1、英语单词变化规则大汇总复习过程英语单词变化规则大汇总英语单词的各种变化规则一、名词复数变化:(一)规则变化情况构成方法例词读音一般情况在词尾加 -sdeskdesksmapmaps-s 在清辅音后发 /s/daydaysgirlgirls-s 在元音和浊辅音后发 /z/以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词在词尾加 -esbusbusesboxboxeswatchwatchesfishfishes-es 发 /iz/ 音以辅音字母加 -y结尾的词变y为i再加 -esfamilyfamiliesfactoryfactoriespartypatries-ies 发 /iz/ 音以元音字母加 -y结尾的词在词
2、尾加 -sdaydaysboyboyskeykeys-s 发 /z/ 音以f或fe结尾的词变f或fe为v再加 -esknifekniveslifeliveswifewiveshalfhalves-ves发 /vz/音以辅音字母加 -o 结尾的词在词尾加 -espotatopotatoestomatotomatoesheroheroes-es 发 /z/ 音以元音字母加 -o 结尾的词在词尾加 -sradioradioszoozoos-s 发 /z/音注:以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的词 加 s 读 /iz/ license-licenses巧记以ffe结尾的可数名词复数1)妻子骑牛拿起
3、刀,wife,calf,knife 2)追得贼狼满街跑,thief,wolf 变f或fe为v,再加es3)碰倒架子丧己命,shelf,self,life 4)手帕树叶半空飘。handkerchief,leaf,half (二)名词复数的不规则变化:1childchildren(儿童)manmen(男人)womanwomen (女人)an Englishmantwo Englishmen(英国人)footfeet(脚)toothteeth(牙)mousemice(老鼠)ox oxen(公牛)goosegeese(鹅)2单复同形deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese,Sw
4、iss, species,means 除人民币,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar,two dollars; a meter,two meters3集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。people police cattle是复数(Correctness:a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss )(Error:a people,a police,a cattle )表示国民总称时,作复数用。(The
5、Chinese are industrious and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。)4以s结尾,仍为单数的名词1)maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。2)news是不可数名词。5. 表示由两部分构成的东西,glasses(眼镜) trousers (长裤) clothes(衣服)若表达具体数目,要借助数量词pair(对,双)a pair of glasses ,two pairs of trouserssuit(套)6 另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思goods (货物) waters (水域) fishes (各种鱼)练习:
6、写出下列各词的复数 I _ him _ this _ her _watch _ child _ photo _ diary _day_ foot_ book_ dress _tooth_ sheep _ box_ strawberry _thief _ fish_ peach_ sandwich _man_ woman_ paper_ juice_water_ milk_ rice_ tea_二、序数词变化规则(一)一般化规则:基数词+th序数词(规则变化) four(四)fourth(第四) six(六)sixth(第六) seven(七)seventh(第七) ten(十)tenth(第十
7、) eleven(十一)eleventh(第十一)(二)*不规则变化的one(一)first(第一) twenty-one twenty-firsttwo(二)second(第二)three(三)third(第三)five(五)fifth(第五)eight(八)eighth(第八) fifty-eight fifty-eighthnine(九)ninth(第九)twelve(十二)twelfth(第十二)(三)从1319的基数词,都在个位数后加teen构成14fourteen15fifteen16sixteen17seventeen18eighteen19nineteen(四)整十的序数词,变
8、y为ie再加th20 twentytwentieth第二十30 thirtythirtieth第三十40 fortyfortieth第十四50 fiftyfiftieth第五十60 sixtysixtieth第六十70 seventyseventieth第七十80 eighteightieth第八十90 ninetyninetieth第九十(五)分数的表达: 分子用:基数词 分母用:序数词特别要注意:当分子大于1时,分母要用:复数1/2 one second ; a half ; 1/4 a quarter ;3/4 three quarters7/8 seven eighths3/5 thr
9、ee fifths(六)加减乘除表达 a decimal number 小数 a fraction 分数 a percentage 百分数 a odd number奇数 an even number 偶数 degrees 度数1) 加:and; plus; add to2+4=6Two and four is/equals six.或Two plus four is/equals six.或Two added to four equals six.2)减:minus ; subtract from 8-3=5Eight minus three is/equals five.或Three sub
