益的。六、作表语。例如：To him，the first important thing was to save lives. 对他来说，最重要的事情就是拯救生命。His wish is to become a scientist. 他的愿望是当一名科学家。七、动词不定式用在疑问词how，when，where，what，which等之后，作宾语或宾语

5、补足语。例如：He taught us how to use a computer. 他教我们如何使用计算机。I dont know where to go？ 我不知道去哪里。1) 动词+ 不定式afford, aim, appear, agree, arrange, ask, be, decide, bother, care, choose, come, dare, demand, desire, determine, expect, elect, endeavor, hope, fail, happen, help, hesitate, learn, long, mean, manage,

6、 offer, ought, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, wait, wish, undertakeThe driver failed to see the other car in time.司机没能及时看见另一辆车。I happen to know the answer to your question.我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。2) 动词+不定式；动词+宾语+不定式ask, beg, choose, expect, hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prep

7、are, promise, want, wishI like to keep everything tidy.我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。I like you to keep everything tidy.我喜欢你使每件东西都保持整洁。I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。3) 动词+疑问词+ todecide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, expl

8、ain, tellPlease show us how to do that.请演示给我们如何去做。There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I cant make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。如：The question is how to put it into practice.问题是怎样把它付诸实施。2. 不定式作补语1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)advise, allow, appoint, be

9、lieve, cause, challenge, command, compel, consider, declare, drive, enable, encourage, find, forbid, force, guess, hire, imagine, impel, induce, inform, instruct, invite, judge, know, like, order, permit, persuade, remind, report, request, require, select, send, state, suppose, tell, think, train, t

10、rust, understand, urge, warna.Father will not allow us to play on the street.父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。b.We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。Find 的特殊用法Find后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get，have。I found him lying on the ground.I found it important to learn.I found that to learn English

11、is important.典型例题 The next morning she found the man _ in bed，dead.A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying答案：A.find的宾语后面，用分词或分词短语，起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。2) to + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(声称), discover, fancy(设想), feel, find,guess, judge, imagine, know, prov

12、e, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以为), understandWe consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。典型例题Charles Babbage is generally considered_ the first computer.A. to inventB. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented答案：A. 由consider to do sth. 排除B、D。.此句只说明发明这一个事实，不定

13、式后用原形即可。而C为现在完成时，发明为点动词一般不用完成时，且此处也不强调对现在的影响，因此不选C。3) to be +形容词seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, meanThe book is believed to be uninteresting.人们认为这本书没什么意思。4) there be+不定式believe, expect, intend, like, love, me

14、an, prefer, want, wish, undrstandWe didnt expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。注意:有些动词需用as 短语做补语，如regard, think believe, take, consider.We regard Tom as our best teacher.我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。Mary took him as her father .玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。3. 不定式作主语1) Its easy (for me) to do that. 我做这事太容易了。easy,

15、 difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enoughIts so nice to hear your voice.听到你的声音真高兴。Its necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。2) Its very kind of you to

16、 help us.他帮助我们，他真好。kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)It was silly of us to believe him.我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。注意 1) 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数

17、形式。3)当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is to的句型(对)To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。(错)It is to believe to see.Its for sb.和 Its of sb.1) for sb.常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：Its very hard for him to study two languages.对他来说学两门外语是很难的。2) of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的

18、形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。Its very nice of you to help me.你来帮助我，你真是太好了。for 与of 的辨别方法用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如：You are nice.(通顺，所以应用of)。He is hard.(人是困难的，不通，因此应用for。)4. 不定式作表语不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如：My work is to clean the room every day.His dream is to be a

19、doctor.5. 不定式作定语不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如：I have a lot of work to do.So he made some candles to give light.6. 不定式作状语1) 目的状语To only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such) as to (如此以便)He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。I come here only to say good-bye to you.我来仅仅是向你告别。2)作结果状语，表事先没有预

20、料到的，要放在句子后面。What have I said to make you angry.He searched the room only to find nothing.3)表原因 Im glad to see you.典型例题The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _.A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on答案：B.如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时，常位于形容词+动词不定式结构的末尾。用作介词的toto 有两种用法：一为

21、不定式+动词原形； 一为介词+名词/动名词, to在下面的用法中是第二种，即to+ 名词/动名词：admit to承认，confess to承认，be accustomed to 习惯于，be used to 习惯于，stick to 坚持，turn to开始，着手于，devote oneself to 献身于，be devoted to 致力于， look forward to盼望，pay attention to注意省to 的动词不定式1) 情态动词 ( 除ought 外，ought to)：2) 使役动词 let, have, make：3) 感官动词 see, watch, look

22、at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。注意在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance.The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night.4) would rather，had better：5) Why / why not：6) help 可带to，也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth：7) but和exce

23、pt：but前是动词do时，后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。8) 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to可以省去：9) 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等词后，可以省去to be：He is supposed (to be) nice.他应该是个好人。举例：He wants to move to France and marry the girl. He wants to do nothing but go out. 比较：He wants to do nothing but go out. He wants

24、 to believe anything but to take the medicine.典型例题1) - I usually go there by train.- Why not _ by boat for a change?A. to try going B.trying to go C.to try and goD.try going答案：D. why not 后面接不带to的不定式，因此选D。2) Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard.A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learni

25、ng答案：B. make后接不带to的动词不定式，当其用于被动时，to 不可省略。动词不定式的否定式Tell him not to shut the windowShe pretended not to see me when I passed by.我走过的时候，她假装没看见。典型例题1) Tell him _ the window.A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut答案：B。 tell sb to do sth 的否定形式为tell sb not to do sth.2)She pretended _ me wh

26、en I passed by.A.not to see B. not seeingC. to not see D.having not seen答案：A。 pretend后应接不定式。其否定形式为pretend not to do sth.。3) Mrs. Smith warned her daughter _ after drinking.A. never to drive B. to never driverC. never driving D. never drive答案：A。warn sb to do sth. 的否定形式为warn sb not to do sth. 此处用的是否定词

27、never.4) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him _.A. not toB. not to doC. not do it D. do not to答案：A。not to 为not to do it的省略形式。可以只用to这个词，而不必重复整个不定式词组。及物动词do后应有名词、代词等，否则不对，因此B，D不对。5) The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A. to eat no B. eating not C.

28、 not to eatD. not eating答案：C。warn一词要求后用不定式，此处为不定式的被动，否定形式为be warned not to do。不定式的特殊句型tooto1) tooto 太以至于He is too excited to speak.他太激动了，说不出话来。- Can I help you ? 需要我帮忙吗?- Well, Im afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same.不用了。这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢您。2)如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表

29、达肯定，too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意 为不太。Its never too late to mend.(谚语)改过不嫌晚。3) 当too 前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常等于very。Im only too pleased to be able to help you.我非常高兴能帮助你。He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。不定式的特殊句型so as to1) 表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his

30、job.汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 轻点进去，别惊醒了婴儿。2) so kind as to -劳驾Would you be so kind as to tell me the time?劳驾，现在几点了。不定式的特殊句型Why notWhy not +动词原形表达向某人提出建议，翻译为：为什么不? 干吗不?例如：Why not take a holiday?干吗不去度假?不定式的时态和语态时态语态 主动 被动一般式 to do to be done进行式 to be doing 完成式 to ha

31、ve done to have been done完成进行式 to have been doing 1)现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。He seems to know this.I hope to see you again.= I hope that Ill see you again.我希望再见到你。2)完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.He seems to have caught a cold.3) 进行时： 表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。He seems to be eating something.4) 完成进行时：She is known to have been wrea