高考英语人教版一轮复习 必修1 Unit 5 讲义.docx

1、高考英语人教版一轮复习 必修1 Unit 5 讲义话题词汇1achievement n成就；成绩；功绩2ambitious adj.有雄心壮志的3background n背景4characteristic adj.典型的；独特的5contribution n贡献6outgoing adj.爱交际的；外向的7outstanding adj.优秀的；杰出的8be gifted at对有天赋9be enthusiastic about对热心10make efforts to do sth.努力做某事经典语篇为了纪念特蕾莎修女，某英文报社组织了一次作文比赛，请你根据以下要点，以 “Life of Mo

2、ther Teresa”为题，写一篇100词左右的介绍特蕾莎修女的文章参赛。11910年生于南斯拉夫，20岁时去了印度当老师；1946年离开学校当了一名护士；2她心地善良，在印度帮助穷人、病人、无家可归的人等；3建学校和医院，到各地演讲，呼吁人们关心穷人；41979年获得诺贝尔和平奖。佳作欣赏Life of Mother TeresaMother Teresa is one of the greatest women in the world.She was born in Yugoslavia in 1910.At the age of 20，she went to India.There

3、she first worked as a teacher. However，in 1946 Mother Teresa left the school and after that，she was trained to become a nurse. She was so kind that she began helping the poor，the sick and the homeless in India.Besides，Mother Teresa opened many schools and hospitals in poor countries.While she was tr

4、aveling，she called on people to help those in trouble. In 1979，she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for the love and the service she had given to unfortunate people.思维发散1将第句改为复合句At the age of 20，she went to India，where she first worked as a teacher.2将第句改为含有定语从句的复合句However，in 1946 Mother Teresa left

5、 the school，after which she was trained to become a nurse.3将第句改为省略句While traveling，she called on people to help those in trouble.重点单词A写作单词1quality (n.)品质；质量；性质2active (adj.)积极的；活跃的3vote (vt.)& (vi.)投票；选举；(n.)投票；选票；表决4attack (vt.)进攻；抨击；攻击5equal (adj.)相等的；平等的6willing (adj.)乐意的；自愿的7hopeful (adj.)有希望的8e

6、scape (vi.& vt.)逃脱；逃走；泄露9beg (vi.)请求；乞求10reward (n.)报酬；奖金；(vt.)酬劳；奖赏11opinion (n.)意见；看法；主张12devote (vt.)献身；专心于devoted (adj.)忠实的；深爱的13peaceful (adj.)和平的；平静的；安宁的peace (n.)和平14legal (adj.)法律的；依照法律的illegal (adj.)非法的15educate (vt.)教育；训练educated (adj.)受过教育的；有教养的B阅读单词16mean (adj.)吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的17generous (adj

7、.)慷慨的；大方的18principle (n.)法则；原则；原理19league (n.)同盟；联盟；联合会20youth (n.)青年；青年时期21fee (n.)费；酬金22guidance (n.)指导；领导23lawyer (n.)律师24republic (n.)共和国；共和政体25found (vt.)建立；建设26relative (n.)亲戚；亲属27terror (n.)恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动28cruelty (n.)残忍；残酷29sentence (vt.)判决；宣判30president (n.)总统；会长；校长；行长31blanket (n.)毯子；毛毯

8、32unfair (adj.)不公平的；不公正的33self (n.)自我；自身selfish (adj.)自私的selfless (adj.)无私的；忘我的selflessly (adv.)无私地；忘我地34violence (n.)暴力；暴行violent (adj.)暴力的；猛烈的.重点短语1out of work失业2as a matter of fact/in fact事实上3blow up使充气；爆炸 4in trouble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中5turn to求助于；致力于6lose heart丧失勇气或信心7come to power上台；当权8set up设立，建

9、立；搭起9be sentenced to被判处(徒刑)10in ones opinion在某人看来.经典句式1However，this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.然而在那个时候，你要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。2The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress，until today we have reached a stage wh