10、tracted from eight is five.3)乘:multiply.by; multiplied by /times 35=15Multiply three by five is/equals fifteen.或Three multiplied by five is/equals fifteen.4)除:divide by./divide .by. 248=3Twenty-four divided by eight is/equals three.或Divide 24 by 8 is /equals three.三形容词比较级和最高级的变化规则:1.一般在词尾加er/est;2.以
11、字母e 结尾,加r/st ;3.以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er/st ;原级比较级最高级slimslimmerslimmestbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottestfatfatterfattestthinthinnerthinnestwetwetterwettestredredderreddestsadsaddersaddest4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er/st5.多音节词.和部分双音节词,在单词前面加more或mostimportant more important most important difficul
12、t more difficult most difficultinteresting more interesting most interesting useful more useful most usefulbeautiful more beautiful most beautiful6不规则形容词比较级:原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldolder/elderoldest/eldestredredderreddestfarfurther/fartherfurthe
13、st /farthest写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级old_ young_ tall_ long_ short_ strong_ big_ small_ fat_ thin_ heavy_ light_ nice_ good_ beautiful_ high_ slow_ fast_ low_ late_ early_ far_ well_四动词第三人称单数变化规则1一般情况下,直接加-s, 如:cook-cooks, milk-milks2以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es, 如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goe
14、s3以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink _ go _ stay _ make _look _ have_ pass_ carry _come_ watch_ plant_ fly _study_ brush_ do_ teach_五动词现在分词加ing的变化规则1一般情况下,直接加ing, 如:cook-cooking2以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting3. 以ie结尾的动词,把ie变为y再加ing。如: lie - lying 平躺/说谎 tie - tyi
15、ng系,捆(鞋带,领带) die - dying死4如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,这类动词有:Begin- beginning 开始cut - cutting 剪、切dig - digging 挖get - getting 获得、得到、取hit - hitting 击、打、撞let - letting 让put - putting 放run - running 跑set - setting 设置、套shut - shutting 关闭、闭sit - sitting 坐babysit-babysitting 临时受顾照看婴儿、照看小孩spit - spit
16、ting 吐痰、吐split - splitting 劈、分裂skip-skipping 跳绳swim - swimming 游、游泳win - winning 赢、获胜shop- shopping 购物、逛商店prefer-preferring 更喜欢.Step- stepping 踩、踏Refer- referring 参考、查阅Dip- dipping 浸、泡、醮、舀(取)、吸出、掏Mop- mopping 用拖把拖、洗、擦、抹、(另:猫扑)Nod -nodding 点头Fret- fretting (使)烦恼(烦恼)、(使)烦躁,(使)发愁,Kidnap-kidnapping 绑架Na
17、p-napping 小睡、打盹Rot-rotting 腐蚀、腐烂Spot-spotting 玷污Hiccup-hiccupping 打嗝beg - begging 乞求、乞讨drip - dripping (雨)滴落、滴下、滴dot - dotting 打点、打句号drop - dropping 坠落、落下fit - fitting 适合、合适hug - hugged 拥抱、怀抱、紧抱、抱有、持有plan - planning 计划、打算pat - patting 轻拍(打)、抚拍rid - ridding (使)免除、(使)摆脱、去掉rob - robbing 抢劫、动掠、盗取、剥夺rese
18、t - resetting 重排(放、植)、重接(断骨)regret - regretting 遗憾、懊悔、感到后悔(抱歉)stop - stopping 停止、停下、住手stir - stirring 搅拌、搅动、拨动、传布rub - rubbing 擦(上)、摩擦、擦到travel - travel(l)ing 旅行、行进、步行、交往whip - whipping 揩、擦(汗、水)Slip -slipping 滑倒、跌倒Wrap -wrapping 包装 打包、包、裹、缠(绕)、卷写出下列动词的现在分词:play_ run_ swim _ make_go_ like_ write_ _ s
19、ki_ read_ have_ sing _ dance_put_ see_ buy _ love_ live_ take_ come _ get_stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_四动词过去式变化规则:1一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked2结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted3以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i, 再加-ed,如:study-studied4末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如beg - begged 乞求、乞讨dip- dipped 浸、泡、醮、舀(取)、吸出、掏d
20、ot - dotted 打点、打句号drip - dripped (雨)滴落、滴下、滴drop - dropped 坠落、落下fit - fitted 适合、合适hiccup-hiccupped 打嗝hug - hugged 拥抱、怀抱、紧抱、抱有、持有kidnap-kidnapped 绑架mop- mopped 用拖把拖、洗、擦、抹、(另:猫扑)nap-napped 小睡、打盹nod -nodded 点头pat - patted 轻拍(打)、抚拍plan - planned 计划、打算prefer-preferred 更喜欢.refer- referred 参考、查阅regret - reg
21、retted 遗憾、懊悔、感到后悔(抱歉)rid - ridded (使)免除、(使)摆脱、去掉rob - robbed 抢劫、动掠、盗取、剥夺rot-rotted 腐蚀、腐烂rub - rubbed 擦(上)、摩擦、擦到shop- shopped 购物、逛商店slip -slipped 滑倒、跌倒skip-skipped 跳绳spot-spotted 玷污step- stepped 踩、踏stir - stirred 搅拌、搅动、拨动、传布stop - stopped 停止、停下、住手trip-tripped 绊倒travel - travel(l)ed 旅行、行进、步行、交往whip -
22、whipped 揩、擦(汗、水)wrap -wrapped 包装 打包、包、裹、缠(绕)、卷 5不规则动词过去式:1.AAA动词原形过去式过去分词costkstcostkstcostkst花费cutktcutktcutkt割,切hurth:thurth:thurth:t受伤hithithithithithit打,撞letletletletletlet让putputputputputput放下readri:dreadri:dreadri:d读setsetsetsetsetset安排,安置spreadspredspreadspredspreadspred展开,传播,涂spitspitspit/sp
23、atspitspit/spatspit吐痰,shuttshuttshutt关上, 闭起,停止营业2.AAB动词原形 过去式 过去分词 beatbi:t beatbi:t beatenbi:tn 打败3.ABA动词原形过去式过去分词becomebikmbecamebikeimbecomebikm变comekmcamekeimcomekm来runrnranrnrunrn跑4.ABB(1)在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d, t或ed构成过去式或过去分词。 动词原形过去式过去分词burnb:nburntb:ntburntb:nt燃烧dealdi:ldealtdeltdealtdelt解决dreamdri:
24、mdreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamtdremt做梦hearhiheardh:dheardh:d听见hanghhanged/ hunghhanged/ hung绞死,悬挂learnl:nlearned/learntl:ntlearned/learntl:nt学习lightlaitlit/lightedlitlit/lightedlit点燃, 照亮meanmi:nmeantmentmeantment意思provepru:vprovedproven/provedpru:vn证明, 证实,试验shineainshone/shinedshone/shinedun, n使照耀,使发光
25、showushowedshowed/shownun展示, 给.看smellsmelsmelled/smeltsmeltsmelled/smeltsmelt闻, 嗅speedspi:dspedsped/speededsped/speededsped加速spellspelspelled/speltspeltspelled/speltspelt拼写wakeweikwaked/wokewukwaked/wokenwukn醒来,叫醒, 激发(2)把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。 动词原形过去式过去分词buildbildbuiltbiltbuiltbilt建筑lendlendlentlentlentlent借给rebuild,ri:bildrebuilt,ri:biltrebuilt,ri:bilt改建, 重建sendsend
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