10、ere we have almost no rights at all.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。3.we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important，or fight the government.我们被置于这样一种境地：要么被迫承认我们低人一等，要么与政府作斗争。4.only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.只有到那个时候

11、，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。5I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我感觉很糟。.课文语法填空Elias，a poor black worker in South Africa，said that the time 1.when he first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of his life.In 1952，he went to see Mandela，a black lawyer，for advice.Mandela was generous

12、with his time，for 2.which Elias was very grateful.He began school at six，but he had to leave school two years later 3.because his family couldnt afford the school fees and the bus fare.4.As a result，he had very little education.After 5.trying(try) hard，he got a job in a gold mine.However，to live in

13、Johannesburg，one had got to have a passbook.Not having one because he was not born there，he worried about 6.whether he would become out of work.Then Mandela helped him，telling him how to get the correct papers 7.to stay(stay) in Johannesburg.He became more hopeful about his future and later joined t

14、he ANC Youth League 8.organized(organize) by Mandela.Just as Mandela put it，the blacks were so badly treated that they had reached a stage 9.where they had almost no rights at all.In 1963，he helped Mandela blow up some government buildings.He knew that only by answering violence 10.with violence cou

15、ld they achieve their dream of making black and white people equal.1. devote v.献身；致力；专心于；把用于(give most of.to)应试指导过去分词作定语、状语的考查(1)devote.to.把致力于，专心于(2)devoted adj.忠实的,be devoted to致力于，献身于；热爱(3)devotion n.奉献；关照(1)Her life was devoted to caring for the sick and needy.她一生都致力于关心照顾贫病交迫的人。(2)Alanna has alw

16、ays shown intense devotion to her children.阿兰娜一直深爱着她的孩子们。多维训练(1)用devote的正确形式填空He is highly thought of because of his devotion to duty.His life is one devoted to the people.(2)同义句改写He devoted himself to community activities and was praised by the people around.Devoting himself to community activities

17、，he was praised by the people around.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)Devoted to community activities，he was praised by the people around.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)2. equal adj.相同的，相等的(the same in.)；平等的；相当的；能胜任的(fit；capable)；n.同等的人；相等物；v.与相等，等于(be the same in.)；比得上；抵得过(be as good as.)应试指导equally写作关联词(1)be equal in在方面比得上be equal t

18、o sth./doing sth.等于；与相等；胜任on equal terms在对等的条件下(2)without equal/have no equal无与伦比(1)The amount of radiation was equal to using a mobile phone for two halfhour periods per day.辐射量相当于每天使用两次、每次半小时的手机所接受的辐射。(2)He is a player without equal.他是个无与伦比的运动员。多维训练(1)单句语法填空He is equal to Tom in ability.The two co

19、untries had a conversation on equal terms.(2)一句多译他能胜任这项工作。He is equal to the job.(equal)He is up to the job.(up)He is fit for the job.(fit)He is qualified to do/for doing the job.(qualified)3. escape v.逃脱；逃走；逃避；被遗忘；泄漏；n.逃脱(1)escape from从逃脱；逃避escape doing/being done逃避(被)做某事escape death 死里逃生(2)a narro

20、w escape九死一生(1)He escaped from the enemys prison.他从敌人的监狱逃了出来。(2)Mike often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations.无论什么时候违反交通规则，迈克总是设法逃避罚款。(3)He had a narrow escape.他九死一生。特别提醒注意下面两个短语的区别：escape from prison越狱escape prison逃过牢狱之灾多维训练(1)写出下列句子中escape的汉语意思Im sorry，but your n

21、ame escapes me.被遗忘；被忽略How will we know if theres any gas escaping？流出；泄漏The cinema allowed people to escape from the depressing realities of their lives.逃避(现实)Three people died in the fire，but John escaped through the bedroom window.逃脱(2)同义句改写You are lucky to escape punishment.You are lucky to escape

22、 being punished.4. reward v.酬谢；奖励，奖赏；n.奖金；回报；报酬(1)in reward for 为奖赏；为报答as a reward for作为对的奖赏/回报(2)reward sb.for sth.因某事而奖赏/酬谢某人reward sb.with sth.用某物回报某人(1)As a reward for his bravery，the soldier was given a medal.为奖励他的勇敢，这个士兵被授予一枚奖章。(2)He rewarded us with a lot of money for helping him.对于我们的帮助他大加酬谢

23、。词义辨析 reward，award(1)reward报酬，奖金或一些非金钱类的报酬，多指因对方的工作、服务、帮助而给予的报酬或奖赏，常用搭配：reward sb.for (doing) sth.。(2)award奖品，奖金，与prize用法相同，意为“授予，颁发”，常用搭配：award sb.sth.award sth.to sb.。多维训练(1)用reward，award的正确形式填空Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.In his spare time，he has always been ready to help youn

24、g writers.How can we reward his kindness?(2)一句多译我送给他一本书来答谢他的帮助。I gave him a book in reward for/as a reward for his help.(reward n)I rewarded him with a book for his help.(reward v)5. turn to 转身；求助于；致力于；翻到；转向应试指导turn短语语境词义辨析(1)turn to sb.for help向某人求助turn out结果是；证明是；(为看热闹)蜂拥而至(2)take turns to do./in

25、doing.轮流做in turn依次；逐个；相应地by turns 轮流地；交替地(1)When in trouble，you should turn to your parents for help.有麻烦的时候，你应该向父母求助。(2)They take turns to look after their sick father in the hospital.他们轮流照顾生病住院的父亲。多维训练(1)写出下列句子中turn to的汉语意思He was the one I always turned to for strength and security.求助于If you turn t

26、o page 40，you will find it.翻到More and more people turn to computer science.从事于；致力于She turned to me and told me not to lose faith.转向(2)用上述短语的正确形式填空The weather was mild and rainy by turns throughout the week.Thousands of people turned out to watch yesterdays match against Ireland.We are at your servic

27、e.Dont hesitate to turn to us if you have any further problems.He asked each of us in turn to describe how alcohol had affected our lives.6. vote v.投票，选举，表决；建议；n.选票；投票；表决多维训练单句语法填空(1)He was voted(vote) the most promising new director.(2)If we cant agree，well have to vote on it.(3)Fearing that most o

28、f the citizens voted against him，he wore a smile.(4)A majority of staff voted to accept(accept) the offer of an 8% pay rise.(5)Lets put it to the vote.All those in favor raise your hands.7. opinion n.意见；见解；信念；看法；主张多维训练一句多译在他看来，这是一本好书。(1)In his opinion，this is a good book.(opinion)(2)According to him

29、，this is a good book.(according)(3)As far as he is concerned，this is a good book.(concerned)(4)In his judgement，this is a good book.(judgement)(5)In his (point of) view，this is a good book.(view)8. lose heart灰心；泄气；丧失信心(lose confidence)多维训练短语填空lose heart，lose ones temper，lose ones heart to，lose ones

30、patience(1)I found Ive lost my heart to you.(2)My grandfather became fierce when he lost his temper.(3)Weve kept waiting for almost an hour.Im beginning to lose my patience.(4)When you fail，you should never lose heart.9. He was the first man to land on the moon in July 1969.1969年7月，他成为第一个登上月球的人。句型公式：不定式作定语(1)动词不定式可以用来修饰人和物，一般置于被修饰的名词或代词之后，即作后置定语。(2)当被修饰成分前有序数词或最高级及the only，the very修饰时，常用不定式作定语。(3)to come将来的；to spare剩余的。这两个短语常放在时间名词后面作后置定语。(4)修饰某些抽象名词的不定式，有时可转换为介词短语。(5)作定语的动词如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。(1)He is